key: cord-0700056-6lut72u1 authors: Charan, S.; Gautam, O. P. title: Applications of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in veterinary medicine: A bibliography date: 1984 journal: Vet Res Commun DOI: 10.1007/bf02214720 sha: 0a35e333d53a41d4ab8373581d165c73918d90d8 doc_id: 700056 cord_uid: 6lut72u1 During the last decade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been a technique of major interest to those engaged in immunodiagnostics of human and animal diseases. Owing to its simplicity, specificity and sensitivity it has taken precedence over other conventional assays, including radioimmunoassay on the grounds of freedom from radiation hazards. Many applications of this assay have been developed in veterinary medicine and they are listed in this article. The ideal characteristics of a diagnostic test'are speed, sensitivity, specificity, safety, potential for automation, broad applicability and potential for field use. The search for an assay to meet these criteria led to the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which also has the following advantages: i. Enzyme-labelled antigens and antibodies stored under sterile conditions can be used for years without any appreciable loss of their enzymatic and immunological activities (Sharma et al., to the extent of 10-17g of cholera toxin. The serious limitation of such an assay is that it requires a meticulous standardization for each system independently. The optimal timings for each step and for the other requirements such as concentration, incubation temperature and pH have to be ascertained precisely, maintaining sufficient control for each reagent. Fortunately, monoclonal antibody has been very useful for generating antisera of predictable specificity, able to overcome background reaction. The enzyme immunoassays were pioneered a decade ago by Engvall and Perlmann (1971) and are now methods of choice in routine diagnosis. In veterinary practice, sero-epidemiological surveillance is often more important than the diagnosis of disease in an individual animal. ELISA can be applied to gain information regarding the spread of infections, the effectiveness of vaccines in stimulating antibody production and the levels of herd immunity. Many reviews dealing with the various aspects of the assay have been published (Schuurs and Van Weemen, 1977; Jacobson et al., 1978; Voller et al., 1978~ O'Beirne and Cooper, 1979) . The present review summarizes the applications of the technique specifically in veterinary medicine. In principle, ELISA can be applied to all antigen-antibody systems. Numerous applications of ELISA have been developed to-date, including infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal), hormones, oncofetal proteins, toxins, serum proteins, drugs and others such as snake venom, adenosine and DNA. Possibly the greatest potential for ELISA rests in its ability to detect the antigens of infectious agents in clinical specimens. The use of staphylococcal protein-A as the substitute for specific immunoglobulin has doubtlessly increased the horizon of the technique by increasing its versatility and rendering it more economical (Potgieter et al., 1980) . However, in certain instances it may be at the cost of the specificity. A wide range of applications has been discovered with regard to detecting a single antigen or antibody, and the scope of the technique may be further broadened in future by screening more than one type of antigen or antibody simultaneously in a single sample by carefully sensitizing the solid phase. Saunders et al., 1977 Wardley et al., 1979 Hamdy et al., 1981 Wright et al., 1980 Dawson et al., 1980 Sytuo and Matsumoto, 1981 Garcia and Bankowski, 1980 Mockett and Darbyshire, 1981 Soula and Moreau, 1981 Nandapalan et al., 1982 Smith et al., 1979 Snyder and Stewart, 1977 Moutou et al., 1978 Briaire, 1979 Todd et al., 1981 Hubschle et al., 1981 Ressang et al.% 1978 Behrens, 1979 Todd et al., 1980 Gielkens et al., 1981 Alberty et al., 1981 Noon et al., 1979 Noon et al., 1980 Bernard et al., 1982 Ellen et al., 1979 Callebaut et al., 1982 Shen et al., 1979 Suzuki et al., 1982 . Osterhaus et al., 1979 Sabin and Finnimore, 1980 Waits et al., 1982 Abu-Elzein and Crowther, 1978 Abu-Elzein and Crowther, 1979 Crowther and Abu-Elzein, 1979 Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Bommeli et al., 1980 Infectious bursal disease Marek's disease Solsona et al., 1980 .... Bolton et al., 1981 Marquardt et al., 1980 Howie and Thorsen, 1981 Srivastava et al., 1982 Nexo, 1976 Charan et al., 1981 Charan et al., 1983 Assaf et al., 1982 Atanasiu et al., 1977 Slaght et al., 1978 Rossiter et al., 1981 Anderson et al., 1982 Scherrer and Bernard, 1977 Ellen and Leeuw, 1978 Yolken et al., 1978 Bachmann, 1979 Payment et al., 1979 Stucker et al., 1979 Grauballe et al., 1981 Parker et al., 1979 Hamblin and Crowther, 1982 Roehrig, 1982 Houwers Thoen et al., 1980 a Bidwell et al., 1978 Young and Purnell, 1980 Marius et al., 1979 Grieve et al., 1981 Burden and Hammet, 1978 Hillyer and Weil, 1979 Keus et al., 1981 Tadros et al., 1979 Murrell et al., 1982 Craig, 1979 Harrison and Sewell, 1981 Savigny et al., 1979 Ambroise- Thomas et al., 1978 Denmark and Chessum, 1978 Lin et al., 1980 Yen et al., 1981 Ruitenberg et al., 1976 Ruitenberg and Buys, 1979 Knapen et al., 1980 Luckin Enzyme immunoassay of human alfa-fetoprotein Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves: quatitation of antibody activities in sera and respiratory secretions by immunoenzymatic analysis An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELI-SA) for measuring antibodies in chicken infected with infectious bursal disease virus Use of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to measure antibody responses in turkeys against Pasteurella multocida Comparative studies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus A pilot study to assess the usefulness of ELISA in detecting tuberculosis in badgers Application of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Aujeszky's disease in swine Evaluation of three immunodiagnostic procedures for porcine strongyloidiosis Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus A plaque assay for murine leukemia virus using enzyme coupled antibodies An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using EDTA extracted antigen for the serology of Haemophilus pleuropneumonia Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of antibodies to canine distemper virus An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the des of antibodies to canine adenoviruses Heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay Detection of antibody against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp, mycoides in cattle by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA for the serology of FIP virus (feline infectious peritonitis) Sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition serological tests for detection of Sendal virus antibodies in laboratory mice Use of electronmicroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rotavirus in neonatal calf diarrhoea Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay using staphylococcal protein A for detecting virus antibodies Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of chlamydial antibodies in poultry associated individuals ELISA for antibodies against mycobacterial glycolipids Studies on bovine leukosis. VI. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to bovine leukosis virus Detection of circulation antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus in sera of mice and rabbits by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the identification of arthropod-borne togavirus antibodies Micro ELISA test for detecting antibodies to rinderpest virus antigens Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs. Comparison of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Repeatability of ELISA as a control method for detection of Trichinella spiralis infection in conventionally raised pigs Comparison of ELISA with other tests using sera from heifers experimentally infected with Brucella abortus A test for detection of feline leukemia virus Contagious equine metritis: development of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibody to contagious equine metritis organism Application of the indirect enzyme labelled antibody microtest to the detection and surveillance of animal disease Toxocariasis, serological diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay Application of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the detection of calf rotavirus antibodies Enyzme-immunoassay Reproducibility and long term follow up of enzyme immunoassay Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of equine infectious anaemia viral antigen Use of antigens of cultured Trypanosoma brucei in test for bovine trypanosomiasis An enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting chicken anti-reovirus antibody at high sensitivity An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting avian leukosis sarcoma virus Application of enzyme labelled test in pseudorabies Detection of antibodies to bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus by the ELISA technique Antigen requirements and specificity of a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting infectious bronchitis viral antibodies in chicken serum Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies to Marek's disease virus in vaccinated chickens Rotavirus antibody assay on monkey sera: a comparison of enzyme immunoassay with neutralization and complement fixation test Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia Detection of chicken antibodies against avian encephalomyelitis virus by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay The detection of circulating antibodies against sarcocystis in human and bovine sera by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique The influence of concurrent infection with Oesopha~ostomum species on the interpretation of the ELISA test for trichinosis in pigs The influence of age and husbandry of pigs on evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. spiralis infection Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies in cattle in a herd in which anaplasmosis was detected Development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody in sera of Brucella suis infected swine Enzyme-linked protein A: An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay reagent for detecting antibodies in tuberculous exotic animals An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for enzootic bovine leukosis virus antibodies Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Aujeszky's disease virus in pig Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Pseudomonas aeru~inosa and measurement of antibody titre in horse serum Enzyme immunoassay with special reference to ELISA techniques Comparison of ELISA and FA test for the detection of feline leukemia virus A solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of African swine fever antigen and antibodies Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Aleutian disease virus antibody Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identification of rotaviruses from different animal species Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in swine Evaluation of dried blood samples as a source of antibody in the micro ELISA test for Babasia divergens