key: cord-0007785-8dkzfo4z authors: Olsen, Cynthia G.; Stiff, Mary I.; Olsen, Richard G. title: Comparison of the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from canine parvovirus-positive and -negative outbred dogs date: 2002-11-13 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(84)90054-0 sha: 9d2660d9eac18d42bcfabc57c3507ad0943887dd doc_id: 7785 cord_uid: 8dkzfo4z Lymphocyte blast transformation assays (LBT) were performed on canine parvovirus (CPV) -positive and -negative mongrel dogs randomly selected from a humane facility. Concanavalin A as well as Phytohemagglutinin P stimulation was depressed (p<0.001) in the group of animals shedding CPV compared to CPV-negative dogs. A panepidemic of canine gastroenteritis occurred in 1978 and, subsequently, the etiological agent was identified as canine parvovirus (CPV). The virus is reported to be transmitted by the fecal-oral route and is stable in the feces for long periods of time (Appel, M.J.G., 1979) . Although dogs of all ages are susceptible to canine parvovirus infection, the mortality rate is highest in puppies (Appel, M.~J.G., et ai., 1979) . Besides possible cardiomegaly, myocarditis, pulmonary congestion, and interstitial pneumonia, an abrogation of the immune system was proposed to occur (Carpenter, J.L., et al, 1980; Krakowka, S., et al, 1982) . The purpose of this research was to investigate peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) function by mitogen stimulation in dogs shedding canine parvovirus. Experiments with CPV infection in conventionalized germ-free dogs did not produce a debilitating enteritis as observed clinically in pet dogs (McAdaraugh et al., 1982, and Pollock, R.V., et al, 1982) . Therefore, studies were done on the PBL function of randomly selected mongrel dogs from an humane facility which had naturally acquired CPV. 0165-2427/84/$03.00 Outbred dogs of various ages were obtained from the Franklin COunty H~mane Facility in Columbus, Ohio. The animals were classified as CPV-positive or -negative dogs based on the presence of CPV in the feces assayed for by the hemagglutination test (HA) described by Carmichael et al. (19g0) . The procedure for the canine LBT was a modification of a method described by Krakowka et al. (1975) . The data are given as the mean + SD. significance. Student's t test was used to determine Initially, mitogen titration studies were done on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 5 CPV-negative mongrel dogs to determine optimum ConA and PHA-P mitogen doses. Maximum ConA stimulation of l x l05 lymphocytes was obtained with O /ag per well (Fig. 1) . The PHA-P stock diluted to 1:10 5 per well provided maximum stimulation (Fig. 2) . In these phytomitogen studies with both ConA (Fig. 3 ) and PHA-P (Fig. 4) Pha-P LBT responses in CPV-positive and -negative mongrel dogs. Canine parvovirus infection in outbred animals causes a debilitating enteritis along with a marked depletion and necrosis of lymphoid tissues (Peyer's patches, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) suggesting immune dysfunction (McAdaraugh, 3.P., et al., 1992) . Recent evidence suggests that CPV infection predisposes dogs to canine distemper virus disease (Krakowka et al.~ 1992. Since CPV challenge in conventionalized germ-free dogs does not produce the clinical findings of canine parvovirus infection (Pollock, R.V.3.~ 1992) , we decided to study the immune status of outbred animals shedding CPV. To evaluate the lymphocyte function in these animals, LBT assays with phytomitogens were performed. The group of CPV-positive dogs showed a depressed lymphocyte function. Since these animals were randomly selected from a humane facility, information on variables such as age of animal~ time and phase of infection and amount of inoculum was not available. Despite the fact that these conditions were not consistent from animal to animal, a statistically significant state of immunosuppression exists in the animals shedding virus. Although these animals were not Canine Parvovirus Infection -An Energizing Disease. Cornell Research Lab for Diseases of Dogs Canine Viral Enteritis. I. Status Report on Coronavirus and Parvo-like Viral Enteritis Hemagglutination by Canine Parvovirus. Serologic Studies and Diagnostic Application Intestinal and Cardiopulmonary Forms of Parvovirus Infection in a Litter of Pups Effects of Canine Distemper Virus Infection on Lymphoid Function In Vitro and In Vivo Canine Parvovirus Infection Potentiates Canine Distemper Encephalitis Attributable to Modified Live-Virus Vaccine Experimental Infection of Conventionalized Dogs with Canine Parvovirus Experimental Canine Parvovirus Infection in Dogs