key: cord-0035975-4cuqo3k9 authors: Wagner, Hildebert; Bauer, Rudolf; Melchart, Dieter; Xiao, Pei-Gen; Staudinger, Anton title: Radix Scutellariae — Huangqin date: 2011-11-06 journal: Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Herbal Medicines DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0763-8_63 sha: fd965a834a7e7beaf21d6787fc121dd827e685d2 doc_id: 35975 cord_uid: 4cuqo3k9 nan b) Processed with wine: Radix Scutellariae is described under the method for stir-frying with wine to dryness. Occurring in sub rounded or irregular thin slices; externally brown; cut surface yellowish-brown, striated radially, showing less burnt patches, sometimes appearing brown in the centre. Medicinal use (7) : In TCM to treat fever, nausea and vomiting, acute dysentery, jaundice, coughs, carbuncles and sores, and threatened abortion. In folk medicine to treat allergies, atherosclerosis, diarrhea, dermatitis and hypertension. Medicine ( In the literature (8, 9) at least more than 20 other avonoids and phenylpropan-derivates (trans-Martynoside, trans-Verbascoside) are described for the various Scutellaria species. Most of them described under "Minor avonoids" occur in Scutellaria species which are listed as "substitute drugs" of Scutellaria baicalensis. Trans-Martynoside, trans-Verbascoside, Viscidulin III-2'-O-glucoside, and Viscidulin III, primarily described as constituents of the herb of Scutellaria lateri ora, could be detected also in small amounts in the HPLC ngerprint of Scutellaria baicalensis root. in vitro and in vivo effects: -anti-in ammatory activity (7, 12, 15, 20) -antihepatotoxic activity (7) -antioxidant activity (7, 12, 15) -antimicrobial activity (7, 8, 11) -antitumor activity (7, 8, 19) -antiviral activity (7, 17, 21, 22) -sedative and anxiolytic activity (7, 14, 16) -inhibitory effect of neurotoxicity (13) -platelet aggregation inhibition (7, 8) -anticonvulsant activity (7, 9) -inhibition of mast cell histamine release (18) Fig. 1 : Formulae of the main compounds as detected in TLC or HPLC of Radix Scutellariae (8, 9) TLC-ngerprint analysis: 1) Extraction (1) : 1 g powdered drug is extracted under re ux for 30 minutes with a mixture of 20 ml ethyl acetate and 10 ml methanol. After cooling and ltration the extract is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 5 ml methanol and once more ltrated to use the solution for TLC. 2) Reference compounds: each 0.5 mg is dissolved in 0.5 ml methanol. Detection: Iron-III-chloride (1g in 100 ml EtOH) After spraying the plate is heated at 100°C for 10 minutes. Table 1 ). Oroxylin A* * identi ed analogous to the HPLC-analysis of American Skullcap (9) , the herb of Scutellaria lateri ora, which contains Baicalin as dominant avonoid and small amounts of Oroxylin-and Wogonin-7-glucuronide. All three Scutellaria root extract samples recorded at 276 nm show a very identical pattern of 11 main peaks: The detected avones are Baicalin (peak 5), Wogonin-7-O-glucuronide (peak 8), Baicalein (peak 9) and Wogonin (peak 10). The other peaks 1 -4, 6, 7 and 11 could be identi ed according to the publication of Zhang et al. (9) who used a very similar HPLC-system for the HPLC-ngerprint-analysis of the American Skullcap, the herb of Scutellaria lateri ora. The on line UV-spectra are in agreement with those of Zhang's publication. Note: The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 describes a content not less than 8 % of baicalin calculated with reference to the dried drug as determined by HPLC. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China Materia medica der Chinesischen Arzneimitteltherapie Traditional Medicine Team, Department of Technical Co-operation for Essential Drugs and Traditional Medicine, World Health Organisation: WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants: Revised Draft monograph on Radix Scutellariae Chinese drugs of plant origin Characterization of chemical ingredients and anticonvulsant activity of American skullcap Studies on the constituents of Scutellaria species. VI. On the avonoid constituents of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI (5) Study of Scutellaria baicalensis and Baicalin against antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains in vitro Antioxidative and anti-in ammatory activities of polyhydroxy-avonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI Potent Inhibitory effect of avonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis on amyloid beta protein-induced neurotoxicity Structure-activity relationships of avonoids, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, binding to benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptor complex Antioxidant activity of anti-in ammatory plant extracts Interaction of avones from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the benzodiazepine site Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Effects of Wogonin Isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibitory Effects of various Flavonoids on Histamine Release from Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells in Vitro The Cytotoxic Principle of Scutellariae Radix against L1210 Cell The avonoid baicalin exhibits anti-in ammatory activity by binding to chemokines In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS corona-virus to selected antiviral compounds Antiviral Chinese medicinal herbs against respiratory syncytial virus The Fourth International Advisory Broad Meeting on Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin in rat plasma Identi cation and quanti cation of eight avones in root and shoot tissues of the medical plant huang-qin (Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI) using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection