key: cord-0077470-ep5ibw21 authors: Youssef, Fadia S.; Ovidi, Elisa; Rai, Mahendra title: Editorial: Natural Product Based Drugs that Control Obesity and Other Disorders that Trigger and Provoke Inflammation date: 2022-04-12 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891496 sha: 417046ffcd3e738dd5e93b9de47dffb9f053e181 doc_id: 77470 cord_uid: ep5ibw21 nan abundance of Lactococcus was higher in the fermented extract while the unfermented extract displayed higher level of Bacteroides relative to HFD group that ultimately reflected that the differences in the ginsenosides profile in Panax notoginseng as well as the gut microbial composition greatly contributed to the anti-obesity properties of the fermented extract. In addition, the role of Mytilus edulis hydrolysate in the amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-galactosamine acute liver injury (LPS/D-GalN) and its consequent systemic inflammatory responses was discussed by Starikova et al. Mytilus edulis hydrolysate effectively protected mice versus LPS/D-GalN-triggered acute liver injury resulting in 100% survival rate upon constant administration of small doses of the drug in a subcutaneous pattern. The drug efficiently reduced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in activated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in vitro with concomitant elevation in Nitric Oxide (NO) formation by HUVECs. However, it reduced Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) expression as well as NO generation in murine peritoneal lavage cells. Furthermore, the ability of the extract to improve the endothelium barrier function and to decrease vascular permeability was evidenced in vitro via Electrical Cellsubstrate impedance Sensor (ECIS) and in vivo using Miles assay which further consolidated the concept of adopting Mytilus edulis hydrolysate in case of endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled inflammation. In another interesting paper, Li et al. deliberated the role of glycyrrhizin, commonly known metabolites from Liquorice, as a promising drug in the alleviation of colon cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia is considered as multifactorial symptom characterized by weight loss in addition to muscle wasting, resulted by many causes comprising decreased food intake, metabolic variation featured by, excessive catabolism and accompanied by inflammation (Biswas and Acharyya, 2020) . Exosomes containing (Extracellular high mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1) which is a crucial mediator incorporated in many acute and chronic inflammation pathogenesis led to muscle atrophy with a considerable reduction in myotube diameter and accompanied by an elevation in the expression of muscle atrophy-related proteins Atrogin1 and MuRF1 that play a main part in the occurrence and development of muscle wasting. HMGB1 stimulated the muscle atrophy mainly through TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, administration of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin could alleviates muscle wasting in vitro and attenuate the occurrence of cachexia in vivo. Furthermore, the effectiveness of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) leaf extract in the amelioration of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and the gastroprotective activity of its major flavonoid, quercetin 3-O-α-Larabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, Bp1 versus gastric lesions caused by indomethacin and ethanol and in vivo was highlighted by De Araújo et al. The extract effectively enhances the curing of gastric mucosa with considerable decrease in the ulceration index accompanied by enhancement of the antioxidant potential manifested by a pronounced elevation glutathione (GSH) levels and significant reduction in the levels of superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde (MDA). Concerning the anti-inflammatory markers, the extract significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) whereas the levels of interleukin 10 were increased in the extract treated animals that is further evidenced by the cytoprotective effect detected by the histological analyzes. Significant amelioration was observed in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers as well as the gastric lesions triggered by caused by indomethacin and ethanol upon treatment of the animals with 5 mg/kg of Bp1. However, the administration of the total extract displayed better results that undoubtedly relied upon the synergistic effect of all metabolites prevailing in the extract. Additionally, a systematic review conducted by Palla et al. evaluated the effectiveness of many polyherbal combinations to reduce the severity of metabolic syndrome. After clearing all the collected data obtained by electronic search from any duplications, a total of 41 studies were found 24 of which were conducted in animal models meanwhile 15 were performed as clinical trials related to metabolic syndrome. SPICE (S = setting; P = population; I = intervention/what; C = comparison/controls E = evaluation/with what result) and SPIDER (S = Sample; P = phenomenon of interest/ intervention; I = intervention size, D = design, E = evaluation/ outcome R = research type; qualitative, quantitative or mixed type) models were used to evaluate clinical trials. The potential polyherbal combinations together with validation of the animal studies via systematic qualitative and quantitative analyses was stressed and provided a future direction to implement further research to prohibit and management of metabolic syndrome by polyherbal combinations. In conclusion, this research topic consolidates the fact that the natural products can act as an everlasting mine offering new drug entities serving as drug leads for pharmaceutical industries combating obesity and chronic inflammation that are highly welcomed by many people all over the globe. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication. Understanding Cachexia in the Context of Metastatic Progression Obesity and Inflammation: the Linking Mechanism and the Complications Obesity Is a Disease": Examining the Self-Regulatory Impact of This Public-Health Message Natural Constituents from Food Sources as Therapeutic Agents for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases Targeting Adipose Tissue Inflammation Potential of Plant Bioactive Compounds as SARS-CoV Main Protease (Mpro) and Spike (S) Glycoprotein Inhibitors: a Molecular Docking Study Study of the Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Brachychiton Rupestris and Brachychiton Discolor Leaves (Malvaceae) Using In Vitro Models Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest We thank all the authors and reviewers for their contribution to the realization of this Research Topic.