key: cord-0252535-52ceerk7 authors: nan title: Abstracts of the 4(th) International WAVEX Meeting: Whole Body Vibration as an intervention in physical and mental health date: 2021 journal: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact DOI: nan sha: cd9c07c8e5c412052389360c27893021221fc2ee doc_id: 252535 cord_uid: 52ceerk7 nan The subjects were children with CP, who participated in the rehabilitation program. Muscle mass was quantified by appendicular lean mass index (App-LMI) and bone mass by total body less head bone mineral content (TBLH-BMC) assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning of the rehabilitation and one year later. To assess the functional muscle-bone unit, the relation of TBLH-BMC to TBLH lean body mass (TBLH-LBM) was used. The study population included 128 children (52 females, mean age 11.9±2.7). App-LMI assessed in kg/m 2 increased significantly after the rehabilitation program. The age-adjusted Z-score for App-LMI showed no significant change. TBLH-BMC assessed in gram increased significantly. The Z-scores for TBLH-BMC decreased lesser than expected by the evaluation of the crosssectional data at the beginning of the rehabilitation program. The parameter (TBLH-BMC)/(TBLH-LBM) did not change relevantly after 12 months. Muscle growth and to a lesser extent bone growth could be increased in children with CP. The intensive rehabilitation program including vibration-assisted training seemed to have no direct effect on the bone, but the bone anabolic influence seemed to be only mediated through the muscle 5 Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro -UERJ, Rio de Janeiro -RJ, Brazil; 6 Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread disease of skeletal muscle that is associated with a greater likelihood of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, mortality. The whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) was recently introduced as a non-pharmacological complementary therapeutic strategy for sarcopenic older people. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the immediate effect of WBV exercise on hormonal parameters and oxidative biomarkers during dynamic squatting exercise with and without WBV in sarcopenic older people. A crossover randomized controlled trial involving non-sarcopenic (NSG=22) and sarcopenic (SG=22) individuals who underwent both intervention protocols: squats with and without WBV. The exercise protocol was 40 Hz and 4 mm, with eight sets of 40s of exercise and rest. The participants were evaluated by Dual Energy Radiological Absormetry (DXA) and anthropometric measures. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and after the situations (with and without WBV). The variables, assessed at moments baseline and after a session in both groups, were serum concentrations of cortisol, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and power iron-reducing antioxidant Figure 1 . Immediate hormonal and oxidative biomarkers responses in the situations with and without whole-body vibration in nonsarcopenic and sarcopenic groups. Data are means and standard deviation. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Post Hoc Bonferroni. Difference between the mean values at rest between groups (a # b); *difference between "rest". TBARS: concentrations of thiobarbituric acid; FRAP: power iron-reducing antioxidant; CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase. (FRAP). The variables were presented as means and 95% confidence intervals. The t-independent test (parametric variables) or the Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric variables) were used to compare the groups at the baseline. Multivariate analysis to identify the effect and interaction through ANOVA two-way repeated measures (groups x moments) and ANOVA two-way (groups x intervention) with post hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. The mean age, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, were respectively [Non-Sarcopenic: 72,0 (68.9-75.2); 24.9 (23. 8 2), 33.9 (30.9-36. 9) ]. There were differences between BMI (p=0.0001) and lean mass (p=0.013). As for relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI), when stratified by sex, men and women with sarcopenia presented 6.5 kg/m 2 (p <0.000) and 5.2 kg/ m 2 (p<0.000) respectively. The SG showed higher concentrations of serum cortisol (p=0.0384) and reduced values of antioxidant enzymes SOD (p<0.0001) and CAT (p=0.0003) when compared to NSG. However, in SG there was a significantly greater reduction in serum cortisol levels after the exercise without WBV (p<0.03) when compared to the exercise with WBV. The addition of WBV did not promote differences between groups for oxidative biomarkers. Thus, we conclude that the parameters adopted in the WBV exercise were insufficient to modify the blood concentrations of cortisol and oxidative biomarkers in sarcopenic older people. Li Meng Chen Michelle, Chow Simon Kwoon Ho, Wong Ronald Man Yeung, Qin Ling, Cheung Wing Hoi Introduction: Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has been proven to enhance osteoporotic fracture healing significantly and shorten bedrest period. Previous studies showed that LMHFV improved stem cell recruitment and angiogenesis. Recent studies also showed that vibration increased osteocytes number and modified their morphology. Osteocytes, making up 90% of bone cells , are responsible for mechano-sensing. LMHFV could alter osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) and facilitate fracture healing. DMP1 in osteocytes is responsible for maintaining LCN and mineralisation. This study aims to investigate osteocyte-specific DMP1's role in enhanced osteoporotic fracture healing in response to mechanical loading. Bilateral ovariectomy was done on 6-month-old female SD rats to induce osteoporosis. Metaphyseal fracture was created at left distal femur using oscillating micro-saw after internal fixation with screws and 6-hole T-shape plates. Rats were randomised to five groups: (1) DMP1 KD, (2) DMP1 KD + vibration (VT), (3) Scramble + VT, (4) vehicle control + VT, or (5) vehicle control, where KD stands for knockdown done by injection of shRNA into marrow cavity 2 weeks before surgery. Assessments included weekly X-ray, Micro CT and immunohistochemistry on DMP1, E11 and sclerostin at week 1, 3 and 6 post-fracture. Results: DMP1 KD significantly impaired vibration enhanced fracture healing as shown by comparing KD + VT group to vehicle control + VT group or scramble + VT group. The X-ray relative opacity showed less tissue growth (p=0.012) at week 6 ( Figure 1 ) and bone volume fraction decreased after DMP1 KD (p=0.034) at week 3 ( Figure 2 ). DMP1 KD also significantly altered the expression level of osteocyte specific DMP1, E11 and sclerostin during the healing process. DMP1 KD + VT group showed no significant difference in fracture healing process and osteocyte specific protein expression compared to KD only group (Figure 3 ). Results and discussion: WBV in different amplitudes, frequencies and duration causes neurophysiological adaptations that increase proprioceptive excitatory discharges of the somatososensory cortex, vestibular system and thalamus activation. It is observed an activation of the α motor neuron that helps muscle hypertrophy consequently leading to an increase in strength. In addition, the vibration reduces the release of neurotransmitters to motor neurons, decreasing the amplitude of the H reflexes; related to the activation of corticospinal and intracortical mechanisms. Such changes associated with peripheral mechanisms -improved perfusion and activation of muscle reflex -are related to improvement in muscle strength, spastic hypertonia, hypomotility, impaired posture and balance. Clinically, WBV improves sequels from neurological diseases, especially in those patients prevented from performing traditional physical exercises. In the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), for example, WBV (26 Hz) showed an improvement in the production of muscular torque, in the sitting and standing test and in other mobility tests. Patients with spinal cord injury also improved isometric strength after use of the WBV and presented significant resourcefulness in the walk test of 8 meters and in the SARA scale of ataxia. Cerebral palsy patients showed improvement in concentric, eccentric work and peak eccentric torque in the weakest limb, in addition to improving the score in several mobility tests. Patients with stroke as well as MS patients, improved the isometric, eccentric and isokinetic extension of the legs and also showed reduced spasticity. Individuals with Parkinson 's Disease showed an improvement in posture and balance. (red circles) . Significantly decreased DMP1 positive osteocytes in KD groups showed successful knockdown of DMP1. E11 expression in KD+VT group was significantly higher than Sb+VT group at both week 1 and 3, indicating delayed fracture healing. Vibration induced suppression of SOST was not seen in KD groups. SOST expression was significantly higher in KD+VT group than VT and Sb+VT groups at week 6. Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has shown to have positive effects on both the brain and the muscular system, which makes it a potential treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD). A major limitation for the use of WBV in PD is the lack of an optimal WBV protocol. To provide a rationale for such an optimal protocol, it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism of PD which is most sensitive to WBV. The genetic architecture of PD suggests that Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) plays an essential role in PD pathogenesis and literature strongly suggests that LRRK2 mediates this role via the immune response. Several studies show the beneficial antiinflammatory and immune-related effects of WBV. Aim: Characterize the cellular role of LRRK2 and the molecular effect of WBV on LRRK2-mediated signaling and PD in general. We approach this via phagocytosis uptake since literature indicates the role of LRRK2 in phagocytosis. We will determine if WBV reverses the negative effects of LRRK2 mutation in phagocytosis. We will use cellular models from all kingdoms of life, as well as an animal model. To characterize the potential of WBV to reverse the pathogenic changes caused by the PD related mutations (LRRK2), we are using Dictyostelium discoideum and its Roco4 null mutants to establish an optimal protocol for WBV. Dictyostelium discoideum Roco4 has the same domain topology as LRRK2 and is a model to study the structural and biochemical characteristics of the LRRK2 kinase model. Literature indicates that there is a defect in phagocytosis uptake in Roco4 mutants. We are using this defect as a readout to see the impact of various WBV protocols on the LRRK2 pathway. Dictyostelium discoideum and its ROCO4 mutant are fed bacteria, yeast, and zymosan beads to induce uptake. The uptake is quantified visually using confocal microscopy and by taking the Optical Density readout of the number of bacterial cells taken up and the growth is measured by counting the number of cells. The experiments will be performed with and without vibration intervention at 30 Hz, for different time periods and directionality. We expect to see that Roco4 null cells have a defect in phagocytosis, in comparison to wild-type control cells and to see if WBV reverses or improves the defect. If this works then our next step would be to use the same WBV intervention protocol in other organisms like bacteria, murine and mammalian cell lines. Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable, common and treatable disease and is characterized by air limitation due to alveolar changes that result in persistent respiratory symptoms. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of deaths caused by tobacco reaches 8 million people per year, seven million from direct smoking and one million non-smokers who have been exposed to smoking. Respiratory symptoms are dyspnoea, one of the most debilitating, coughing, discharge and the most common non-respiratory symptoms are loss of muscle mass, weakness, reduced mobility. In order to reduce the pulmonary and non-pulmonary symptoms of COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation is indicated as a non-pharmacological, multidisciplinary approach in which the patient has several therapies, including support to change their lifestyle, guidance and the inclusion of physical exercise in their daily practice. Fifteen COPD Individuals performed a single session of whole-body vibration exercises, sitting in an auxiliary chair in front of a side alternate vibrating platform. The parameters used were frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 2.5 mm, rest time 1 minute, work time 1 minute. Flexibility was assessed by the anterior trunk flexion test, the cardiovascular parameters were assessed by the measurement of heart and respiratory rate and by diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressure. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the Graph Prism software. Ethics Committee: agreement number: CAAE 49219115.3.0000.5259 and ReBEC under number RBR-72dqtm. The preliminary findings indicate an improvement (decrease), but not significant, in the anterior trunk flexion (14.00±11.32 cm before and 12.63±10.87 cm after; p=0.3692) and there were no significant differences in cardiovascular parameters. Discussion: Exercise is recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for patients with COPD and WBV exercise is an approach that does not stress the cardiovascular system and has been shown to be safe training in this population, showing an improvement in flexibility with a small number of participants. The WBV exercise is a safe technique and is indicated as an exercise modality for frail population. More studies are needed to assess the acute effects on flexibility of COPD patients with a large number of individuals. Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been widely used as a therapeutic resource in pediatric rehabilitation. However, the cardiopulmonary responses are still unknown. Objective: To investigate the intensity of dynamic squatting exercise with and without WBV in healthy adolescents to characterize cardiorespiratory responses. Methods: Two experimental sessions were performed (squatting exercises with and without WBV) where the measurements of the VO2 measured breath by breath by a portable gas analysis system, and heart rate (HR) measured using an HR monitor. The protocol consisted of performing squatting exercises (8 sets of 40 seconds, with 40 seconds of rest between sets) with a frequency of 40 Hz and amplitude of 4 mm or without vibration (same protocol with the platform off), separated by at least 1 day. Twenty-five adolescents (14.1±1.7 years), 10 girls and 15 boys participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were age between 12 and 18 years old of both sexes and normal weight according to BMI. Exclusion criteria were to present chronic or acute neurological, orthopedic, respiratory, cardiac, and endocrine disease and no self-reported contraindication for WBV. There was a significant increase of the VO2 during both protocols in relation to the rest with significantly higher values during squatting with-WBV (p<0,01). Also, significant difference in HR was found in both protocols in comparison to corresponded rest with significantly higher values during squatting with-WBV (p<0,01). The predicted HR max for age in adolescents, determined by the equation HRmax=208-(0.7 x age), was 198 bpm. Rest, squatting without vibration, and squatting with WBV were 42, 50, and 56 % (with means of 83; 99; 110 bpm respectively) of the HRmax predicted for age. About the perceived exertion, the protocol with-WBV showed significant values compared with the protocol without-WBV with a mean score of 15.12±1.7 (level hard of exertion), and the protocol without-WBV showed a mean score of 8.48±1.7 (between extremely light and very light exertion) (p<0,01). Moreover, WBV was able to reach 24.7% of adolescents' VO2max, considering the mean values of VO2max. Conclusion: Squatting associated with WBV was considered a lightintensity exercise tolerated by healthy adolescents. This study provided valid results of the effectiveness of this training modality and could be used as a tool to define the energy consumption spent, besides characterizing adolescents for such protocol. Results: When compared to the control group, patients receiving WBV exhibited a significant improvement in the primary endpoint, the 6MWD (+35.4±10.9 vs −4.4±7.6 m), resulting in a net benefit of 39.7±7.8 m (p=0.004). WBV was also associated with substantial improvements in CPET variables, muscle power, and HRQoL. The combined analysis of all patients (n=22) indicated significant net improvements versus baseline in the 6MWD (+38.6 m), peakVO2 (+65.7 mL/min), anaerobic threshold (+40.9 mL VO2/min), muscle power (+4.4%), and HRQoL (SF-36 +9.7, LPH −11.5 points) (all p<0.05). WBV was well tolerated in all patients, and no procedurerelated severe adverse events (SAEs) occurred. Conclusions: WBV substantially improves exercise capacity, physical performance, and HRQoL in patients with PAH who are on stable targeted therapy. This methodology may be utilised in structured training programmes, and may be feasible for continuous long-term physical exercise in these patients. Trial registration number NCT01763112; Results. Background: Whole-body vibration training (WBV) performed on a vibration platform can significantly improve physical performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has been suggested that an important mechanism of this improvement is based on an improvement in balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of WBV compared to conventional balance training. Methods: 48 patients with severe COPD (FEV1: 37±7 %predicted) and low exercise performance (6-minute walk distance (6MWD): 55±10% predicted) were included in this randomized controlled trial during a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. All patients completed a standardized endurance and strength training program. Additionally, patients performed 4 different balance exercises 3x/week for 2 sets of 1 minute each, either on a vibration platform (Galileo) at varying frequencies (5-26 Hz) (WBV) or on a conventional balance board (BAL). The primary outcome parameter was the change in balance performance during a semi tandem stance with closed eyes assessed on a force measurement platform. Muscular power during a countermovement jump, the 6MWD, and 4-meter gait speed test (4MGST) were secondary outcomes. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analyses. Conclusions: WBV can improve balance performance and muscular power significantly more compared to conventional balance training. The ATF of individuals with COPD can be improved through physical activity using WBVE. In addition, the perception of effort unchanged in these individuals may suggest that this modality is a safe therapeutic strategy and easy to adapt for this population . The individual was positioned barefoot, with knee flexion at 130° on the base of the VP. The peak-to-peak displacement was 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mm in each sequence. In both groups, from the 1 st to the 4 th session, 3 sequences were performed, from the 5 th to the 8th session, 4 sequences and from the 9 th to the 12 th session, 5 sequences. During the protocol, individuals performed static and dynamic squats, with one session being static and the other dynamic (alternately). In VFG, the frequency of 5 Hz was used in the 1st session, increasing 1 Hz in each session, totaling 16 Hz in the last session. One minute of vibration was performed with squat and 1 minute without vibration and without squat in each peak-to-peak displacement. The working time used was one minute of vibration and one minute of rest. In the FFG, the frequency of 5Hz remained unchanged in all sessions. The working time used was 10 seconds of vibration and 110 seconds without vibration in each peak-to-peak displacement, being 1 minute with squat (dynamic or static) and 1 minute of rest. The WBV intervention was performed in the Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas (LAVIMPI), PPC/UERJ. NC and BMI were measured before and after the intervention. The preliminary results of this investigation demonstrated that the use of WBV generated by vibrations produced on a vibrating platform with low frequency (from 5 to 16 Hz) in individuals with MSy significantly reduced (p<0.05) the NC in the VFG (38.65±3.32 before, 37.56±2.90 after, p=0.01). The intervention with FFG did not produced significant result (37.20±3.43 before, 37.29±4.26 after, p=0.65). The findings of this study suggest that the WBV exercise applied in a 12 sessions can benefit individuals with MSy. Aline Background: Metabolic syndrome (MSy) is a major worldwide public health issue and is defined as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity with increased body waist circumference, dyslipidemia associated with high serum triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and impaired glucose tolerance (manifested as a type of insulin resistance). Other commonly associated characteristics include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, microalbuminuria, and hyperuricemia (high uric acid [HUA]). HUA levels are independent markers of increased cardiovascular disease risk, in this context the impaired uric acid metabolism may result in an increased incidence of MSy. Presentday changes in living patterns, such as increased alcohol intake, high-calorie diets, decreased physical activity, as well as increased sedentary behavior, are causes of the increased prevalence of HUA. Regular exercise significantly less the excess mortality risk associated with elevated serum uric acid. In this context, it is suggested that whole-body vibration exercises (WBVE) would be a useful alternative to the management of MSy individuals. In the WBVE, the individual is exposed to mechanical vibrations produced by a vibrating platform (VP) and the vibrations are transmitted to the whole body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum uric acid concentration of individuals with MSy before and after WBVE. Methods: Twenty-four of MSy individuals were allocated in a Fixed Frequency (FF) and Variable Frequency (FV) group. A side-to-side alternating vibrating platform was used. The parameters used were 5 to 16 Hz (frequency), 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mm (peak-to-peak displacement), 1 minute of work time, and 1 minute of rest. This protocol was performed in a squat static and dynamic position, per 6 weeks, twice a week. Samples of blood were collected and the concentrations of uric acid were determined before the first session and after the last WBVE session. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the Graph Prism software. Discussion: Considering the findings with a small number of individuals exposed to WBVE, which is a low-intensity exercise, the results suggest that WBVE, with the biomechanical parameters used in the protocols, does not modify the uric acid concentration. Physical exercise is indispensable for maintaining the health of individuals with MSy, however further studies are needed to learn about the application of whole-body vibration and the better protocol for your utilization related to uric acid concentrations in this population. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is well-known as an alternative form of exercise generated in an individual that is in contact with the base of a vibrating platform due to the transmission of mechanical vibration (MV) to a body. WBV is used as an intervention to the management of various clinical disorders, including, diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by deficiency of insulin production due to the destruction of beta-pancreatic cells. The evaluation of the influence of WBV on T1DM serum enzymes is relevant to try identifying the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the consequences of the WBV intervention in Wistar rats with T1DM on the serum enzymes activities are reported. To analyze the effect of WBV on serum enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT, alkaline phosphatase-AP, amylase-AMS, lipase-LIP) on T1DM Wistar rats. The protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee from University of Rio de Janeiro, protocol CEUA/006/2019. Eighteen male Wistar rats (n=6/per group, 250-350 g, 3-4 months) were separated into three groups, Healthy Control (CON), Diabetic Control (DC) and Diabetic+Vibration (D+VBR). For diabetes induction, Aloxana monohydrate at the dose of 170 mg/kg diluted in saline (NaCl 0.9%) was used. The glucose was measured in a sample of blood collected from the tail with a glycosimeter. The rats were considered diabetic with glucose above 200 mg/dl. The D+VBR group was submitted to MV (frequency of 50 Hz and amplitude of 0.78 mm) exposed to 4 sessions of 30s, separated by 1-min rest period (each session), performed for 5-weeks. Results were expressed as mean±SD. After 5-weeks of the interventions no statistical difference was found when compared the serum enzyme levels of the animals of DC and D+VBR group. But, it was possible to observe changes on enzyme markers levels in Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercises (SSE) combined with SSE on a side-alternating whole body vibration platform (WBV) as a home-training program in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study was an investigator blinded randomized controlled trial, which has been previously published. Participants: 40 female AIS patients aged 10 to 17 years, wearing a brace and performing regular PSSE were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group performed an additional home-based PSSE program on a WBV platform for 6 months. Exercises were standing, sitting and two different kneeling positions (each 3 minutes) five times per week. The control intervention was regular PSSE (treatment as usual). Main Outcome Measure(s) were the Cobb angle measured at start and after six months by MRI. A clinically relevant effect was estimated at a change of 5°. The onset of menarche was documented for sub-group analysis. Discussion: This pilot study showed that an additional home-based PSSE performed on a sWBV platform for six months counteracts the progression of scoliosis in girls with AIS wearing a brace; especially before the onset of the menarche. A study protocol on a confirmatory trial on PSSE on a WBV platform in young girls with idiopathic scoliosis before prescription of a brace will be discussed. Aline The WBVE protocol was performed twice a week for 5 weeks in a side-alternating vibratory platform (VP). The Individuals were instructed to (i) sit in an auxiliary chair in front of the VP, (ii) place the feet on the VP basis (barefoot), (iii) knees in a comfortable bending position between 100-120 o , (iv) hands resting on the knees to facilitate the transmission of vibration to the whole body. The individuals were instructed to maintain this position in each peakto-peak displacement (D) (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mm) for 3 minutes with 1 minute of rest between the bouts. The frequency varied from 5 up to 14 Hz and the peak acceleration (a Peak ) between 0.12 to 2.95 g. The pain level was assessed through the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after each session of WBVE. In general, a reduction on the pain level was observed before and after WBVE in any of the 10 sessions. But the statistical analysis was not performed due to the small number of the sample (six individuals over 60 years old). This work showed the result of the daily assessment of the level of pain before and after 10 sessions of WBVE. As only 6 individuals were evaluated, it is required a larger sample size to confirm or refute this finding. Yossef Haleva, Ayelet Dunsky, Meron Rubinstein, Heinz Kleinöder, Joachim Mester The Academic College at Wingate, Sport performance, German Sport University Cologne The current study aimed to explore the effect of long-term wholebody vibration (WBV) in comparison to traditional training on muscular performance. Thirty healthy physical education students were randomly allocated into a Vibration Group (VG, n=13), which underwent a whole-body vibration training program with external load, and a Traditional Group (TG, n=17), which received the same training program without a vibration load. The study was composed of pre-test assessments, a 4-week intervention phase, and posttest assessments. During the intervention phase, the VG and TG performed three training sessions per week, including six sets of 30-sec squats with external loads. Assessments included: Maximal isometric muscle strength; Power (assessed by squat jump); Reactive strength (assessed by counter-movement jump and drop jump); and Muscular endurance. The results revealed significant improvements in all measured variables among the participants in the VG from the pre-to post-tests (p<.05). Among the TG participants, significant differences between the pre-and post-tests were found only in the squat jump and the counter-movement jump (p<.01). A significant Group X Time interaction was found in the drop jump test, implying greater improvement in the VG following the intervention. The findings suggest that it would be beneficial for athletes to train with WBV to improve different strength and performance components, rather than traditional resistance training, which has the disadvantage of being very specific and time-consuming. Methods: Three randomized controlled trials on the preventive use of WBVT for healthy white-collar employees as well as white-collar employees with chronic low-back pain were conducted. Besides, we gained experience in the implementation of WBVT in the second largest German company in the water management sector with around 2250 employees. In addition, we applied two long-term research projects on the accuracy of signals applied from the devices used for WBVT. Previous results show that WBVT is a safe workplace-based sports activity that is easily integrated into operational processes. Positive effects of such an intervention were found on the muscular capacity of the lower extremities and the trunk [3] [4] [5] . Besides, positive effects on the pathology of chronic low-back pain, the quality of life, the daily physical activity and the amount of sick days were found 3 . Regarding the accuracy of the applied signals of WBVT-devices, a negative influence of regular use was found 6 . In addition, the implementation of WBVT in the second largest German company in the water management sector shows that WBVT is also effective and safe for blue-collar employees. Our results and experiences underline, that WBVT is an effective and safe minimal preventive intervention in workplacehealth promotion for healthy blue-and white-collar workers as well as for employees with chronic low-back pain. Our findings suggest that WBVT can be used as an effective and safe part of a multimodal preventive intervention, especially if combined with cardiovascular exercise. To date, a structured analysis on the cost effectiveness of WBVT in the corporate setting is still missing. Future studies should consider this aspect. Conclusions: Based on a neurobiological point of view, we are of the opinion that WBV training has the potential to be a suitable "NeuroExercise" intervention once the underlying mechanisms are better understood, and clinical relevance is enhanced. More translational research using animal models and cell cultures are needed to further our insights in how WBV affects the brain. Given the often large individual variation in effectiveness of WBV to stimulate the brain, more research is needed to understand the origin of this variation. Once WBV is better tailored to serve as a "NeuroExercise" intervention, it will be an additional cost-effective tool for many brain-related issues. It will be especially helpful for subject that are not able or willing to participate in active exercise. It may also serve as a stepping stone towards more active exercise. Background: Recent preclinical studies have shown that moderate aerobic exercise produces benefits on brain health, cognitive functions and behavior, as well on motor performance. In addition, exercise is a meaningful intervention to prevent prevalence of diseases associated with aging and it contributes to successful healthy aging. Whole body vibration (WBV) provides a passive form of stimulation by mechanical vibration platforms. WBV has been considered to be an alternative of physical exercise for aged individuals. However, effects of WBV in the context of cognitive functions, behavior and motor performance have not yet been investigated in aged rats. In order to better understand the behavioral, cognitive and motor adaptations induced by WBV, our experiment assessed the effects of long-term WBV intervention on a battery of behavioral and motor tests. 18 months old male and female Wistar rats underwent a 5 weeks long WBV intervention (10 minutes per day, 5 times per week; frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 50-200 micron). After 5 weeks, behavioral and motor performance in the open field, novel and spatial object recognition, grip hanging and balance beam tests were investigated. Results: Rats that underwent vibration treatment spent more time in the outer wall zone of open field arena. In addition, increased number of rears was detected in the vibrated male animals compared to pseudo treated male animals. Whereas spatial memory was improved by vibration treatment, object memory was not affected. Both grip strength and motor coordination were significantly improved by vibration treatment. In accordance with the literature, our results indicate that long-term WBV training has beneficial effects on depressionlike behavior, on cognitive capabilities like spatial memory, as well as in improvements of neuromuscular adaptation in 18 months old rats. Therefore, WBV seems to be comparable with active exercise interventions and has the potential to battle against agerelated cognitive and motor decline. However, further preclinical experiments are still needed to reveal and determine the role of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways. These insights can then be used to optimize specific aspects the WBV protocol (e.g. the "Big Five"; see 1 ). Background: Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is worldwide used in rehabilitation and sport to stimulate muscle function and balance. More recent research in rodents and humans revealed that WBV is also beneficial for cognitive functions. However, the optimal WBV conditions are not established yet. Studies in young adults and children consistently found significant but small acute effects on selective attention and inhibition after WBV with vertical vibrations (30Hz frequency, 1 mm peak-to-peak displacement) in sitting position. Acute effects under other conditions (e.g., side-alternating vs. vertical vibrations, standing vs. sitting position) are currently unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the short-term effects of side-alternating Whole-Body Vibration in standing and sitting position on cognitive function of young adult. Methods: Subjects were 60 healthy young adults (mean age 21.7±2.0 years, 72% female). A Galileo side-alternating vibration plate was used. Frequency was verified at 27 Hz with a dominant peak-to-peak displacement in Z-direction of 1.39 mm measured at the medial side of the feet on the plate. A balanced cross-over design was used. In two different sessions, the same participants stood on the plate in 30-45 degrees squat position or were seated in front of the plate with the feet on the plate and the hands on the knees. In each session alternated three WBV and three control conditions were offered for two minutes. After each condition selective attention and inhibition was measured with the color-word interference card of the Stroop test. In sitting position, we found a significant, but small improvement in Stroop test performance after WBV vs. control condition (33.4±6.0s vs. 33.9±6.0s; t(59)=2.29; p(twotailed)=0.026; Cohen's d=0.08 performance after WBV vs. control condition was not significantly different. Alternating WBV in sitting position appears beneficial for cognitive function. However, in agreement with prior studies with vertical WBV while sitting on the plate, the short-term effect was small. We did not find beneficial effects for the standing position. This may be related to fatigue after two minutes WBV in squat position. An alternative explanation may be that the dominant mechanism is sensory stimulation via the Meissner corpuscles and that during standing the Meissner corpuscles are insufficient triggered since in this condition the hands are not vibrated. The density of Meissner corpuscles is highest in the hands. Sitting on the plate instead of in front of the plate may enhance the beneficial effect of sidealternating WBV. Csaba Nyakas, Klára Felszeghy 1,2 , Tamás Introduction: Acceptable quality of life during aging requires the preservation of mobility and a healthy brain aging process. Since aging is often hampered by motor, cognitive and psychosocial constraints, this may limit the option for active physical training. Hence, different forms of 'passive' exercise may provide an alternative for actual physical exercise. For that, whole body vibration (WBV) was compared to low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (EMF) and treadmill running, regarding effects on motor abilities and cognition. Methods: Senescent rats (30-32 months of age) were assayed following chronic WBV training (6 weeks long, treatments 5x per week, 2x 5 min sessions per day; Marodyne LivMD). The effects of WBV were compared to (1) chronic active treadmill exercise training and (2) another passive type of exercise treatment modality, the low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation (Sanza, Santerra Co.) of the same duration, i.e. 6 weeks using old rats of the same age. Behavioral tests: open-field (O-F) measuring psychomotility, vertical and horizontal movement activities; novel object recognition (NOR); novel place recognition (NPR) assaying attention, discrimination. Long-term memory was obtained in a passive avoidance task. Measurement of bioenergetic parameters, both frequency and energy transfer were carried out for reproducibility reasons. Results: All types of trainings increased rearing activity in O-F, but EMF stimulation appeared most effective. Horizontal activity (walking) was not influenced by WBV, nor by EMF. In case of treadmill active exercise, however, the walking activity sharply increased. In this active test the over-stimulated movement is the forced walking itself, thus, this effect shows that a repetitively stimulated movement easily engraved in old age. WBV may decrease anxiety, since the treated rats paid more visits to the central area of O-F. WBV enhanced the differential attention in NOR and NPR. Similarly, EMF and active exercise also enhanced NOR (NPR was not measured). Long-term memory consolidation and retrieval in the passive avoidance test was slightly improved by WBV, while the EMF stimulation also caused a moderate improvement in this spatial learning test, based on long-term memory consolidation. Conclusions: WBV in the senescent age of rats enhances psychomotility, reduces anxiety and increases differential recognition of objects and place. Therefore, WBV may provide a promising alternative for physical activity regarding mental health at older age. Christy Donata, Regien Tamás Schoemarker Oroszi, Robbert Havekes, Eddy A. van der Zee Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is considered to be a modern plague on society. The repercussions of SD not only render individuals inept to maintain a functionally-and socially demanding life but also increase the risk of developing certain diseases. Studies have shown that a brief period of SD negatively impacts spatial memory; intriguingly, engaging in regular active exercise prior to one night of SD did not alter spatial memory. However, as not every individual is able to engage in active exercise, passive exercisenamely, whole-body vibration (WBV) -could be an alternative. WBV involves a vibrating device that stimulates mechanoreceptors in the skin and consequently the brain. As such, WBV could be implemented at one's convenience due to its straightforward design principle; e.g., in the seat or arm of a desk chair. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice will be divided into 4 groups (n=10): pseudo-WBV (placed on a platform without vibrations), WBV (sinusoidal vibration of 30 Hz, 1.9 g-force & amplitude of 0.05 mm), pseudo-WBV + SD, and WBV + SD. All groups will receive two daily sessions of 10 minutes for five days for a total of five weeks of their respective treatments. After the acquisition trial of the object location memory task (OLM), the mice will be sleep deprived for 6 hours via the gentle stimulation method. After 24 hours, the integrity of the animals' spatial memory will be investigated. Expected results: It is postulated that pseudo-WBV + SD would score the lowest on the OLM task, WBV would score the overall highest, and WBV + SD would not be significantly different from pseudo-WBV. Objective: This study could provide an innovative and non-invasive intervention to counteract the behavioral and cognitive drawbacks of SD. Therefore, the aim is to elucidate whether regular passive exercise could offset the negative effects of SD on learning & memory. Whole body vibration improves Alzheimer's disease pathology in the J20 mouse mode on AD pathology are still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of WBV on early AD pathology. Methods: Six months old male J20 mice and their wild type (WT) littermates were used to investigate the effect of WBV on Alzheimer's pathology and the healthy brain. Both J20 and WT mice underwent vibration (30 Hz) or pseudo vibration (0 Hz) treatment on a vibration platform. The vibration intervention consisted of 2x10 minutes low amplitude WBV sessions per day, five days per week for five weeks. After these five weeks, the balance beam test was used to assess motor performance. Brain tissue was collected to quantify immunomarkers of neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition as well as levels of neurotransmitters and growth factors. Results: At this young age J20 have a limited number of plaques. However, current data indicates a tendency of lower plaque load (in hippocampus, corpus callosum and cortex regions), as well as decreased neuroinflammation (in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, DGI and Hilus) in vibration treated J20 animals compared to their pseudo vibration controls. The balance beam showed a tendency of improved motor performance in vibration treated WT animals compared to their pseudo vibration controls. In accordance with the literature, an early plaque load and increased neuroinflammation were detected in J20 mice at the age of 5-6 months. The improvement in motor performance after vibration in WT mice is also in accordance with the literature. This data indicates that WBV may have a beneficial effect on the early progression of AD. As this research is still in progress, immunostainings for microglia (CD68), GFAP, BDNF and ChAT have been conducted, but data from these immunostainings still needs to be obtained. We expect that WBV will restore neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor levels in the J20 mice. We also expect that WBV could have an even stronger effect in middle-aged J20 mice having a higher plaque burden. With regard to adolescents, clinical trials are still scarce. Due to the inherent symptoms of depression (lack of energy, low motivation to exercise), endurance training forms could be too demanding especially in the first weeks of treatment. We hypothesized that an easy-to-perform passive muscular training on a whole body vibration (WBV) device has equal anti-depressive effects compared to a cardiovascular training, both administered as add-ons to treatment as usual (TAU). Secondly, we presumed that both exercise interventions would be superior in their response, compared to TAU. In 2 years 64 medication-naïve depressed inpatients aged 13-18, were included. Both exercise groups fulfilled a supervised vigorous training for 6 weeks. Depressive symptoms were assessed by self-report ("Depressions Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche" -DIKJ) before intervention and after weeks 6, 14 and 26. Results: Compared to TAU, both groups responded earlier and more strongly measured by DIKJ scores, showing a trend for the WBV group after week 6 (p=0.082). The decrease became statistically significant for both intervention groups after week 26 (p=0.037 for ergometer and p=0.042 for WBV). Remission rates amounted to 39.7% after week 6 and 66% after week 26, compared to 25% after week 26 in TAU. The results provide qualified support for the effectiveness of exercise as add-on treatment for medication-naïve depressed adolescents. The study underlines the equal effectiveness of a rather passive WBV-treatment compared to endurance training in treatment of adolecent depression. This is of particular importance given the diminished drive of this clientele. The present results are limited by the not randomized control group and the lack of an active placebo-intervention to filter out the unspecific factors as for instance attention or expectations. Another limitation is the limited number of subjects. Background: Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) is an exercise modality or prophylaxis/treatment method in which subjects are exposed to vibrations through a vibrating platform. The vibrations are defined by their direction, frequency, magnitude, duration and number of daily bouts. Subjects can be exposed while performing exercises, hold postures, sitting or lying down. Worldwide, WBV has attracted significant attention and the number of studies is rising consistently. To interpret, compare and aggregate studies, correct, complete and consistent reporting of WBV specific data (e.g., WBV parameters) is critical. Specific reporting guidelines aid in accomplishing this goal. There was a need to evolve existing guidelines because of continuous developments in the field of WBV research including but not limited to new outcome measures regarding brain function, cognition or neuroinflammation, modified design of WBV plates and attachments (e.g., mount a chair on a plate) or comparisons of animal and cell culture studies with human studies. As an international group of experts, we collaborated with the purpose to update and further develop reporting guidelines, which can be used additional to general guidelines like the Consort Statement or ARRIVE. The whole-body vibration (WBV) leads to increase angiogenesis and tissue granulation formation, and is linked to increasing pro-angiogenic growth factors. The authors evaluated whether WBV accelerates cutaneous wound healing in adult health male rats submitted to WBV. Fifty-four adult health male Wistar rats weighing between 301.0 and 389.0 grams were used. A fullthickness skin defect of 3.14 cm 2 was performed on the dorsal region of all rats under anesthesia. Rats were randomly divided into three groups encompassing 18 rats each according to treatment with saline solution 0.9% (G1), ointment composed with allantoin and zinc (G2), and saline solution 0.9% and the rats submitted to a single WBV by using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation (G3). All treatments were performed each 24 h during 21 days The WBV sessions were performed at same period of the day after 30 min of acclimation on top of the vibrating platform (turned off). Rats were placed inside of polyvinyl chloride pipes and fixed with polypropylene adhesive tape at the top of the vibrating platform during the WBV session. These pipes had an opening on their bottoms to allow rats' paws to touch the vibrating platform. The G3 Group was submitted to WBV protocol of single daily session at 40 Hz (3.37 mm peak displacement) for 30 min. Six rats in each group were subjected to euthanasia at seven days (7 dpw), 14 (14 dpw), and 21 days (21 dpw post wounding (21 dpw) for morphometric and morphological analysis of their wounds. The smallest wound area and the highest wound recovery percentage were recorded in rats of G3 group. The wounds of G3recorded the lowest wound depth at the 21dpw. There was identified a mononuclear inflammatory cell in rats of G3 at 7dpw, whereas rats of G1 and G2 groups presented majority of polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells in all evaluated time-points. Neovascularization was present in all time-points in G1 and G2 groups. Wounds of G3 group did not show neovascularization at 14 dpw and 21 dpw. Fibroplasia was identified in all times-point in rats of G1 and G2 groups, and only on 7dpw in rats of G3 group. Whole-body vibration (40 Hz, 30 min, daily) session by using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation improved cutaneous wound healing in health adult rats. Jousielle Background: Peripheral surgery can induce neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis, associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Neurons are thought to be protected by a collagencontaining perineuronal net (PNN). Whole body vibration (WBV) may affect collagen formation. We hypothesize that WBV after surgery can prevent neuronal damage by restoring collagen in the PNN, associated with preserved neurogenesis and reduced neuroinflammation. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats underwent major abdominal surgery. One day later, WBV (10 minutes twice a day) or physical exercise by treadmill running (30 minutes a day) started. Two weeks later, rats were sacrificed and brains were dissected and processed for (immune)histochemistry. Collagen positive areas in the hippocampus were analyzed in Sirius Red stained sections, while neuroinflammation and neurogenesis were measured in IBA-1-and Double Cortin stained sections, respectively. Results: Within the hippocampus, most pronounced effects were seen in the CA1 region. Surgery significantly decreased CA1 collagen level (23.9±1.3 versus 28.9±1.2%), which was fully prevented by WBV (29.0±1.5%). WBV significantly increased neurogenesis (4.29±0.21 versus 3.55±0.14 in control surgery rats). Accordingly, surgery increased CA1 microglia activity (5.4±0.5 versus 4.0±0.3%), which was partly restored by WBV (4.7±0.4%; p<0.1). Effects of physical exercise did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: WBV after surgery restored the surgery-induced decline in hippocampal collagen content. As this effect coincided with reduced neuroinflammation and improved neurogenesis, we suggest that WBV could prevent neuronal dysfunction after surgery by improving neuronal protection Introduction: Sarcopenia which is coded recently in the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) Clinical Modification (CM), is characterized by the gradual loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality in aging. Sarcopenia is a muscle disease (muscle failure) rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is quite complicated, and anabolic and catabolic process play important roles in the development of sarcopenia. Currently limited options were offered to counter muscle failure during sarcopenia, except for lifestyle therapies like healthy nutrition and exercise training, combined treatment of exercise and nutritional supplements (protein, vitamin D, creatine, amino acid and so on) showed some promising effects on muscle regeneration. Although community-based, wellrounded exercise programs have been proven to improve muscle mass and functional fitness, their efficacy in reversing sarcopenia has not been documented. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of a combination of well-rounded exercise and protein supplementation in improving body composition, physical function, and oxidative stress among sarcopenic elderly has yet to be determined. As reported in previous studies, Low-Magnitude, High-Frequency Vibration (LMHFV) and dietary Mg both showed positive effects on muscle metabolism, increase muscle mass and physical performance in elderly patients. Also, LMHFV and Mg were reported to have potential relationships with muscle hypertrophy pathway, suggesting some underlying mechanism of LMHFV and Mg on muscle maintenance may exist through medicating anabolic and catabolic process during sarcopenia. This study aims to assess comprehensively the combined effect of dietary nutrition intake (Mg) and mechanical loading to attenuate age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, power, and strength directly through physiological mechanisms. Methods: Senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice at month 6 were randomized into control (Con), vibration (VIB), Mg or Mg+VIB groups. The mice in the VIB group were given LMHFV (0.3 g, 35 Hz, 20 min/day, 5 days/week) treatment. Mg was administered to animals through oral gavage of 0.2 ml Mg solution in water at the dosage of 98 mg/ml/day, 5 days/week. Both LMHFV and Mg supplement were given in the Mg+VIB group. Ex-vivo functional assessment, immunohistochemical staining of myofibers (myosin heavy chain expression) and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were performed at month 0,2,3,4 posttreatment for all groups. In vitro, C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on 30mm dishes and divided into 10 groups in this study: (1) control, In vivo, at late stage in month 3 and 4, lean mass percentage and appendicular lean mass percentage in VIB groups were higher than control group. The mice in the VIB, Mg and combination groups showed significantly higher muscle strength and contractibility at month 3 ( Figure 1 ). In MHC staining, the combination group showed showed significantly fewer type I muscle fibers and more type IIa and IIb muscle fibers than the control group at 2 ( Figure 2 ). Also the combination group could highly increase the expression level of myoD, Myf-5, Myf-6, and myoG at month 2. Mg and combination groups increased mTOR, p85, Akt, pAkt translational expression significantly at month 3 and 4 ( Figure 3 ). In vitro, co-application of Mg and LMHFV did not show synergistic effect for increasing myotube formation. With the inhibition of PI3k/Akt/mTOR, both LY294002 and Rapamycin groups showed significantly lower myotube formation compared with Mg and LMHFV groups. Western blot results further substantiated the findings. Inhibition of p85 and mTOR abolished the enhancement effects of treatments. In this study, the results showed that LMHFV treatment could effectively increase muscle mass and enhance muscle function in SAMP8 sarcopenia mice, particularly showing dominant effect on muscle mass compared with other treatment groups. Oral Mg supplements did not show any changes in muscle mass, but could continuously increase muscle function and enhance type II muscle hypertrophy and suppress type I muscle fiber atrophy during sarcopenia. LMHFV or Mg treatment could enhance muscle proliferation and stimulate muscle growth by increasing MyoD and Myf5 expression via PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, but suppressing MAFbx and MuRF1 in vivo and in vitro. Combined treatment of LMHFV and Mg could show an addictive effect on suppressing type I fiber atrophy but increasing type II muscle hypertrophy, and no synergistic or addictive effect was shown on muscle contractile function, In vitro, Combination of LMHFV and Mg could enhance myoblast differentiation with acute effect on Myf5 and Myf6, inhibit upregulation of MAFbx and MuRF1 via PI3k/Akt/ mTOR pathway, which was consistent with LMHFV or Mg individually. Significance/Clinical Relevance: The combined treatment of Mg and LMHFV could be potential resolution on sarcopenic muscular changes, targeting muscle atrophy related PI3K/Akt/MTOR pathway. Whole body vibration improves core muscle strength and endurance in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: A randomized clinical trial Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Motor Impairments in Patients With Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review Whole-body vibration improves ankle References Whole body vibration exercise: Training and benefits Whole-Body Vibration Training in Workplace-Health Promotion: A Promising Intervention? Whole body vibration training as workplace based sports activity for employees with chronic back disorders Whole body vibration training as a workplace-based sports activity: a randomized, controlled trial Netzwerk: Vibrationstraining in der innerbetrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung in der Wasserwirtschaft Can long-term and regular use generate frequency and mode of vibration deviations in whole-body vibration training devices? Whole body vibration, cognition and the brain Vibration detection: its function and recent advances in medical applications Vibration detection: its function and recent advances in medical applications Impacto do treinamento sensório-motor com plataforma vibratória no equilíbrio e na mobilidade funcional de um indivíduo idoso com sequela de acidente vascular encefálico: relato de caso Intervenção fisioterapêutica na melhora do equilíbrio em idoso com diabetes mellitus tipo 2: uma revisão sistemática Vibrational stimulus in spasticity: a perspective of treatment Efeitos da plataforma vibratória no sistema musculoesquelético. Movimenta [Internet] 1mar Physical approach for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Avaliação do trofismo muscular e flexibilidade em membros inferiores após o uso da plataforma vibratória. R. Bras Efeito agudo da aplicação de vibração de corpo inteiro na força muscular de membros superiores Efeitos dos exercícios de vibração de corpo inteiro na flexibilidade e no nível da dor de mulheres com síndrome metabólica: um estudo piloto A estimulação vibratória em indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson: revisão de literatura Effect of long-term whole body vibration training on visceral adipose tissue: a preliminary report Skeletal muscle power: a critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults. Exercise and sport sciences reviews Association of fibromyalgia with altered skeletal muscle characteristics which may contribute to postexertional fatigue in postmenopausal women The results show that both, a traditional exercise programme supplemented with whole-body vibration training (WBV+EX) and a traditional exercise programme only (EX), improved muscle power in women with fibromyalgia. This may represent a key factor for improving functional capacity in this patient group. Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a vasospastic (vibration white finger), neurodegenerative (peripheral neuropathy) and musculoskeletal disease generated in workers by long-term hand contact with high magnitude vibration in the 30-250 Hz frequency range. Humans cannot feel vibration above 1000 Hz. This neurophysiological observation led to calculating the risk for HAVS with a frequency-weighted formula (European Standard ISO 5349). Unfortunately, this formula eliminates the very high acceleration energy from frequencies above 1250 Hz up to 50 kHz emitted as shockwaves from percussive impact tools. Although recognized clinically a century ago, the pathogenic mechanisms in humans remain poorly understood. Our rat tail vibration data permit discussion of plausible processes for HAVS. Vascular, neural and connective tissue cells are all injured by vibration. Injury of one promotes structural and functional injury of the others. A major unanswered question is "what occurs when the early signs of transient vasoconstriction and numbness and/or tingling become permanent HAVS disease". One hypothesis is that the tremendous regenerative capacities of these tissues account for the long latency between first exposure and permanent disease which onsets when these capacities are exhausted. The relevance of this discussion to stepping onto a vibrating platform for exercise and rehabilitation is that workers standing on vibrating platforms develop vibration white toe and neuropathy, and the sports/clinical vibration platforms have the capacity to replicate the magnitudes and frequencies linked to HAVS in the workplace. Horacio Sanchez-Trigo, Borja Sañudo Introduction: Skeletal muscle power is a strong predictor of functional capacity and health 1 . Fibromyalgia is associated with diminished muscle power 2 .Objective: To determine whether an 8-week exercise programme supplemented with whole-body vibration improves muscle power in women with fibromyalgia. Patients: Forty-six participants diagnosed with fibromyalgia (aged 58±8 years old, height 157±6 cm, weight 72±10 kg).Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to: (i) an exercise (EX) group (n=15) which performed twice-weekly exercise sessions (aerobic exercise, strengthening, and flexibility); (ii) an exercise (WBV+EX) group (n=15) with the same exercise therapy as EX, combined with 3 whole-body vibration training sessions a week (bilateral squats: 6-9 sets of 30 s with 45-s recovery between sets; and unilateral squat: 4-7 sets of 30 s, 30 Hz-4 mm); and (iii) a usual-care control (CON) group (n = 16). Power output was assessed with the back-squat exercise following an incremental load protocol. Changes in power output were examined using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among groups in power output changes (P=0'049). The changes in power experienced by WBV+EX, EX, and CON were 13'7±25'8 W, 21'2±37'7 W, and -18'7±27'1 W respectively. Post hoc analysis showed significant differences between WBV+EX and CON (P=0'035), and between EX and CON (P=0'021), but not between WBV+EX and EX (P=0,577). In the body, periodic stretching and shortening cycles of the muscle-tendon complex occur during vibration exposure. This is accompanied by cyclic changes in fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (PEN). However, little is known about the extent to which stretching and shortening depends on muscular tension and frequency. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to get an insight into vibration induced responses of FL and PEN at different frequencies and constant-force contractions. In addition, the influence of long-term bed rest on FL and PEN excursion was evaluated as well as the changes in static muscle architecture at different levels of contraction.Methods: 23 subjects performed the sinusoidal perturbation protocol before and after 60 days of bed rest. Countermeasure groups were iAG group (6 x 5 min centrifuge drive per day), cAG group (1 x 30 min centrifuge drive per day) and control group (no centrifuge drive). Ultrasound sequences of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were recorded while superimposing a series of 10 vibration frequencies (4-16 Hz) onto different levels of contraction (isometric plantar flexion at 0, 25, 50 and 75% MVC). The Response of FL and PEN was evaluated using a semi-automated tracking software (UltraTrack) and custom-made R-scripts. By means of perievent histograms the alteration of fascicle architecture was determined and expressed as excursion relative to the initial FL or PEN value (before the vibration sets in). Linear mixed effects models with all possible interaction terms were constructed and stepwise simplified. Significant effects were followed up by a-priori defined treatment contrasts. Reference level of contrast was 4 Hz, 0% MVC, control group and baseline data.Results: Excursion of FL and PEN was statistically significant smaller when muscle was contracted (FL: P<0.001 for 25 and 50% MVC, P<0.01 for 75% MVC; PEN: P<0.001 for 25% MVC and P<0.01 for 50% MVC). From 7 to 10 Hz there was a significant increase in excursion for pre-tensioned GM, especially for FL. After bed rest, excursion was significantly greater at 9 and 10 Hz vibration (P<0.05) for FL and at 8 Hz, 10 Hz (P<0.01) and 9 Hz (P<0.05) for PEN, respectively.In static muscle architecture, there was a statistically significant decrease in FL (P<0.001, all contraction levels) and an increase in PEN (P<0.05 for 25 % MVC, P<0.001 for 50 and 75% MVC) by increasing contraction level. Minor changes occurred in muscle thickness (MT). The main finding of this study was a significant resonance effect at 7-10 Hz vibration in contracted muscle. Resonance was even more evident after bed rest. No changes in the resonant frequency range were apparent across the levels of contraction. This is possibly due to an equivalent increase in damping properties and stiffness in the muscle as muscle activity elevates. It is also conceivable that the increase in excursion is a consequence of resonance within the natural tremor frequency. It is possible that the induced vibration causes the physiological tremor to resonate. However, the exact cause of this resonance effect is still unknown. Background: Physical exercise (PE) is associated with physical and mental improvement in many conditions. One of these conditions is recovery from surgery. Progression of (neuro)inflammation, changes in neurotrophic pathways and neurotransmitters levels like the 5-HT system are implicated to play an important role in therapeutic effects of PE. Low intensity whole body vibration (WBV) is a type of sensory stimulation, which may provide a passive alternative (passive exercise) for PE, but effects of WBV on the post-surgical recovery have not yet been investigated. Methods: Three months old male Wistar rats were subjected to standard abdominal or radio telemetry (HD-S10) transmitter surgery. After surgery, animals underwent WBV (2x10 minutes/ day, frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 200-250 micron) or treadmill running (30 min/day, 50-70% of Vo2 max) for 2 weeks. Cognition, mood and motor performance were evaluated during the 2 nd week. Baseline values of heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure were obtained by telemetry transmitters. After two weeks of training, acute hypotensive, bradycardia and hypothermic responses to the selective 5HT1A receptor agonist F15599 (0,25 mg/ml) were assessed.Results: Running exercise after surgery, but not control surgery or WBV after surgery, significantly increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased exploration in the Open Field. Cognitive flexibility was impaired in control surgery rats and normalized by running as well as WBV. Short-term memory and long-term learning/memory were not affected. Grip strength was improved by running, but not by WBV, after surgery. Both WBV and running attenuated the F15599-induced bradycardia and hypothermic response compared to controls, while a marginal hypotonic responses were induced only by running exercise, indicating decreased 5-HT1A receptor functionality.Conclusion: Our data indicated that effects of WBV after surgery on cognition and 5HT1A stimulation are comparable with those seen after physical exercise. Exercise, but not WBV, declined unprompted exploration activity but improved muscle strength. Despite the absence of muscle improvement, WBV may provide a safe alternative for physical exercise in recovery after surgery.