Anopheles gambiae is the major African vector of malaria parasites, which are responsible for almost 1 million deaths annually, predominantly small children. Improving our understanding of the biology of the mosquito vectors is important in generating new methods of control at a time when there is emerging resistance of the mosquito to insecticide and resistance of the malaria parasite to drug treatment. In this work the identification, characterization and comparison of rhythmic gene expression under light:dark and dark:dark conditions in An. gambiae mosquitoes using DNA microarrays is performed. Comparisons are also made to rhythmic gene profiling previously performed in the Aedes aegypti mosquito. One prominent set of rhythmic genes identified included olfactory and blood-feeding behavior genes. Quantitative proteomics was performed on antennae of these mosquitoes, confirming the rhythmic protein levels of several of these proteins. Time-of-day specific changes in electroantennogram (EAG) sensitivity and blood feeding behavior was also demonstrated. Finally, the characterization and comparison of daily flight rhythms in male and female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes of the M & S molecular forms is performed.