Cognitive developmental theory's claims about the fundamental role of moral judgments on moral functioning lack empirical evidence. This paper discusses an alternative theory for understanding moral functioning—moral self-identity—and its three claims: judgments of responsibility, the moral self, and self-consistency. This paper focuses on the moral self, its conceptualization and measurement. Current measures fail to capture the comprehensiveness of individual differences. Therefore, we propose an alternative method using Q methodology. We combine the use of moral prototypicality ratings and Q methodology to identify five groups of people with differing viewpoints about their self-identity. All groups prioritized prototypic moral notions, but did so in significantly different ways. We discuss how Q methodology provides an innovative illustration of the dimensions of individual differences, how this method can be connected to specific theories of moral self-identity, and how there is great promise in the continued use of Q methodology.