key: cord-0701516-vz06ux17
authors: MANTICA, GUGLIELMO; MARTINI, MARIANO; RICCARDI, NICCOLò
title: The possible impact of SARS-COV-2 on neglected tropical diseases in Europe: the out of spotlights emerging of schistosomiasis
date: 2021-04-29
journal: J Prev Med Hyg
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.1.1867
sha: 5c69448a8bb1bf2f9a64df40266e766b013c1812
doc_id: 701516
cord_uid: vz06ux17

nan

Dear Editor, The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the resulting infection, COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), is posing an enormous threat to healthcare, economy and society [1] . Globally, over the last year, the efforts of most Nations and non-governative health care organizations have been directed towards the containment of the infection, the reorganization of health care systems, the research for treatments and vaccines against this disease. COVID-19 has been under spotlights regarding every aspect of our life during the whole 2020, monopolizing the attention of the media as well as the provider of health care policies. Needless to say that when there is something under spotlights, there must be some other things out of these lights. In particular, little is known about how COVID-19 is impacting the millions of people worldwide with neglected diseases. Over the last decades, Europe is facing a slow increasing incidence of neglected tropical diseases that were previously considered as uncommon [2] . In particular, schistosomiasis is one of the neglected diseases that has increasingly been reported in healthcare facilities in Europe. Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever or bilharzia, is a parasitic infection that has evolved together with the humankind and its presence were already documented in Egyptian medical papyri, Assyrian medical texts and some Hebrew Bible passages [3] . Schistosomiasis is a disease spread by contact with fresh water, in endemic areas, contaminated with parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. Literature has linked bladder cancer, mostly squamous cell type, with longterm Schistosoma haematobium infections. Until few years ago, urogenital schistosomiasis was not endemic in Europe. However, in the last decade, the first cases of autochthonous outbreak have been reported in Corse (France) and a few hundred cases have been diagnosed since then [4] . Similarly, patients suffering from schistosomiasis, mostly migrants or travelers returning from endemic areas, have been diagnosed in numerous hospitals in other European countries, such as Italy, Spain, Germany and Slovakia [5] [6] [7] [8] . In Europe, schistosomiasis is an underreported disease that can certainly be defined as neglected. There is little knowledge of the disease, its symptoms, effects and therapies not only by patients and public opinion, but also by doctors themselves. In fact, a recently published survey highlighted an insufficient preparation of European urologists on natural history, diagnosis and management of this pathology, especially for those who had not previously worked in a endemic area [9] . To confirm this, an Italian multicentric study conducted on more than a hundred of patients, highlighted that an high proportion of migrant patients were tested late after arrival (median delay about 31 months) [5] . SARS-CoV-2 represents a threat to schistosomiasis control. The pandemic has taken away that little spotlight from this neglected pathology, further worsening the little efforts to screen and treat it. SARS-CoV-2 reduced the time spent by Infectious Diseases specialists training on tropical medicine and imported diseases [10] . Furthermore, patients with schistosomiasis, mainly migrants, afraid of looking for care in times of pandemic, may decrease the chance of effective treatment and care. In this light, the possible role of infectious disease specialists might be to raise awareness among health care professionals in order to implement adequate management strategies. Ultimately, a coordinated effort by the European urological, infectious diseases and preventive scientific societies may be required in order not to forget this already neglected disease.

GM and NR conceived the study, GM, MM, NR drafted and revised the manuscript, performed a search of the literature. All authors critically revised the manuscript and all authors have read and approved the latest version of the manuscript.

Rationale of the WHO document on Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) readiness and response to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of the Italian Decalogue for Prevention Departments

Greetings from Africa: the emergence of tropical urological diseases in europe. We had better be prepared!

History of schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) in humans: from Egyptian medical papyri to molecular biology on mummies

Outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis in Corsica (France): an epidemiological case study

Delay in schistosomiasis diagnosis and treatment: a multicenter cohort study in Italy

Severe complications of imported schistosomiasis, Spain: a retrospective observational study

Comprehensive infectious disease screening in a cohort of unaccompanied refugee minors in Germany from 2016 to 2017: a cross-sectional study

Confirmation of the presence of zoonotic Trichobilharzia franki following a human cercarial dermatitis outbreak in recreational water in Slovakia

Awareness of European practitioners toward uncommon tropical diseases: are we prepared to deal with mass migration? Results of an international survey

Neglected tropical diseases in non-endemic countries in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: the great forgotten

Funding sources: this research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.Letter to the editor