key: cord-0050405-pelz3ygf
authors: nan
title: October 2020 New in Review
date: 2020-09-21
journal: J Acad Nutr Diet
DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.011
sha: 609cde508dac65798169ca7c33fa5f4ce0676d6e
doc_id: 50405
cord_uid: pelz3ygf

nan

Researchers analyzed how experiences with weight-related stigma and discrimination over the course of a lifetime are connected to physical activity among people with obesity. Using a social constructivist perspective for analysis, the researchers designed a retrospective biographical study, using a sample of 30 adults. The sample was drawn from southwest Germany by way of advertisements via the University Hospital Help Centre. Participants had to have a minimum body mass index (BMI) of 30 to be considered. The sample was 53% female, with a mean age of 37.66 years, spanning 25 to 59 years. Mean BMI was 40.56. Led by the researchers, participants were asked to reconstruct and assess past experiences with weight stigma and physical activity over the course of their life, so as to proceed from a (re)constructivist perspective. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining the individual narrative interviews with a rating-scaled graphic elicitation tool whereby the x-axis represented a chronological sequence of the events, and the y-axis the intensity on a scale of 0 to 10. Data collection was performed by specifically trained research assistants. Participants were actively engaged in the data input as well as the biographical narrative to generate insights into a specific generative mechanism of physical (in)activity. All data of the drawn graphs and curves were transferred into SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp, 2015) for statistical analysis. The quantitative analysis was supplemented with the qualitative data afforded by way of the interviews. The researchers' findings suggest a continuous decrease in physical activity from childhood to mid-adulthood, with weight-related discrimination in both sport and non-sport settings influencing this behavior.

The association of a sweetened beverage tax with changes in beverages prices and purchases at independent stores. Bleich S, Lawman H, LeVasseur M, et al. Health Aff. 2020 ; https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019. 015058.

Investigators evaluated the influence of a beverage tax on prices and purchases among independent stores and customers. A natural experiment was designed to address this, using a sample of 134 stores and 4,584 customer purchases. As intervention, the investigators used the January 1, 2017 implementation of a 1.5-cent-perounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Philadelphia, PA, with Baltimore, MD, serving as the untaxed control. Stores were included if independently owned and selling at least three of the beverages assessed by the tax. At baseline, customer demographics for the sample were 55.6% and 57.7% male in Philadelphia and Baltimore, respectively. Demographically, the customer bases of these stores were 27.4% and 16.6% White, 69.0% and 72.2% Black, 6.8% and 3.9% Hispanic, and 3.7% and 11.1% termed "Other" in Philadelphia and Baltimore, respectively, at baseline, before the tax implementation. The primary outcome sought was the change in mean beverage price in cents per ounce of the taxed and nontaxed beverages. The taxed beverages numbered 24, with a comparative list of seven nontaxed. The study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2017. The investigators conducted objective purchase assessments at both Philadelphia and Baltimore stores. Researchers stood outside participating stores on weekdays at three intervals: 8:00 to 10:30 AM, 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM, and 2:30 to 5:30 PM, for 60 days and queried customers on exit. Researchers recorded volumes, quantities, and prices for each item purchased, as well as demographic information and shopping frequency of the customers. Objective price data were obtained at the participating stores. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, 2013). The investigators report significant declines in purchases of the taxed beverages after the tax implementation.

Researchers examined the shape of sexspecific associations of dietary protein intake with 3-and 6-year changes in muscle mass and gait speed, as well as mobility limitation in older adults. A prospective cohort study was designed, using a sample of 2,052. The sample was drawn from participants in the Health ABC Study, which began in 1997. Participants were recruited from a random sample of Medicare-eligible residents of Memphis, TN, and Pittsburgh, PA. Participants were eligible if free of difficulty walking one quarter mile and climbing 10 steps. Participants were excluded if missing relevant data for the study or if they dropped out during the 6-year project. The sample was 48.5% male, 51.5% female, 63.8% White, 36.2% Black, and had a mean age of 74.6 years. Body composition was measured annually by dual x-ray absorptiometry scans (Hologic 4500A, version 8.20a), with usual gait speed used as an objective measure of physical function. Participants were asked to walk a 20-minute course at their normal pace. Absolute 3-and 6-year changes in gait speed were calculated by subtracting baseline speed from follow-up measurements. Mobility limitation was used as a subjective indicator of physical function and defined as two consecutive reports of difficulty walking the quarter mile or climbing 10 steps. Dietary intake was assessed using a 108-item, interviewer-administered version of the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary protein intake was expressed in grams per kilogram of adjusted body weight daily. Demographic variables were collected via a questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., 2019) and R version 3.6.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2019). Researchers report that in women, higher protein intake was associated with less appendicular lean mass loss over years, but not over 6, or with gait speed decline.

Prompting consumers to make healthier food choices in hospitals: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Allan J, Powell D. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00990-z.

Researchers tested the effects of point-ofpurchase prompts (PPPs) specifically designed to facilitate product comparison by displaying food products in order from highest to lowest energy content. A twoarm cluster, randomized controlled trial was designed to test this, using a sample of 30 hospital food shops in Scotland. The sample included food shops owned by one national retailer, the Royal Voluntary Service. Shops were eligible if selling snack food, located in a hospital, and accessible to staff, patients, and visitors. The targeted behavior was the purchase of 230 different single-serve snack items deemed unhealthy, including confectionary, fruit, dried fruit snacks, crisps, savory snacks, cereal bars, pre-portioned cakes, muffins, and tray-bakes. The 12-week intervention was a PPP in the form of a display sign near shop shelves. The sign displayed the available single-serve snacks in order from lowest calorie to highest, with a picture of the item and number of calories. The PPP was designed by a multidisciplinary team of psychologists and dietitians. The PPP also had in print: "If you are trying to eat less, then choose a snack from the left." The shops in the sample were classified by annual revenue in three levels: low, medium, and high. Fifteen of the shops were randomized to the intervention and 15 to the control. The primary outcome was the average energy content of products consumed each day, with secondary outcomes including average fat and sugar content of products purchased per day, as well as the average cost of each product purchased and the number of products purchased. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 (IBM, 2017). The researchers report that snacks purchased from the intervention sites were on average lower in calories and sugar at follow-up, but there was no effect on fat content or number of units sold.

Enhanced long-term dietary change and adherence in a nutrigenomicsguided lifestyle intervention compared to a population-based (GLB/ DPP) lifestyle intervention for weight management: Results from the NOW randomized controlled trial. Horne J, Gilliland J, O'Connor C, et al. BMJ Nutr Prevent Health. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjnph-2020-000073.

hypothesized that a nutrigenetic-based weight management intervention would motivate greater dietary change relative to a populationbased weight management intervention. A randomized controlled trial using a sample of 140 participants was designed to test this question. Participants were recruited through health care professional referrals in Ontario, Canada, between April 2017 and September 2018.

Inclusion criteria were BMI equal to or greater than 25.0; 18 years or older; English-speaking; willing to undergo genetic testing; access to the Internet; not presently working with another health care provider toward a weight loss goal. The sample had a mean age of 54.95 years, was 81.1% female, 97.85% White, and had a mean BMI of 37. The sample was divided into control and intervention groups, both with 70 participants. Both treatments lasted 12 months and incorporated elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) group served as control and received only the population-based weight loss intervention, whereas the GLBþNGx group received the same intervention in addition to the modified nutrigenomics component. The GLB group received instructions to follow a calorie-controlled, moderately low-fat nutrition plan. The GLBþNGx group received that in addition to personalized information relating to resting metabolism and specific calorie deficits recommended for weight loss. The intervention group was also advised to focus on the macronutrient recommendations as highlighted in their genetic report. All participants tracked food and beverage consumption by way of food records. Genotyping was performed by way of Oragene ON-500 saliva collection kits (DNA Genotek, Ottawa, Canada). Single nucleotide polymorphisms of interest included: UCP1 (rs1800592), FTO (rs9939609), TCF7L2 (rs7903146), APOA2 (rs5082), PPARy2 (rs1801282), and MC4R (rs17782313). Change in dietary intake was a predetermined secondary outcome and was measured using validated multiple-pass methods at baseline and at the 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month points. Statistical analysis was performed using SSPS version 26.0 (IBM, 2019). The investigators report that only the GLBþNGx group significantly reduced total fat intake between baseline and the 12-month follow-up. , 2013) . The authors report no overall impact of the legislation on obesity, but for children in poverty, the risk of obesity fell substantially each year after its implementation.

Global incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alsaied A, Islam N, Thalib L. BMC Pediatr. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02231-5

The authors assessed the global incidence of necrotizing entercolitis (NEC) in verylow-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. A systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to study this issue, using 27 cohort studies involving 574,692 neonates. The sample included eight studies from the United States; four from China, Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia; three from Australia; one from the Middle East; one from India; and 10 from Europe. Eligible studies included cohort-or population-based studies of newborns, including registry data, both prospective and retrospective, studies reporting the number, and studies including the frequency or incidence of confirmed NEC in preterm infants or VLBW infants along with appropriate denominator. Excluded were studies with unclear case definitions of NEC, randomized controlled trials, experimental studies, and case series in which no denominator data are available to compute the incidence. The search was conducted between September 2018 and December 2019 and included PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the African Index Medicus Database, Latin America and Caribbean Center of Health Science

International, Open Grey, IndMED: KoreaMED, Virtual Health Library, National Library of Australia, and Social Care Online. Search terms included enterocolitis, necrotizing, epidemiology, incidence, cohort studies, population-based studies, epidemiological data, prematurity, very low birth weight, clinical study, cohort analysis, and human. Analysis was performed using MetaXL and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3, 2013). The authors report that seven of 100 VLBW infants in neonatal intensive care units are likely to develop NEC, although considerable heterogeneity was found between studies.

The relationship between overweight and overactive bladder symptoms. Hagovska M, Svihra J, Bukova A, et al. Obes Facts. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1159/000506486.

The authors investigate the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and the severity of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms by assessing the impact on quality of life in a group of young, overweight women. A cross-sectional study of 206 participants was designed for the project. The sample was 100% female and recruited from two universities in Slovakia. Eligibility criteria included being enrolled students, nulliparous female, aged 18 to 35 years, a BMI between 25 and 29.9. Exclusionary criteria were infection of the urinary tract, surgical treatment of gynecological and urological illness, and symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Mean age of the sample was 30.6 years, with a mean BMI of 25.8. The study was conducted between March and September 2018. All participants completed a screening questionnaire at the point of application to collect demographic data. Body composition analysis was performed using a 230 BioSpace body composition analyzer, with measurements including BFP, visceral fat area, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. Participants used a voided diary that evaluated voided volume, number of voidings per 24 hours, voided volume during the day, daytime frequency, voided volume during the night, and nocturia. Data for 3 days and average values were calculated. The OAB questionnaire was used to determine the symptoms of urgency urinary incontinence, the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale to determine severity, and the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale for qualitative measures. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM, 2013) . The authors report that young women with a BFP greater than 32% were 95% more likely to have OAB than their peers.

Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to "huff and puff"? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Johansson M, Sogaard K, Prescott E, et al. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020; https://doi.org/1 0.1186/s12966-020-00985-w.

Researchers investigated the relationship between sedentary behavior, walking, and high-intensity physical activity (HIPA), and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults and older adults. A cross-sectional compositional data analysis of data collected as part of the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) was designed to address this question, using a sample of 1,053 participants. Participants from the fifth examination of the CCHS conducted between October 2011 and February 2015 were invited to participate. Eligibility criteria included having 5 more days of measurements with 16 hours or more of accelerometer recordings per 24-hour day; no use of antihypertensive diuretics or cholesterollowering medications; and no missing variables. The 1,053-participant sample contained 773 adults younger than age 65 years, and 280 adults older than 65. The cohorts were 58.73% and 55% female, with a median age of 48.26 and 72.7 years, respectively. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic status, health, diet, and medication use. Participants were examined at the CCHS test center in the Capital Region of Denmark for height, weight, waist circumference, and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol. Acceleratorbased measurements of physical behaviors were obtained by way of two tri-axial accelerometers, ActiGraph GT3Xþ, (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL). The software package MATLAB-software Acti4 (National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to derive the time spent lying, sitting, standing, moving, walking, climbing stairs, running, cycling, and rowing. Physical behavior was defined as time in minutes per 24-hour day spent in sedentary behavior (ie, sum of lying and sitting), standing, moving, walking, HIPA, running, cycling, and rowing. The outcomes sought were systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio version 1.1.463 (RStudio, Boston, MA, 2018) and R version 3.5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2019). The researchers report findings that suggest less sedentary behavior and more walking is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults, whereas HIPA types are associated with lower risk among all adults.

Dietary interventions for healthy pregnant women: A systematic review of tools to promote a healthy antenatal dietary intake. Beulen Y, Super S, de Vries J, et al. Nutrients. 2020;12 (7):1981.

The investigators sought a review of tools to be integrated into antenatal care for promotion of healthy dietary behavior in healthy pregnant women. A systematic review of the literature was designed to address this issue, using a sample of 17 published papers. The sample consisted of 12 randomized controlled trials and five formative evaluations. Six of the studies were conducted in Australia, five in the United States, and six in Europe. Eligibility criteria included journal articles describing at least one tool potentially used by health care providers to promote healthy dietary intake in healthy, pregnant women; and articles published in Western countries. Databases used in the search were PubMed and Web of Science. Data extracted included general characteristics and relevant outcome measures. Reference management software Mendeley Desktop version 1.19.5 (Mendeley, 2019) was used during screening and Microsoft Excel 2016 in the data extraction. Data were analyzed through a narrative synthesis. The investigators report findings suggesting that custom tools that are sensitive to inequalities are needed to support a diversity of women in obtaining and maintaining a healthy diet during pregnancy. 

Comparative effectiveness of glucoselowering drugs for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network metaanalysis. Tsapas A, Avgerines I. Ann Intern Med. 2020; https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0864.

Influence of cinnamon on glycemic control in subjects with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Romeo G, Lee J, Mulla C, et al. J Endocr Soc. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa094.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Volunteering and subsequent health and well-being in older adults: An outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Kim E, Whillians A, Lee M, et al. Am J Prevent Med. 2020; 59(2) :176-186.

Effect of probiotic use on antibiotic administration among care home residents: A randomized clinical trial. 

Economic benefit of dieteticnutritional treatment in the multidisciplinary primary care team. Casas-Agustench P, Megias-Rangil I, Babio N. Nutr Hosp. 2020; https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03025.

Long-term development effect of withholding parenteral nutrition in pediatric intensive care units: A 4-year follow-up of the PEPaNIC randomized controlled trial. Jacobs A, Dulfer K, Eveleens R, et al. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(7):503-514.

Home enteral nutrition in adults: nationwide multicenter survey

ONCOLOGY The role of diet in cancer prevention and chemotherapy efficacy

PEDIATRIC Obesity treatment among adolescents: A review of current evidence and future directions

Tummy Time," and screen time at 6 and 12 months of child age: A 3-group randomized clinical trial

Veganism and pediatric food allergy: Two increasingly prevalent dietary issues that are challenging when co-occurring

Change, predictors and correlates of weight-and health-related quality of life in adolescents 2-years following bariatric surgery

The dynamic relationship between asthma and obesity in school-children

Identification of temporal condition patterns associated with pediatric obesity incidence using sequence mining and big data

Becoming your healthiest self: An eatwell, get-fit, feel-great guide for teens

Pediatric to adult transitions of ketogenic dietary therapy for epilepsy

Maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status, methylmercury exposure, and birth outcomes in a high-fish-eating mother-child cohort

POLICY & ADVOCACY Cardiorespiratory fitness in youth: An important marker of health: A scientific statement from the

Position statement-European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO): Obesity and COVID-19: The two sides of the coin

Dietitians Australia position statement on telehealth

PUBLIC HEALTH Nutrition regulates innate immunity in health and disease

Health impact and cost-effectiveness of volume, tiered, and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened beverage tax policies in the United States: A microsimulation study

Dietary micronutrients in the wake of COVID-19: An appraisal of evidence with a focus on high-risk groups and preventative healthcare

Observational study of the associations in high school football with self-rated health, obesity, and pain in adulthood

the United States: Differences by region and rurality

RENAL NUTRITION Effect of dietary potassium restriction on serum potassium, disease progression, and mortality in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Keeping the diet simple and natural in chronic kidney disease: A South African-based dietary infographic

The efficacy of prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic supplementation in modulating gut-derived circulatory particles associated with cardiovascular disease in individuals receiving dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

RESEARCH Association between adult acne and dietary behaviors: Findings from the NutriNet-Sante Prospective Cohort Study

Human milk oligosaccharide profiles and allergic disease up to 18 years

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Body mass index and risk for intubation or death in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective cohort study

Effects of Vitamin D supplementation on general and central obesity: Results from 20 randomized controlled trials involving apparently healthy populations

Association between chocolate consumption and risk of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Physical activity associations with bone mineral density and modification by metabolic traits

SCHOOL NUTRITION Association of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act with dietary quality among children in the US

):359fat mass (RFM): Association with mortality in NHANES

COVID-19 and the role of chronic inflammation in patients with obesity

Dietary intake and biomarkers of linoleic acid and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Quality improvement pilot study of the Living Your Best Weight Program: A health at every size approach

Association between plant and animal protein intake and overall and causespecific mortality

Vitamin D supplements for prevention of tuberculosis infection and disease

Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID-19 disease

WOMEN'S HEALTH Obesity and cardiovascular disease in women

Promoting cardiovascular health for African American women: An integrative review of interventions

Fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome following bariatric surgery