key: cord-0048624-8qndhj9s authors: nan title: News Item date: 2020-08-11 journal: Acoust Aust DOI: 10.1007/s40857-020-00199-x sha: 80f49488f404a9a3b33822ac07d37ad575b4544c doc_id: 48624 cord_uid: 8qndhj9s nan This issue of the journal comprises a diverse range of papers. A particular one of relevance in the Australian context is the review paper on wind turbine noise by Davy, Burgemeister, Hillman and Carlile. It is refreshing to receive an article based upon a report for an Australian government agency. A lot of work goes into such commissioned reports and the adaption of the content for a review article in a journal ensures that it will be more easily accessed by other researchers using the various search engines. We not only have such a review article but also an item in this front section of a Forum Note from the NSW EPA in relation to the challenging assessment of low frequency noise. Also included in the forum is an article from an acoustics historian working in Argentina documenting the early history of noise abatement efforts in Australasia. It is ironic that in this year of the pandemic and cancellation of physical meetings, the concept of this article arose from discussions between the editor and the author, at an international meeting over a coffee, of the similarities of low frequency noise propagation over long distances from mining in rural areas. And the irony continues in that the work on the forum article was only done because the pandemic meant that the author was forced to spend time at home. I hope that this article may inspire others to research and document the early acoustics work in Australia. This is especially important as the AAS approaches 50-year anniversary in 2021. Of particular importance to those in the academic world are the journal rankings released in mid 2020 for the year 2019 and which are determined in various ways related to citations and number of reads. While the preference for certain ranking systems varies around the world, in Australia there is more reliance on the scores by Scimago Journal Ranking (scimagojr. com) within the "Acoustics and Ultrasonics" group. We are therefore delighted that Acoustics Australia has increased its ranking to number 24 in the listing which puts it into Q2 ranking grouping. We also note with interest that approximately 50% of the cited articles from 2019 are in the topic of underwater acoustics. We look forward to further improvements, but that of course relates to the quality and citations for the articles published. Since the time of writing my last message from the President the world has changed quite a bit. A lot of us work procedures and physical separation. While it has been a tough time for everyone, I'm hoping that we are also searching for and focussing on the positives. For me, it has been an increased uptake of video conferencing to eliminate the need for interstate travel, and therefore enabling me to spend more time with my family. Working from home has its challenges especially with the disruptions provided by my young children, but the positive is that I get to see them for an extra hour each day. The source parameters of Irrawaddy dolphins' echolocation click in the Bay of Brunei were estimated. Analysis of eight parameters shows that the Irrawaddy dolphins produce broadband clicks had a mean peak-to-peak apparent source level (ASLpp) of 116.5 ± 15.2 kHz, a mean centroid frequency of 115.4 ± 13.9 of 100.9 ± 20.3 kHz. Foraging behaviour was characterized by the high movement of the animals in various directions with no obvious pattern and frequent deep dives. The source parameters of the Brunei Bay Irrawaddy dolphins' clicks from the present study were compared to those of the populations in Bangladesh and Thailand. The apparent source level and frequency range of clicks for the population in Brunei Bay were wider than those of the population in Bangladesh and Thailand. The variations in the measured parameters might be due to environmental factors or behaviour related. To solve the beamforming performance degradation problem of the towed linear array caused by the shape distortion, we propose a robust beamforming way for distorted towed linear array. The proposed method basically uses the segmented processing, which can be divided into 3 steps. Firstly, towed linear array is divided into sub-arrays. Then, the weights of subarrays are obtained and outputs of beamforming of sub-arrays are obtained. In the end, according to the principle of the product theorem, the correlation calculations are performed on the output of the sub-array. Due to the adoption of sub-array correlation calculations, the proposed method can upgrade beamforming performance. Compared with the traditional distortion array processing method, the proposed method can improve the local signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) by about 2-3 dB. Simulation and sea trial data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Yunis Torun 1 , Özhan Pazarci 2 A statistical energy analysis (SEA) model of a 510 l capacity refrigerator is used to calculate the sound pressure level generated in a reverberation room. This is a reliable indicator of the vibroacoustic performance of the refrigerator, and it is in some countries as a pre-commercialization test. The main contributions of the SEA model are the characterization of the refrigerator structure (three-layer: HIPS, polyurethane foam and steel) and the modelling of important components such as internal chambers or ventilation gratings. The simulation results are successfully compared with laboratory measurements. The SEA model is then used to understand the vibroacoustic behaviour of the refrigerator and to establish the most critical transmission paths and radiation mechanisms. is to study the layered media structures such as soil, snow. The media structures related with using non-ideal components are given in this paper. It has been demonstrated that there are practice. The paper presents the signal processing algorithms to compensate the effects of non-ideal components of an acoustic due to the non-ideal nature of the transmit-receive chain. The after artifacts compensation to study the layered structures has been demonstrated using experiments conducted in a full anechoic room. The classical transfer path analysis (TPA) method has become a standard measurement method. It has high accuracy but remains a time-consuming and complex measurement, which limits its application in industry. The operational transfer however, the accuracy of this method for industrial application is controversial. To separate the intake and exhaust noises in the vehicle, this study presents a novel TPA method called simulated operational path analysis (SOPA). The transmissibility from the reference point to the target response point is estimated by using an external noise source to simulate the intake and exhaust noises under operating condition. In addition, the improved dualmicrophone noise reduction technology is used to eliminate the background noise in the reference response. The method is validated by an experimental bench. The result shows that its high accuracy can be compared with the classical TPA method. Because there is no need to use a special miniature volume source to estimate the passive subsystem frequency response of the SOPA method is higher than the classic TPA method and is close to the OTPA method. This work examines experimentally the absorption characteristics of empty plastic water bottles. It focuses on the three common sizes of bottles widely available in the Saudi market (1500, 600 and 330 ml). Measurements were performed according to ISO 354 and ISO 9613-1 standards in the reverberation chamber. Three systematic groups of measurements were performed, each of which examined only one of the three categories. Each group included four tests with a predetermined density (number of bottles per square meter) and alignment. The impact of combining the three sizes of impact of the bottles' position and alignment were investigated. Results demonstrated that water bottles are not a true Helmholtz resonator, as there is more than one resonance frequency for each category. Nevertheless, their fundamental frequencies can be predicted with a certain degree of accuracy, by applying the equation for true Helmholtz resonators. Results showed that the absorption is directly proportionate to the density and the bottle volume. Using either medium or small water bottles alone does not yield a remarkable absorption, unlike large or mixed bottles, which give the best results. Sand has almost no effect on the absorption of sound. Finally, results demonstrate that a remarkably higher level of absorption is achieved in the mid-and high-frequency ranges by placing the 1500-ml bottles onto the measures of absorption are not too high, results of the combined volumes seem promising. Further investigation to improve this absorption is required. Noise may cause hearing damage and delayed growth and development in newborns in neonatal intensive care units. Hence, it is necessary to reduce noise in these environments. Training and use of visual signs have been investigated as the interventional strategies with the aim of reducing noise level and exposure in neonatal intensive care units. This quasiexperimental study (before and after design) was conducted in the NICU of Birjand University of Medical Sciences Hospital (BUMSH NICU). According to ISO9612 standard, equivalent and maximum noise level in the NICU was measured by a calibrated different shifts. Subsequently, the training and visual signs and maximum noise level were calculated between 43.5-69.2 and 55.3-79.2 dBA, respectively, which is above the standards recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Staff conversation, equipment and alarms were among the main sources of noise pollution. The equivalent noise level showed meaningful reduction before and after the interventions (personnel training and visual signs usage) at night. Noise in our NICU was greater than the recommended sound levels of 45 dBA. However, training and visual signs interventions seemed effective in reducing noise levels, particularly during the night future research is recommended to determine personality traits in healthcare professionals and promote a culture of silence. Acoustics Australia Vol. 48, No. 2, August 2020 Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco co Aco A Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco c c Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco A Ac Aco Aco A Aco A A A Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco Aco co Ac Aco A A A A Aco Ac Aco Aco Aco c co Aco co A A Aco A Aco Aco A A A A Aco co Aco Aco A A Aco Aco Aco A A Aco c c co o A A Ac c c al a a a al a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 4 48 No No No N No No No N No No No N No No No No N No No N N No o No No N No N N No o N N N No N No o N No N N N N N N N No No N N N N N N No No o o No o o N N N N No N N N N N No o N N N N N N N No o No 2 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 A Au ugu ugu u ugu ugu u ugu ugu ugu gu gu u ugu ugu ugu u u ugu ugu gu g g g g ugu u u u u u u ugu u u ug gu ugu u u gu u u u u ugu gu ugu u u u u u u ug gu u gu u u u u u u u ug g gu g g gu u u u u u u ugu ugu u ugu ugu ugu ugu ust st st t 2020 is turning out to be a more challenging year than anyone could have ever anticipated. Whilst we all weather the storm in differing ways the AAS stands firm and remains committed to assisting acousticians as it has consistently since 1964. Member numbers have increased and at the time of writing this the AAS currently has 734 members. This shows a steady increase in membership and reinforces that the AAS is here to stay despite current economic sentiment. Conference proceedings and AAS archival documentation has been successfully digitised. All available conference proceedings can be found under the 'Publications' menu on the new AAS website at www.acoustics.org.au It is only because of the generosity of members that this has been possible with copies of conference proceedings being sent to the AAS office from all over the world to complete the AAS resource library and secure this font of knowledge for members and generations to come. Members have embraced the new website and are enjoying the increased functionality. The initial teething period was tolerated well by all involved and the bulk of feedback from members is very positive. It is anticipated that over the next year there will still be some bugs to work out of the system and your patience is requested whilst we navigate our way through this. A Frequently Asked Questions page has been installed under the 'Membership' menu and is available after logging in. This page can assist members with answers to the most commonly asked questions so far and will be added to over time. Members are encouraged to list themselves in the publicly available 'Find a Member' section so that prospective clients can find suitably qualified acousticians and so that regulatory authorities can confirm AAS membership easily. If you are not listed, please visit the 'My preferences' tab on your profile page and select your 'Listing preferences'. Online tech talks have been well frequented with members and non-members from all over the world joining in on the presentations. The AAS is hoping to recommence physical technical meetings in the near future. Keep an eye out for more information on this topic via the website as COVID 19 restrictions are relaxed. The Federal Council meeting scheduled for July will see a range of topics tabled and discussed. The AAS has consulted legal counsel and it has been indicated that some changes need to be made to the association structure to comply with modern times and provide required flexibility moving forward. Reviewing procedures and operations regularly is an essential component of good governance and allows the Federal Council to ensure that members' needs, and the Society's legal requirements, are met properly. Members will be kept up to date with any proposed changes and consulted accordingly. Submissions for Research and Education Grants are closing on July 31st. The AAS continues to support research in acoustics regardless of the global uncertainty with individual grants of up to $50,000 a year available to successful applicants. As a learned association, continual research and development is essential and allows AAS members to stay current and informed. Finally, I wish all AAS members the very best in these unusual times. Stay safe, stay healthy and enjoy your time at home. QLD division activities have been restricted due to COVID-19. We are hoping to resume activities when restrictions have been lifted. Even with the restrictions in place, the NSW Division was able to a hold a technical talk via Zoom in May, which was a presentation by Matthew Ottley from Marshall Day Acoustics on the "Acoustic design of the Sydney Coliseum Theatre". The presentation went through the acoustic design challenges for the Sydney Coliseum Theatre at West HQ, which is a 2,000 seat performing arts venue in Western Sydney. Matthew went through various stages of the project and the ranges of acoustic issues that were faced for a venue that was being designed to cater for a large range of performance types. The presentation was very well attended, with up to 59 people in attendance, with attendees from as far away as South Africa joining in. It even included a good Q&A session at the end, with everyone's recent experience of using online chats in video calls coming in handy. It was also a good trial of the registration system for the new website, which worked well for both attendees and the organiser. Again, a great thank you goes to Mattia Tabacchi for arranging and coordinating the meeting. Whilst the AAS Joint Meeting with the Acoustical Society of New Zealand has been postponed from this November until 2022, the NSW Division is still moving ahead with hosting the Acoustical Society of America in 2021 in Sydney. However, as can be expected we are constantly monitoring the situation. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the WA Division committee held an on-line Zoom meeting in late May in order to discuss future events and general committee issues. It has been agreed that this year's WA Division Seminar/Symposium will be held on-line in September/October, with the Annual General Meeting to be held on-line on a separate date. There are plans in motion to hold a couple of on-line technical meetings prior to the Seminar/Symposium. WA members will receive e-mail notification and log-in details for these on-line events closer to the date. Given that the COVID-19 restrictions in WA have now been mostly lifted, it is likely that a social event will be held in the coming months to allow members to catch-up in person. Further information will be provided in due course. The WA Division committee looks forward to increasing division activity and participation through to the end of 2020. Unfortunately, the Victoria Division had to suspend its activities due to the pandemic. We are keeping an eye on the situation and will resume activities when the situation improves. In the meantime, please all keep safe. Although the South Australian Division has suspended its activities due to the pandemic there are two news items. The South Australian Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is currently undertaking a review of the Environment Protection (Noise) Policy 2007. This policy provides the legal framework for the assessment of noise issues, including domestic and non-domestic noise. The noise policy discussion paper was released on May 6th, 2020 for stakeholder engagement and has been prompted by the introduction of the Local Nuisance and Litter Control Act 2016 and the Planning Development and Infrastructure Act 2016. The introduction of the two Acts has impacted the way that noise and land use are managed in South Australia and therefore the noise policy is subject to review and changes as required to align with the new Acts. Submission deadline was 1 July however the paper can be viewed at Noise-Policy-Discussion-Paper.pdf A refurbishment of the Engineering Acoustics and Vibrations Laboratory at the University of Adelaide is underway. The laboratory was first built in 1964 and now, more than 50 years on, the refurbishment works will provide the University with a research and testing facility suitable for the requirements of modern testing standards. Reapor is a sound absorbing panel made from recycled glass granules, suitable for a wide range of applications where effective noise reduction is required -especially in areas with high humidity or fire concerns. Reapor panels are non-combustible and suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. In response to the current Covid-19 situation, the Professional Education in Acoustics Program is currently offered at a 20 per cent discount for each module. The short course, offered by the University of New South Wales with the support of AAAC, is a great way to update your skills in these uncertain times and for each module obtain a UNSW Short Course certificate and an AAAC Industry Diploma at the completion of four modules. For those who have previously registered but not completed a module we encourage you to use any spare time you have to improve your qualifications and knowledge at this time. The Special 2020 registration fees apply to:-Module 1 General Principles of Acoustics -prerequisite for other modules $770+GST Module 5 Vibration is in the final review stage and will soon be available. For more information on the program see https://aaac.org.au/ Education/ and any questions email education@aaac.org.au. As part of our ongoing commitment to encouraging diversity in our field, the AAAC will be profiling acoustical consultants to showcase role models. If you'd like to be profiled, or know someone who is forging new paths in the sector, please email jenny@rhetoricpr.com.au or execmember@aaac.org.au. One aspect of the AAAC's work is to provide Guidelines for government, industry and acoustical consultants indicating best practice. Here's a list of Guidelines which are ready to download: In 2019, the AAAC launched a successful crowdfunding campaign 'Designing workplaces that work' to fund a groundbreaking research project aimed at transforming the way we think about workplace acoustic design in relation to the impact on productivity and wellbeing of employees. Initial raw data is now being evaluated by Dr Libby Sander and her team at Bond University, with outcomes to be presented via a technical paper in late 2020. To download our Guidelines or become a member go to www. aaac.org.au. To join the conversation and get current industry news follow the AAAC LinkedIn Page, which now has nearly 1,000 followers. The International Year of Sound 2020 (IYS 2020), an activity that the ICA has been working on for many years, came into existence at the opening in Paris on 31 January 2020. Soon after this opening it became clear that the impact of COVID-19 would curtail the outreach events that had been planned throughout the year and around the globe. The logical decision was for the IYS will be a two years celebration. So, the celebration of IYS has adapted with the continuation and extension of some of the key activities plus the introduction of some new different activities that cope with the restrictions that apply around the world. The website, www.sound2020.org, continues to be fundamental to the IYS. The home page provides the links to the event calendar (currently 109), the resources and special projects (currently 36), the student competition plus news and reports. It not only provides information but also stores reports for the future. On average there are about 4500 unique visitors and over 20,000 page views each month, so despite or because of COVID-19, the site is a valuable resource. The opening of the IYS 2020 on the evening of 29 January 2020 in the Grand Amphitheatre of the Sorbonne was an outstanding success. The efforts of Jean Dominique in liaison with the Sorbonne was critical to the success of this event. Representation from a range of premier international and national scientific organisations, coupled with cultural performances provided a worthy event. One photo of historic value is reproduced below and shows those who have guided the IYS to fruition over almost a decade. JOB DONE. For noise measurement surveys, you need a sound level meter solution that gets your job done faster, easier and problem-free. The new B&K 2245 gives you absolute confidence and control through user-friendly mobile apps and functionality tailored for your task, including customizable checklists, sound isolation markers, on-site analysis, photo embedding, and more. B&K 2245 is type approved by PTB. To simplify your job-to-do, visit www.bksv.com/2245 Brüel & Kjaer Australia Telephone: +61 2 9889 8888 · Fax: +61 9889 8866 Email: auinfo@bksv.com In conjunction with the International Year of Sound, a partner organisation, La Semaine du Son, has launched a competition for tertiary FOR SOUND!". The aim of this competition is to encourage students specializing in space design to collaborate with students specializing in sound by developing thoughts on the sound design of our living spaces, beyond the question of noise control, in order to imagine the soundscapes of to-morrow's public places. So this competition is open for students of architecture, urban planning, landscape, design, art, engineering, audio engineering, music, engineering, design, etc. The atmospheres of public squares, places of living together, of gatherings and of popular protest are changing regarding their uses. What sounds will they have in 40 years? What forms will they take in a world profoundly affected by climate change and a growing demand for physical and social interactions, in response to the widespread use of connected technologies and objects, supposed to better connect us? Will the squares still be places of oral expression, encounter, common desire, festive gathering and the intersection of differences? Submissions due 30 October 2020 and for more information on the registration and the prises see https://sound2020.org/ society/student-competition/lsds/ One major activity of the IYS 2020 is a student competition (sponsored by HEAD-Genuit Foundation). The students of primary schools are asked to produce a drawing inspired by the motto of IYS2020 "Importance of Sound our World". Students of high schools are asked to write a stanza of 4 verses (lines) in mother tongue and/or in English, inspired by the melody and the refrain of the song "The Sound Of The World" and motto of IYS2020 "Importance of Sound for our World" Submissions are due by end of 2020 so please pass on details to any contacts in schools. Full details see the student competition menu at www.sound2020.org The National Acoustic Laboratories is committed the finding ways to improve hearing health and transform the lives of people with hearing difficulties. They use a "design thinking " approach in their research and have recently conducted a study looking at Unilateral hearing Loss (UHL Their daughter Christine and her husband are living nearby to provide assistance when required. Howard was born in Leicester, England on 2 September 1920 and came to Australia with his parents in 1921. He attended Perth Modern School then the University of WA where he completed an honours degree in physics. At the time of WWII science graduates were discouraged from active military duty so Howard was persuaded to apply for a position at the National Standards Laboratory within the CSIRO in Sydney doing optical testing of components for military telescopes, rangefinders, etc. Later his responsibilities expanded to include photometry and colorimetry -a new branch of physical optics. Howard was given permission to include some of this work in a MSc thesis submitted to the University of WA in 1945. Following the end of WWII, Howard took a position at Sydney Technical College as a lecturer and research officer. He was then transferred as a senior lecturer in the School of Physics at the newly formed University of NSW at Kensington where Celebrating 100 Years his initial research was in studying the way high frequency sound waves were absorbed by crystalline solids. Fortunately, he was also able to do some research projects directed at organ problems and was able to use university equipment. Of course, the University was happy to accept their share of any praise arising from publications out of this work. These projects included research into organ action in collaboration with fellow lecturer Roy Caddy in which they verified the advantages of mechanical over electrical organ action. Howard was also able to follow his great love of music, and in particular organ music, by spending many hours practicing on the organ in the Great Hall at Sydney University. He was soon invited to give recitals at various organs around Sydney most of which were broadcast on the ABC for the program 'Young Australia' and later 'Organists of Australia'. Noting the "woolly" sound of these broadcasts, he began his first "acoustic" experiments with the microphone locations in the Great Hall. Howard was very active in the organ music community and a founder of the Sydney Organ Society and later of the Organ Institute. He was also an activist for a modern first-class organ during the time of the building of the Sydney Opera House. Technical architect plans were vague regarding the organ, but local organists led by Howard had meetings with everyone up to the level of Minister to discuss a suitable organ and were eventually successful. Not only does the Sydney Opera House have a magnificent mechanical pipe organ designed by Ronald Sharp but according to Wikipedia "is the world's largest mechanical tracker-action pipe organ". On 2 September 2020 Howard Pollard, acoustician and musician, turns 100 years. Even after his "official" retirement from his position as Professor that culminated in a system for measuring timbre taking into account the way our brains process music. Howard also used the facilities at AINSE (Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering) at Lucas Heights for further research and assistance with postgraduate students from the University who were completing their PhD. In addition to the scientific publications, Howard also published a number of books including Sound Waves in Solids -1977, Acoustics Applied to Music -1999, Orchestral and Keyboard Instruments -2003. While Howard has been a member of the Australian Acoustical Society since its inception in 1961, it was his work as Editor of that the AAS is incredibly grateful for. The journal commenced life as the modest Bulletin of the Australian Acoustical Society in 1972 with an editorial team from NSW and a dusty brown cover. changed to a red cover. Following much discussion about the functions of a scientific society journal, Howard accepted the task as Editor with a swag of suggestions for both inside and outside features. Volume 10 was introduced with a cream cover, with assistance from an outside designer, interesting font for heading and an appropriate image on each cover. Three years later he was instrumental in changing the title to Acoustics Australia, to better reflect the status as a journal. As the reputation of the journal increased, the number of the scientific manuscripts increased slowly but it still retained, as it has done until today, the combination of articles and news information on the AAS. The last issue with Howard as the chief editor was Volume 21, no 1, in 1993 by which time the masthead font and the cover layout had been further modernised. It is worth reminding younger AAS members that the production the only contact with the editor was by hard copy post or phone. was not until a year after his time (i.e. 1994) that there was the possibility of receiving documents by email. So during the tenure of Howard there were only hard copy documents received by post and the printed version was produced using traditional printing methods with lead type. Many hours were spent discussing the content and draft paper copy for which Howard did the text check and I did the cut and paste adjustments to the layout. We had to think about filling the pages and which of the multi-page layout provided by the printer would actually be the following page and then where to place the advertisements. Howard engaged Leigh Wallbank (who is still a valued member of the production team) to assist with the advertising and the distribution arrangements. So the Acoustical Society is sincerely grateful to Howard for his substantial contribution to the Society and wishes him a very enjoyable celebration of 100 years. Marion Burgess with assistance from Christine Morgan Acoustics Australia Acoustics Australia Vol. 48, No. 2, August 2020 ABSTRACT in Australia: The Noise Abatement League from Melbourne and the Noise Abatement Society from Sydney, both founded time of the activities of these groups, and it is possible to piece together a short history which highlights the importance of these actions and that urban noise is not just a modern problem. In Melbourne, the well-known Physicist Thomas Howell Laby one and a half years before similar actions in New York City. The Sydney group is an interesting case, because among its presidents was Major of the city and another became Minister of Health. In February 1935, a Noise Abatement Society was created in Auckland, New Zealand. It focused for a few years on car, bus and motorcycle noise. Finally, like a Möbius strip, one historical fact connects the year 1935 with 2020. This article is This article has been written by an acoustician from Argentina, who dedicates part of his free time to investigating the history of acoustics and researching the History of Science and Philosophy of Technology. Some time ago, he found information about an anti-noise society in the city of Sydney which had at home due to CODID-19 pandemic, the author has had plenty of time to search the Internet and to dig deeply through the information, in order to cross reference and corroborate data. The history of Australasia's noise abatement groups is kind of a big puzzle, but it is possible to borrow some pieces from other sources (also puzzles), in order to complete their histories. This article is a summary based only on information which is accessible freely via the Internet from Argentina (principally well known that web search-engines do not show all available materials so this article cannot cover all details of the historic actions now individual or isolated facts on acoustics. Note: Due to each reference weblink being very long, the name of the newspaper and the date are identified in the text, so in order to access any article, please use Trove's search engine [1] or the National Library of New Zealand [2] . "a passionate nationalist, inventor of the slogan 'Australia for the Australians'; he had a mania for establishing leagues and associations" [3] . commentary about MNAL, and wrote the following: "Meudell has received numerous letters from working women who complain that their sleep and that of their children is continuously broken at night by the hooting and roaring of motor cycles and motor cars;" it is outstanding the relevance to women's actions, taking into account the year of publication. Walter A. Montano 1 1 ARQUICUST, Gualeguaychu, Argentina, wmontano@arquicust.com -orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-5257 Hospital. The MNAL sent letters of complaint to the Tram's administration, also asking for several technical actions to the City Council in order to eliminate "trams blowing at down", speed reduction, etc. Motor-cycles noise was a big concern although the Motor-car Act insists on silencers being affixed to all motor-cars, the provision "is a dead letter," and the Police need to prosecute the offenders. Laby and colleagues record the street noise on a gramophone which was then broadcast by 3LO radio station. They also published sound levels diagrams and charts, etc. More detail the noise measurements of Laby will be in a following article. Health week took place at the Melbourne Town Hall. Among different specialities, the MNAL presented one special oriented to children, which was a series of short talks on The world's campaign against noise. This is remarkable because it was arranged by the City Council in conjunction with the parents' associations of the schools and the participations were broadcast over radio. Research, talked about "Noise and education." The Melbourne "Trams' noise affects schoolwork," spoke the oral teaching in front rooms being suspended while trams pass and the teachers' nerves suffering from the strain along with the children's schoolwork. Detail on this Congress is not part of the present article, but there exists a hardcopy of the Report in the National Libraries. Noise's Möbius strip. One historical fact connecting the years 1935 and 2020 in that order to have an idea of the real noise level from trams, Cherry conducted his noise monitoring campaign during a strike of the tram worker´s union, in order to get a quiet measurement environment. Nowadays because of COVID-19 social confinement, acousticians around the world continue to measure noise to obtain the real background levels an article announcing the formation of the Sydney's Noise Abatement Society (SNAS). There are hundreds of articles and mentions about the meetings and actions of this anti-noise group which one can find using perhaps this is a consequence of the people who belonged to the SNAS being politicians or important citizen. One can find mentions about its existences until Ernest Samuel Marks died in 1947. The following is a summary of their activities, and a brief description of the people who have participated in SNAS. Participants during the inaugural meeting presented their awful "Seven men and one woman find the noise of Sydney intolerable. Last night they unfolded poignant dramas of city and suburban life, and formed the Noise Abatement Society, in the solemn silence of the Royal Society's rooms." Barking dogs, fowls, fish-vendors, milkmen, trams, motor-car, roosters, newsboys, yodelling cats, etc., were some of their noise complaints. Among the doctors who supported this Society, the one who stood out the most was Dr. Donald Fraser, a well-known psychiatrist who held many meetings about the neurasthenia and mental illness produced by noise. The SNAS board through the years 1936), a prominent businessman, was its first president. Sydney Municipal Council for Gipps Ward in 1930, also was president of this Society. One curious fact is that some of their meetings were held at the Accountants Council Hall, and one of SNAS member. "R. R. Allison" was an accountant.). It appears he was a prominent citizen, and features throughout the term of the SNAS. R. R. Allison also figures as President of the orchestra concert committee and Director of Sound Recording Studios Pty. (160 Castlereagh Street, Sydney.) It is still a mystery to be solved if his real name were "Robert Richardson." Another prominent member of SNAS and accountant was E. W. Coombes. of SNAS were incorporated to a new Health Society of NSW. After 1930 they appear in the news as the Noise Abatement Society of New South Wales but also as SNAS. On Tuesday 23 October 1934 a "big conference" (as newspapers mention it) organized by SNAS was held at Horden Brothers in Sydney, with this Arthur Pixley's opening resolution: "To obtain adequate legal control of noise by legislation, especially urging that such, between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. capable of being prevented or mitigated, and which is dangerous and injurious to health, should be considered a nuisance within the meaning of the public health act." There are dozens of comments and reviews of this conference in Street, is a "Hell's mile," and Sydney as the second noisy city in the world. SNAS proposed also having Zones of silence in the city, because a novel emerging source of noise was introduced: loud radios. A special program was broadcast in order to have the stations' cooperation in a campaign, requesting that listeners be asked to 'tone their sets down' (called noise etiquette, like NYC radio campaign in 1930). Dr. Donald Fraser stated that the incidence of psycho-neurosis was largely due to increasing noise. Hells Bells. One of the ongoing complaints was the noise of bells. While bells were part of the SNAS list, they did not take action against them. War on loudspeaker used by politicians During the Federal election campaign of 1937, there are many reports on the nuisance produced by loudspeakers used by politicians. In September 1935, they held a noise league in London. As a Physician, he talked of several diseases and discussed the noise problem from the medical aspect, according to the West Australian on Saturday 7 September 1935. Also they broadcast radio programs on their activities. They planned a campaign to ban the night noises and trams to be eliminated and among other annoyances the man who delivers the milk must wear rubber boots (they must be turned down so as not to disturb next-door neighbours. January 1937 about a doctor, who lived in Buenos Aires and moved to New Zealand who complained about Auckland as a noisy city. It is interesting because he commented on the anti-noise measures that were in Buenos Aires which had voted for an "Ordinance on suppressing annoying noises" in December 1933. The end of ANAS. After presenting several petitions asking for anti-noise laws without any success, there is no mention in the newspapers after 1937. Following is a brief summary of "The next generation" of antinoise groups in Australasia. In 1961, Abatement Society that, according to himself, was "the first" in he had to have known of the Noise Abatement League from those early years. Luth's activities are mentioned in several newspapers and he conducted a noise measurement campaign with the Commonwealth Acoustic Laboratories in 1969. Luth's society existed until his death. Wellington Noise abatement society. From 1962 to 1973 in Wellington there existed a "Noise Abatement Society." There are more than 20 manuscript records in the National Library in Wellington recording its activities [4] . Among other actions, they undertook an interesting noise campaign inside Faulkner Hospital [5] . The Society was incorporated with the objective of encouraging similar groups throughout the country and eventually to have legislation enacted so that individuals might be protected without having to initiate expensive legal proceedings [4] . The society wound up in 1973 and its assets were handed to the Action for Environment Group [6] . to create a society in Sydney. "A group of doctors, academics, lawyers and businessmen is to form Australia's first noiseabatement society which will be modelled on a similar body in Britain." The other isolated info is in the Queensland Parliament transcription of Tuesday, 21 August 1973: "I would award the highest priority to legislation for the control of noise, which is certainly one form of environmental pollution. It has been tackled in other countries and it must ultimately be recognised and controlled in this country. A person who is emerging as an authority in this field is Sir George Halliday, one of Australia's best known ear, nose and throat surgeons, who founded the Noise Abatement Society of Australia" [9] . Conclusions the author just commented what is available in Argentina using freely available material on the Internet. While there is evidence in newspapers, it is curious and intriguing that there is no information in the obituaries' of the famous people who participated in those anti-noise Groups. Another interesting fact is that the creation dates of MNAL and SNAS are very close there is only one example of their cooperation. There is just one note in the Mirror (from Perth) in June of "Melbourne to-day. The executive committee of the Noise Abatement League announced that a Noise Abatement Society had been formed in Sydney." There are many dispersed articles in Australasian newspapers with notes about noise complaints, for instance, there was the report of the "Deaf age coming" in the Adelaide Mail on Saturday The author hopes that this article will be of historical interest and will encourage more discussion on the historic approach to noise abatement by acousticians in Australia and New Zealand. An example approach to consider low frequency noise in the context of the NSW noise policy for industry. The NSW Environment Protection Authority has prepared the following case study to provide an example of an assessment approach for the assessment of low frequency noise in the context of the Noise Policy for Industry. The Noise Policy for Industry (NPfI) [1] sets out the requirements of the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for the assessment and management of noise from industry in NSW. It aims to ensure that noise is kept to acceptable levels in balance with the social and economic value of industry in NSW. The purpose of the NPfI is to ensure noise impacts associated with particular industrial developments are evaluated and managed in a consistent and transparent manner. It provides noise levels for assessing the potential impact of noise from industry and includes a framework for considering feasible and reasonable noise mitigation measures. The NPfI also provides a procedure for the development of appropriate and achievable statutory noise limits and operational requirements for development consents and environment protection licences. Where the proposed development is expected to produce annoying noise characteristics, the NPfI requires that adjustments are to be applied to the predicted or measured noise levels, to account for the increased annoyance associated with certain noise characteristics. These potentially annoying characteristics include low frequency noise. The NPfI requires low frequency noise (LFN) to be assessed against the requirements of Fact Sheet C. Where LFN is, or is likely to occur, and it cannot be mitigated to within NPfI LFN trigger levels (in Table C2 reproduced below), a modifying factor correction must be applied to the measured or predicted noise levels at the noise-sensitive receiver locations. This is then compared to the project noise trigger levels which are the benchmark levels against which potential noise impacts from industrial developments are assessed and managed. Fact Sheet C sets out the following steps to determine the presence of excessive LFN: 1. a 'screening' test to identify the potential for LFN by assessing whether there is a difference of 15 dB or more this is the case, 2. a detailed evaluation of the one-third octave frequencies between 10Hz to 160Hz in Table C2 of Fact Sheet C. Where any of the one-third octave noise levels in Table C2 are exceeded by up to and including 5 dB and cannot be mitigated to within NPfI LFN trigger levels, a 2 dB(A) positive adjustment to measured/predicted A-weighted levels applies for the evening/ night period. Where any of the one-third octave noise levels in Table C2 are exceeded by more than 5 dB and cannot be mitigated to within NPfI trigger levels, a 5 dB(A) positive adjustment to measured/ predicted A-weighted levels applies for the evening/night period and a 2 dB(A) positive adjustment applies for the daytime period. The EPA is aware of challenges in carrying out a detailed evaluation of the one-third octave frequencies between 10 and 63 Hz in noise predictions. This is due to: 1. limitations in commercially available software which (generally) can only perform calculations down to and including 63 Hz, for example ISO 9613 [2] and CONCAWE [3] algorithms commonly used in noise modelling 2. lack of published sound power level data for plant and equipment to permit assessments down to and including 10Hz. To overcome these challenges, alternative approaches are needed to fully apply the LFN assessment requirements set out in Fact Sheet C of the NPfI. The following case study illustrates an approach for undertaking LFN assessments that meets the requirements of Fact Sheet C of the NPfI. Situation: A major extractive industry is proposed to operate 24 hours per day and seven days per week in a quiet rural location with residential receivers in the vicinity which could be impacted by noise. An acoustic consultant prepared a noise impact assessment for inclusion in an Environmental Impact Statement to support the project application and considered the potential for low frequency noise in accordance with Fact Sheet C of the NPfI as follows. Gordon Downey NSW Environment Protection Authority, Parramatta, Australia, Gordon.Downey@epa.nsw.gov.au Low frequency noise assessment methodology: The consultant recognised the limitations in their in-house noise calculation software and the absence of reliable published sound power level data for plant and equipment associated with the development that would allow low frequency noise associated with the project to be assessed in the range 10Hz to 63Hz. Given these constraints, the consultant developed the following methodology to allow for an adequate assessment of the potential for LFN impacts in accordance with the NPfI. • One-third octave measurements between 10Hz to 20KHz were undertaken at a similar extractive industry premises and at distances comparable to the receiver locations likely to be impacted by the proposed extractive industry. (See Note 1 below). • The measurements were made under meteorological conditions applicable to the assessment. In this case, within the parameters of "noise enhancing meteorological conditions" as determined by Fact Sheet D of the NPfI. Care was taken to ensure that the measurements were not affected by wind across the microphone. • The measurements were processed by taking the logarithmic average of the LFN measurement/'s to derive a low frequency curve or "tail" from 63Hz down to 10Hz. An example of the curve for an indicative receiver location is illustrated in Figure 1 as the orange curve. • The consultant then predicted the one-third octave band noise levels for receiver locations using proprietary noise modelling software down to the lowest one-third octave band that a can be predicted by the noise model, which in this case was 63 Hz. Full details and justification for the noise modelling was provided in the noise impact assessment (See Note 2 below). An example of predicted levels at an indicative receiver location is shown in Figure 1 in blue. The consultant then applied the low frequency "tail" to the predicted noise levels for each receiver location by adjusting the tail one-third octaves, in this case 10Hz to 63Hz, by the difference between the predicted and measured 63Hz one-third octave level. For example, at the receiver in Figure 1 the 63Hz level was 2 dB lower than the predicted 63Hz level, so all tail levels (i.e. 10Hz to 63Hz) for that receiver location were adjusted by +2dB. This is shown in grey in Figure 1 . • The consultant then had an estimate of predicted levels from the activity for each receiver location from 10Hz to 20KHz inclusive i.e. for the one-third octave frequencies between 63Hz to 20KHz from modelled (predicted) levels, and for 10Hz to 50Hz from the adjusted measured levels based on the difference at 63Hz. • The consultant observed that the overall C-minus Aweighted noise levels derived from this data significantly exceeded 15dB at all assessment locations. An analysis of the data between 10Hz to 160Hz for each receiver location was then undertaken against the LFN thresholds outlined in Table C2 of the NPfI represented by the yellow curve in Figure 1 . For the receiver location depicted by measurements in Figure 1 , it was determined that a 2dB modification factor was applicable for the proposal for the evening and night period as several onethird octave levels, 40 and 50 Hz, exceeded the assessment levels in Table C2 by up to 5dB. The modification factor was applied to the predicted levels before comparison with the NPfI derived project noise trigger levels. This case study has been published to provide a method that may be applied to the predictive assessment of an activity against the low frequency noise assessment requirements in the Noise Policy for Industry. Other methods may be applied, where supported by adequate data, provided that the assessment requirements of the NPfI Fact Sheet C are fulfilled. Further discussion on the science underpinning the low frequency noise methodology in the NPfI is provided in Downey and Parnell [4] It is important that acousticians carrying out noise assessments consider that the provisions of Fact Sheet C in relation to adjustments for LFN are likely to be incorporated into noise limit conditions of a development consent and/or environment protection licence for an activity. Therefore, the method used in predictive assessments, and presented in a noise impact assessment, should be commensurate with the potential compliance risk for the proponent or licensee. 2. The noise model used, the lowest one-third octave band noise level that can be predicted by that noise model, and the sound power levels data used should be reported and justified. The work summarised in this article was presented at the AAS annual conference, Acoustics 2019, and awarded the President's Prize for the Best Paper Multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an increasingly popular technology with a range of uses. These propulsors, although contra-rotating propellers are sometimes preferred as they reduce the aircraft planform area and add redundancy in case of failure of one or more propellers. To our knowledge, the noise produced by contra-rotating multi-rotor UAV propellers has not been studied previously. To address this, we recently conducted an experimental investigation of such a propeller mounted statically in an anechoic chamber to simulate the propeller operating in hover mode. The effect of propeller diameter, spacing, rotational speed and blade number were investigated. Thrust, power and noise were measured for a very large number of operating points. The results obtained in these experiments were analysed and a theoretical model was used to explain the phenomena and trends which were observed. This Forum article summarises the results of this study which is described more fully in McKay et al. (2019) . We are continuing this work to try and understand the physical mechanisms by which these propellers produce noise so that we may use this knowledge to design propellers which produce a minimum level of noise. The objective of the experimental program was to measure the acoustic and aerodynamic performance of different contrarotating propeller configurations over a wide range of rotational speeds and propeller spacings. Commercially available twoblade, 15" and 12" diameter propellers and a three-blade, 12.5" diameter propeller were used in a variety of different combinations. We tested numerous spacings from 17 mm to 70 mm between propeller hubs. Each configuration was also tested with each propeller operating at a range of different rotational speeds from stationary up to the maximum speed the motor could produce. Because of the large number of parameters investigated, the test matrix contained more than 1400 individual tests. For this reason, custom software was developed to automatically control the propeller and data collection from the microphones and other transducers. The propellers were powered by a motor unit which contained two connected T-Motor MN501 brushless DC motors with coaxial shafts. The contra-rotating propeller rig with propellers and motor unit are shown in Figure 1 . A single-axis Honeywell Model 151 S-type load cell was positioned directly underneath the motor to measure thrust. The power input and rotational speed of each motor was also measured. The tests were performed in the anechoic chamber at the University of Auckland, which has inner dimensions of 6.2 m × 6.2 m × 6.2 m and has taken with 11 G.R.A.S 46AE 1/2" microphones & preamplifier sets connected to National Instruments NI9234 modules in a angles (measured from the propeller axis) from 0° (directly above the propeller) to 150° in 15° increments on a C-shaped frame surrounding the propeller. Most reflective surfaces were covered with a 10 mm acoustic absorber to minimise reflections. The propeller rig and microphone array installed in the anechoic chamber is shown in Figure 2 . All microphone locations were in the acoustic far-field where spherical spreading may be assumed. Acoustic measurements were taken over 30s and saved as narrowband sound pressure levels (SPLs) for each polar angle. The sound produced by the contra-rotating propellers contained a multitude of tones which consisted of rotor-alone tones and interaction tones. Rotor-alone tones occur at harmonics of the blade passing frequency of each propeller. Interaction tones occur at frequencies corresponding to the sum of integer multiples of the blade passing frequencies of each propeller. These interaction tones are expected and are understood to be caused by the unsteady aerodynamic loading on the propeller blades due to their interaction with the flow field produced by the adjacent propeller. Both rotor-alone and interaction tones are highly directional with the SPL strongly varying with polar angle. Note that for the isolated propellers considered here, no significant variation in SPL with azimuthal angle is expected (the azimuthal angle is the angle through which the propellers rotate). The data-set allowed us to identify quiet propeller configurations and operating conditions. We found that in general, the overall SPL increased with increasing thrust, but different propeller combinations could produce quite different noise levels. In particular, the overall noise levels produced decreased significantly as propeller spacing increased. We were also able to characterise the overall noise level and power required by a particular configuration operating at a range of different propeller speed combinations. In order to understand the observed noise levels and directivity patterns, a theoretical model for predicting the interaction tone SPLs was developed based on those formulated by Hanson horizontal-axis contra-rotating propellers. This model was used to explain the phenomena and trends observed in the experimental data. A narrowband SPL spectrum measured at a polar angle of 0° is shown in Figure 3 . This propeller configuration had two two-blade propellers. The spectrum contains a large number of tones, but is dominated by tones which have zero azimuthal mode order (the phase of these tones does not vary with azimuthal angle). This polar angle corresponds to a location directly above the propeller. However, the theoretical model predicts that the SPL of the interaction tones at this location will be identical to those directly beneath the propeller at an equivalent distance. This location is therefore particularly important as UAVs can operate almost directly above an observer. The theoretical model predicts that interaction tones with zero azimuthal mode order will dominate the spectrum at this location. The number of tones which have zero-azimuthal mode order over a given frequency range can be controlled by careful selection of propeller blade number. We predicted that a contra-rotating propeller with three blades on the top propeller and two blades on the bottom would produce only a small number of significant tones on and close to the propeller axis. This prediction was confirmed in our experimental results and provides an easy method of reducing noise from these propellers. We believe that the high noise levels produced when the propellers are close together is caused by the unsteady loading on each propeller due to its interaction with the potential noise source was also dominant for large horizontal-axis contra-rotating propellers with closely spaced propellers, and that this noise source decays rapidly as propeller spacing increases. At very large propeller spacings, Parry showed that the interaction of the wake from the top propeller with the bottom propeller was the dominant noise source and that this does not vary significantly with propeller spacing. These observations are consistent with our results. We are currently conducting experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to confirm the cause of the interaction tones which we observed in our experiments. Principles of Occupational Health and Hygiene 3rd Edition provides an update of the 2013 2nd Edition. All 30 authors are members of the Australian Institute of Occupational Hygiene (AIOH) and the book is intended to be used a s a reference for Occupational Hygienists and for those studying the topic. It is particularly relevant for those working in Australia. Workplaces are complex environments with various risks and this book offers a comprehensive overview of occupational health risks that must be assessed and compared against exposure limits, standards and regulations plus general guidance on remedial measures that can be put in place. Of the 17 chapters the first 4 deal in general with occupational hygiene, concepts of exposure limits and control strategies. Then chapters deal with each of the various types of workplace risk such as ventilation, chemicals, air quality etc. Chapter 12 focuses on Noise and Vibration and has been written by Beno Groothoff and Jane Whitelaw who were authors of the same section in the 2nd edition. Approximately 40 of the 50 pages are dedicated to workplace noise which is certainly the more common of the two assessment tasks for occupational hygienists. The descriptions of the dB, addition of dB, frequency analysis, A weighting etc are followed by the general guidance on measuring noise and the process for workplace assessment with reference to Australian standards and regulations. General guidance on noise control strategies include generic sketches. Use of performance data for the selection of hearing BOOK REVIEW protectors is described. The pages on human vibration briefly overview the guidance, assessment and control measures which is a reflection that human vibration still does not have a regulated exposure limit in Australia and the Safework Australia documentation on the topic is still only guidance. Even considering that workplace noise and vibration is only a small portion of the work of an occupational hygienist and the basic concepts have not changed it is a pity that this 3rd edition did not include updates of dated images as well as some corrections to the text. For example the figures with instrumentation, personal hearing protectors, rounding of final noise exposure to the nearest dB plus some more current references. Although there is no regulatory framework for human vibration limits it is also a pity that the update did not include more from the Safework Australia guidance and other sources on human vibration in the workplace. The great value of the noise and vibration chapter in this book is the relevance to the Australian context and that it has been produced by professionals and educators working directly in the occupational hygiene area. The AIOH and its membership deserve congratulations for their support of this worthy book. An INTER-NOISE 2020 will provide the opportunity for engineers and scientists in all fields of acoustics to learn about and share their work with colleagues from around the world. Two plenary lectures, three keynote lectures and more than a hundred technical sessions will be organized for the exchanging of views and sharing of experiences. To allow for the time zones around the world the sessions will be synchronous and asynchronous. This means that you can chose to see all the papers you are interested in with no concern about clashes. The registration fee is low and of course there are no travel costs! http://internoise2020.org The 2020 Leuven Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, ISMA 2020, will be hosted 7 to 9 September in Leuven, Belgium. It is the 29th international conference in a series of annual courses and biennial conferences on structural dynamics, modal testing and noise and vibration engineering, organised by the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the KU Leuven. This year's edition will Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics -USD2020. A single registration will grant access to both conferences. The conference provides a forum for engineers, researchers and other professionals active in the field of modelling, analysing, testing and improving the noise and vibration characteristics of mechanical systems and civil structures. The conference combines expertise in the noise and vibration fields by stressing common measurement, modelling, analysis and control technologies. The meeting will provide a further impetus to the cross fertilization of ideas in both areas. -www.isma-isaac.be/isma2020/ Forum Acusticum -Lyon Date change -7-11 December,2020 The European Acoustical Association together with the French Acoustical Society is pleased to invite you to the 9th Forum Acusticum to be held in world heritage city of Lyon-France April 20-24, 2020. Forum Acusticum will address all topics of Acoustics, from physical acoustics to sound perception (of humans and animals), including industrial applications of acoustics. More than 100 structured sessions will be organized to provide a comprehensive technical program. This will be accompanied by a social program including the opportunity for a dinner in the historical mansion of Bocuse family by the river Saône, called the Abbaye. https://fa2020.universite-lyon.fr/ The 13th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, originally scheduled as ICBEN 2020, will now been known as ICBEN 2021 and will be held June 14-17, 2021. https://www.icben2020.se/ This symposium on Noise of UAV and UAS is being hosted in Paris on 19 to 21 October 2020 and is organised by INCE/Europe in association with CidB. Enormous progress has been made on drone technologies in the last decade and the number of drones is increasing dramatically and is now much higher than the number of conventional aircraft. Safety, security and privacy have controlled the development of drones up to now, but noise is now an issue in residential areas and environmentally sensitive areas such National Parks. On the other hand, ultra-silent machines represent a problem for privacy and security. The Symposium will provide an opportunity for researchers on drone noise to discuss with manufacturers, users and those engaged in designing innovative applications for this new technology. The e-program timing is being adjusted to facilitate international participation. https://www.quietdrones.org The 1st Biennial International Conference on Acoustics and Vibration (A&V) 2020 is being hosted in Bali, Indonesia from November 23-24, 2020. This e-meeting will be the first held by The Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia. The idea is to bring together students, scientists, and engineers that involved in research and development of technologies related to Acoustic, Vibration, and Its Applications, which come from different backgrounds and experiences. This event will provide opportunity to participants to disseminate their recent original research findings, discussing current issues, and exchange of ideas related to acoustic and vibration technologies. It is also hoped to promote transfer of R & D outcomes into applications that match with industrial and societal needs nationwide, as well as for the ASEAN regions, which will eventually strengthen the collaboration and boosting the economic growth through strong partnerships among academician, researcher, industries, and government supports. https://anv2020.com/conference/ The EuroNoise 2021 Congress will take place between 21st and 23rd of June, 2021, in the beautiful island of Madeira, a wellrecognized international touristic destination. EuroNoise 2021 will be organized by the Portuguese Acoustical Society (SPA), on behalf of the European Acoustical Association (EAA). The technical program of this Congress will cover the main topics of acoustics, including the classical themes and the most recently developed areas. A technical exhibition will be held during the Congress days, in a place with easy access and visibility for the attendees and other interested people who would like to make short visits to exhibitor's booths. http://www.spacustica.pt/euronoise2021/ These biennial conferences were instigated by Geoff Leventhall for INCE Europe in 2005. For our ninth conference we are in Dublin, Hotel, Northwood, Dublin, Ireland. The conferences have become the main international forum for the technical discussion of wind turbine noise from how it is generated to its effect on neighbours. They aim to bring together the latest information on noise and vibration from wind turbines and attract delegates from a wide range of disciplines -aeroacoustic research students, researchers into the effects of noise on people, acoustic consultants and representatives of central and local government. They provide a venue for researchers on wind turbine noise and its effects on people to meet together and also to meet with those who design wind turbine installations, both in industry and in the planning process. -https://www.windturbinenoise.eu/ The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) and the Australian Acoustical Society (AAS) are joining together to co-host Acoustics 2021, Sydney, which will also incorporate the Western Pacific Acoustics Conference (WESPAC) and the Pacific Rim Underwater Acoustics Conference (PRUAC). The conference is planned for the International Convention Centre, Darling Harbour, Sydney. This Convention Centre has been completely rebuilt and opened in late 2017, so it features state of the art facilities along with the magnificent views of Sydney. Register your interest now and plan for your participation. Sydney2021@ acoustics.asn.au NOVEM 2021 is the 7th in the series of NOVEM conferences. NOVEM 2021 has been postponed due to COVID-19 and will now be held 13-15 December 2021 in the beautiful city of Auckland, New Zealand at the Owen G Building, The University of Auckland. The conference will be a major gathering of researchers, from research establishments and from industry, working in the areas of noise and vibration. The emphasis of the conference is on new and emerging methods, techniques and technologies in acoustics and vibration. As with previous NOVEMs, each day will contain a Keynote Forum, which will bring together key specialists within a common theme, followed by extensive discussion. These themes represent major scientific challenges related to noise and vibration. https://www. novem2021.ac.nz/ Due to the current situation with COVID-19 a decision was made to postpone the ICSV27 congress at the Hilton Prague hotel by 12 months to July 2021. Should you have any questions regarding the congress, please contact us at secretariat@icsv27.org This annual IIAV congress is a leading event in the area of acoustics and vibration and provides an important opportunity for scientists and engineers to share their latest research results and exchange ideas on theories, technologies and applications in these fields. National Acoustic Calibration Laboratory The Acoustical Society of New Zealand (ASNZ) and Australian Acoustical Society (AAS) Joint Conference will be held at Te Papa Tongarewa Museum in Wellington New Zealand, from 31October-2 November 2022. Acoustics 2022 will provide a unique opportunity for manufacturers and suppliers to showcase the latest developments in acoustic instrumentation, software and noise and vibration control products. Surrounded by nature and fueled by creative energy, Wellington is a compact city with a powerful mix of culture, history, nature and cuisine. Fuel your visit with strong coffee and world-class craft beer -Wellingtonians are masters of casual dining, with plenty of great restaurants, night markets and food trucks. On the waterfront itself you'll find Te Papa Tongarewa Museum, New Zealand's national museum. Te Papa, as it's colloquially known, means 'our place' and is one of the best interactive museums in the world. It is an iconic New Zealand building, right in the heart of the capital city. It is easily accessible by international and domestic flights into Wellington airport, which is only a short 15 min drive from the venue. On behalf of the Acoustics 2022 Organising Committee, we look forward to welcoming you to Wellington in November and hope that the conference gives you an opportunity to strengthen your existing networks and that you leave with great memories, fresh ideas, and new friendships. We encourage you to save the dates in your calendar and register your expression of interest today to be kept up to date with the latest information and program news. https://www.acoustics2022.com/ National Library (2020) Wellington Noise Abatement Society The Hospital on the Hill: A History of Faulkner Hospital. Library Services Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital Authority (1973) Advertisements. The New Zealand Gazette Noise. Ministry of Health. House of Representatives Mr. W. D. H. Ewitt 10. Various authors, History of the Australian Acoustical Society The Sun The Sunday Mail References 1. NSW Environment Protection Authority, Noise Policy for Industry Acoustics -Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors -Part 2: General method of International Organization for Standardization The propagation of noise from petroleum and petrochemicals complexes to neighbouring communities Assessing low frequency noise from industry -a practical approach AS/NZS IEC 2019, Electroacoustics -Sound level meters, Part 1: Specifications, ASW IEC 61672.1 Standards Australia Experimental investigation of contra-rotating multi-rotor UAV propeller noise The author wants to thank and acknowledge Marion Burgess for encouraging and for inviting him to write this article, and especially to Mary Gretchen Lorio for her patience in editing. The authors wish to thank the University of Auckland Doctoral Scholarship, Callaghan Innovation Fellowship, Callaghan R&D experience grant and Dotterel Technologies for financially supporting this research.