key: cord-0694288-b1yimidz authors: Chen, Yanju; Liu, Yang; Shi, Ya; Ping, Jianfeng; Wu, Jian; Chen, Huan title: Magnetic particles for integrated nucleic acid purification, amplification and detection without pipetting date: 2020-05-06 journal: Trends Analyt Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115912 sha: 56a282677272bd7e649b7a52f6eec1f318c2c13a doc_id: 694288 cord_uid: b1yimidz Abstract Nucleic acid amplification based detection plays an important role in food safety, environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis. However, traditional nucleic acid detection process involves transferring liquid from one tube to another by pipetting It requires trained persons, equipped labs and consumes lots of time. The ideal nucleic acid detection is integrated, closed, simplified and automated. Magnetic particles actuated by magnetic fields can efficiently adsorb nucleic acids and promote integrated nucleic acid assays without pipetting driven by pumps and centrifuges. We will comprehensively review magnetic particles assisted integrated system for nucleic acid detection and hope it can inspire further related study. However, during outbreaks of infectious disease , compared with immunological methods, nucleic 62 acid detection is a direct method with higher sensitivity and the preparation of kits for nucleic acid 63 detection takes less time [6] . There are many amplification free[7] and amplification based [8] methods 64 for nucleic acid detection. In traditional molecular testing labs, the experimenters need to move the 65 liquid from one tube to another. The sensitivity of nucleic acid detection can increase after 66 amplification. However, pipetting based nucleic acid assays have two disadvantages. One is that 67 complex operating steps cannot meet the requirements of POCT[9] . Another is that target 68 formed aerosol after amplification may contaminate the environment [10] , especially some 69 highly infectious viruses which may make put technicians at in danger. Quantitative presence of electromagnet will contribute to the automation of integrated nucleic acid 102 detection platform. When using the electromagnet, the magnetic field can be controlled by 7 power-on and power-off. The strength of the magnetic field can be controlled by the intensity 104 of current. In this way, we can control the speed of magnetic particles when passing through 105 different reaction tanks by controlling the current intensity. Also, it will be convenient to (Fig. 3 A) . In addition to avoiding the bulky equipment and lowering the assay costs, Different from it, in T-junction device the oil only separates lysis buffer and elution buffer but 299 the cannot formed a closed environment. The T-junction device is composed of three wells 300 connecting by a long channel and a short channel (Fig. 3 B) Neither of the above-mentioned devices is totally closed, which is difficult for transportation. In 2012, the immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST) device was reported. The reaction solutions are not in contact with the external environment. The horizontal IFAST 311 device consists of three wells and two trapezoidal microfluidic conduits arranged in a line. The lysis well and elution well are separated by surface tension (Fig. 3 C) . The sensitivity of 313 this device is comparable to the commercial magnetic extraction kits. Furthermore, the time it 314 that takes to accomplish extraction process is much less than conventional magnetic 315 extraction kits with manual intensive. It was verified that nucleic acids of Clostridium The water-air passage is convenient for magnetic particles to transport. There are some 406 problems in the practical application. In the traditional assays with pipetting, it is easy to 407 realize thorough mixing by vortex or sucking in and out by pipette. Indeed, in the closed type 408 of magnetic nucleic acid assays, it will be a little difficult to realize thorough mix between 409 magnetic particles and reaction liquids due to the gravity of the magnetic particles. which is difficult to apply to point-of-care detection. The transport of magnetic particles 539 25 assisted by immiscible interface in the closed system can avoid these problems. Then the 540 integrated nucleic acid purification assisted by magnetic particles through water-oil interface 541 and air-water interface was is described, which lays the foundation for integrated detection. Finally, the integrated nucleic acid detection system is introduced. It greatly simplifies the 543 steps of nucleic acid assays and promotes the integrated detection. On this basis, the improved 544 integrated nucleic acid purification, amplification and detection system is discussed in detail. At present, the integrated extraction of magnetic particles based immiscible interfaces is well 546 developed and can achieve the same efficiency as the commercial extraction kits. The existing 547 problem is how to transfer the eluent containing nucleic acids to the amplification region. 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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.☐The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: