This project is a comparative study of British, Irish, and Spanish Modernisms, which investigates the childhood and early adult experiences and subsequent literary careers of canonical British and European modernists, namely W. B. Yeats, Federico García Lorca, and Virginia Woolf. I argue that the nurses and domestic servants of these modernists were crucial to their aesthetic development. In turn, I argue that these individual case studies can be scaled and extended to refine the standard narrative of European Modernism. Servants played, in other words, a critical role in the development and maturation of modernism. My dissertation draws on unpublished and granular archival research to recover and describe the biographical and aesthetic interactions between major European writers and their servants. I use new and emerging computational text analysis methods as well as critical theories borrowed from Cultural Studies and the Philosophy of Language to recover, describe, and evaluate the relationships between artists and servants. Take, for instance, Mary Battle, the domestic servant of Yeats's uncle, George Pollexfen. For all of the fury of the Yeats industry, and despite her deep-rooted collaborations with Yeats, to my knowledge, there has not been a single article written on Battle.By looking at both historical and fictional servants, I sketch new literary and cultural theoretical models of the relationship between artist and servant that have broader implications for questions concerning gender, class, historiography, aesthetic production, and the intellectual history of European Modernisms. I argue specifically that in the collaboration among artists and servants, we see a new and unprecedented mode of cultural and artistic transmission between tradition and modernity. For Pushkin, Yeats, Lorca, Manuel de Falla, Proust, Dickens, and Woolf, to name but a few, British and European Modernisms and much of what preceded it developed to a significant degree not in the café but in the kitchen through conversations and aesthetic experiments between artists and servants. These recovered histories not only change how we read the figure of the servant in modernist literature but also the broader narrative of British and European Modernisms and aesthetics.