key: cord-0010192-gc5oqmie
authors: OLSSON, T.; MAEHLEN, J.; LÖVE, A.; KLARESKOG, L.; NORRBY, E.; KRISTENSSON, K.
title: Measles Virus Infection Causes Expression of Class I and Class II MHC Antigens in Rat Brain
date: 2006-12-17
journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27144.x
sha: e1852df51e602dbba321e09bd49022f853499773
doc_id: 10192
cord_uid: gc5oqmie

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gamma-interferon and coronavirus infections induce both class I and class I1 antigen expression on neural cells in vitro.2- 5 We studied the extent to which these antigens can be induced during fatal or nonfatal measles virus encephalitis in the rat as well as the occurrence of immunocompetent cells in infected rat brains, as detected by immunostaining. 6 Lewis rats (age 3-14 days) were injected intracerebrally with a hamster neurotropic strain (HNT) of measles virus. Controls received a similar suspension without virus.

The animals were killed between day 4 and day 48 after inoculation, and the brains were dissected and frozen. Coronal sections were cut, fixed, and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Monoclonal antibodies to viral antigen, class I and I1 MHC antigen, and antibodies for T cells and T-cell subsets were used (TABLE 1) , and the binding was visualized by a modified peroxidase antiperoxidase method.

In controls, anti-class I immunoreactivity was detected in intracerebral vessels, but not in brain parenchyma, and anti-class I1 immunoreactivity was absent within the brains of uninfected rats. In both young rats with fatal disease and older rats with a milder course of the infection, a marked induction of both class I and class I1 MHC antigens was detected (TABLE 1) . The anti-class I immunoreactivity was distributed diffusely, probably involving most types of cells in the brain, whereas anti-class I1 immunoreactivity occurred mostly on cells around intracerebral vessels and in small foci in the brain parenchyma. The distribution of class I antigen was not limited to inflammatory cells or areas of the brain where viral antigens were demonstrated. This may suggest induction by some soluble signal substance released during the early phases of the viral infection. In 14-day-old rats with nonfatal infection, there was marked infiltration of T lymphocytes of cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype in the brain parenchyma, whereas T helper cell phenotypes were mainly located perivascularly. In brains from newborn rats with fatal injection none or only a few lymphocytes were detected.

In conclusion, our study emphasizes that the levels of class I and class I1 transplantation antigens can readily be enhanced in the brain during a viral infection, providing the necessary elements for lymphocyte activation and function. intensity and extension were graded. "Brain parenchyma was unstained, whereas endothelial, choroid plexus, and ependymal cells showed anti-class I immunoreactivity.

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