key: cord-0024958-jdabzkkh authors: Vukušić Rukavina, Tea; Viskić, Joško; Machala Poplašen, Lovela; Relić, Danko; Marelić, Marko; Jokic, Drazen; Sedak, Kristijan title: Dangers and Benefits of Social Media on E-Professionalism of Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review date: 2021-11-17 journal: J Med Internet Res DOI: 10.2196/25770 sha: ea4f4b4e6da48cb67fdb3269aeb073b3bc0a7e12 doc_id: 24958 cord_uid: jdabzkkh BACKGROUND: As we are witnessing the evolution of social media (SM) use worldwide among the general population, the popularity of SM has also been embraced by health care professionals (HCPs). In the context of SM evolution and exponential growth of users, this scoping review summarizes recent findings of the e-professionalism of HCPs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review is to characterize the recent original peer-reviewed research studies published between November 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, on e-professionalism of HCPs; to assess the quality of the methodologies and approaches used; to explore the impact of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs; to recognize the benefits and dangers of SM; and to provide insights to guide future research in this area. METHODS: A search of the literature published from November 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, was performed in January 2021 using 3 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus). The searches were conducted using the following defined search terms: “professionalism” AND “social media” OR “social networks” OR “Internet” OR “Facebook” OR “Twitter” OR “Instagram” OR “TikTok.” The search strategy was limited to studies published in English. This scoping review follows the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. RESULTS: Of the 1632 retrieved papers, a total of 88 studies were finally included in this review. Overall, the quality of the studies was satisfactory. Participants in the reviewed studies were from diverse health care professions. Medical health professionals were involved in about three-quarters of the studies. Three key benefits of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs were identified: (1) professional networking and collaboration, (2) professional education and training, and (3) patient education and health promotion. For the selected studies, there were five recognized dangers of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs: (1) loosening accountability, (2) compromising confidentiality, (3) blurred professional boundaries, (4) depiction of unprofessional behavior, and (5) legal issues and disciplinary consequences. This scoping review also recognizes recommendations for changes in educational curricula regarding e-professionalism as opportunities for improvement and barriers that influence HCPs use of SM in the context of e-professionalism. CONCLUSIONS: Findings in the reviewed studies indicate the existence of both benefits and dangers of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs. Even though there are some barriers recognized, this review has highlighted existing recommendations for including e-professionalism in the educational curricula of HCPs. Based on all evidence provided, this review provided new insights and guides for future research on this area. There is a clear need for robust research to investigate new emerging SM platforms, the efficiency of guidelines and educational interventions, and the specifics of each profession regarding their SM potential and use. To explore how and why medical students use Twitter for professional development. iii. SM based curriculum was evaluated by a small-scale pilot of 11 students ii. Workshop-format curriculum was designed and piloted for preclinical students to gain foundational knowledge of online professionalism iii. A complementary longitudinal SM-based curriculum was designed and piloted for clinical students to promote both medical humanism and professionalism boundaries as areas of concern. The workshop format and SM-based curricula were well received by students whose formative feedback will inform the refinement and further development of efforts to promote professionalism among medical students. George, Navarro, Stazyk, Clark, Green. 2014 [5] To explore how students use Facebook, with a particular emphasis on how they think they and their peers should (and would) act in response to salient ethical dilemmas. Awareness of incidents of student-posted unprofessional content online levels of concern about the posting of unprofessional content online, institutional policies and responses regarding unprofessional content, disciplinary actions Cyberprofessionalism is an important concern for nursing professionals and educators, and it appears that unprofessional online behavior among nursing students is prevalent. Educational institutions need to be proactive by implementing SM policies and ensuring effective and timely handling of student-posted unprofessional content. Langenfeld, Vargo, Schenarts. 2016 [37] To (1) Low, Tan, Joseph.2020 [87] To determine the profile of the knowledge and practices of doctors in our institution, and to identify knowledge gaps in the use of SM accounts. 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