key: cord-0015673-qdri1p60
authors: Lee, Jong-Koo
title: Virus Mutation and Countermeasures
date: 2021-02-03
journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect
DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.01
sha: 43810d78e9f3af8d27afccd663088106f4c54a0b
doc_id: 15673
cord_uid: qdri1p60

nan

the spike protein receptor-binding domain) in Brazil. WHO recommended urgently, the important thing is to expand the surveillance network to prevent the spread of variants.

Under the mutants and its epidemic, some countries are banning movements such as lockdown and shutdown and closing the borders to UK, RSA, Brazil. Although it was analyzed that this mutation would naturally occur due to the natural selection, in some countries, as the mutant became the major epidemic, the rate of transmission was accelerated and even though evidence was limited, the UK data was suggested that the severity of the disease was increasing. As a result of the efficacy evaluation of the vaccine, there are reports that the receptor-binding activity was conserved or partially reduced. By the clinical trial data of the Novavax vaccine. In phase 2 clinical trials, South Africa was 49.4%, which is very low compared to 89.3% in the UK [4] . One dose of Johnson & Johnson vaccine is an excellent in convenience, but is 72% of efficacy in clinical trials were conducted in the US, 57% in South Africa [5] , and there is no problem with the efficacy of more than 50%, which is the recommendation of WHO, but it may be somewhat disadvantageous in the formation of population immunity. confirmed by the existing test kits and method even though the PCR method. The surveillance network needs to be finetuned, and rapid isolation is required. It will also impact the treatment. In particular, there is a possibility that monoclonal antibodies will not work. In other words, E484 mutation is known to have decreased antibody response in 9 out of 11 types of the recovery phase, and some serum reduced by more than ten-fold in neutralization [6] . Therefore, the antibody structure produced one year ago will be difficult to prepare for the mutant species, so it will be necessary to remake it.

Third is the question of how it will affect vaccination. That concern is becoming a reality. When immunocomprised patients (immunocomprised) such as inadequate immunity, AIDS patients, and cancer treatment patients are infected and not properly treated, mutants can appear. It is becoming a reality in the UK and South Africa. As the rate of transmission increases by 50-70%, the R value changes, so the target for the level of vaccination required for group immunity should be raised to 80% or more. Therefore, more inoculum is needed. In addition, vaccination can also promote mutation, so the rate of vaccination should be faster. However, even if the vaccine's efficacy is low, it is known that the mRNA vaccine can be re- 

The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

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