key: cord-0046026-cooq8nhv authors: Napoli, Claudio; Maiello, Ciro title: Careful clinical evaluation of donor fraction cell-free DNA in rejection surveillance after heart transplantation date: 2020-06-20 journal: J Heart Lung Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.06.004 sha: fb521187e84c4b1f7cc78c7676796febf2fa1f94 doc_id: 46026 cord_uid: cooq8nhv nan standard for rejection surveillance after HTx and evaluation of cfDNA DF is still reserved to a minority of Heart Transplantation Centres around the world. Moreover, cfDNA mainly originates from programmed cell death or acute cellular injury detecting the presence of cellular damage, but low levels of cfDNA can also circulate in the plasma of healthy individuals before their clearance by the liver. 5 Since there is no mandatory consensus on the utility both of additional noninvasively exams and screening tests during low-grade rejection (e.g., ACR 1R or pAMR1), the take home message to divulge cfDNA DF could be premature in the clinical setting of low-grade rejection post HTx. In fact, in the era of COVID-19 pandemic, the economic resources should be carefully addressed to crucial emerging necessities in the clinical management of patient's health. Donor fraction cell-free DNA and rejection in adult and pediatric heart transplantation Applying rigor and reproducibility standards to assay donor-derived cell-free DNA as a non-invasive method for detection of acute rejection and graft injury after heart transplantation Donor-specific circulating cell free DNA as a noninvasive biomarker of graft injury in heart transplantation Fluid-based assays and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases: the 'hope' for Pandora's box? Epigenetic-sensitive liquid biomarkers and personalized therapy in advanced heart failure