id sid tid token lemma pos sf268339w00 1 1 despite despite SCONJ sf268339w00 1 2 the the DET sf268339w00 1 3 growing grow VERB sf268339w00 1 4 interest interest NOUN sf268339w00 1 5 in in ADP sf268339w00 1 6 seismic seismic ADJ sf268339w00 1 7 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 1 8 strains strain NOUN sf268339w00 1 9 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 1 10 rotations rotation NOUN sf268339w00 1 11 within within ADP sf268339w00 1 12 the the DET sf268339w00 1 13 seismological seismological ADJ sf268339w00 1 14 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 1 15 engineering engineering NOUN sf268339w00 1 16 communities community NOUN sf268339w00 1 17 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 1 18 the the DET sf268339w00 1 19 scarce scarce ADJ sf268339w00 1 20 number number NOUN sf268339w00 1 21 of of ADP sf268339w00 1 22 direct direct ADJ sf268339w00 1 23 measurements measurement NOUN sf268339w00 1 24 or or CCONJ sf268339w00 1 25 indirect indirect ADJ sf268339w00 1 26 estimations estimation NOUN sf268339w00 1 27 of of ADP sf268339w00 1 28 these these DET sf268339w00 1 29 motions motion NOUN sf268339w00 1 30 in in ADP sf268339w00 1 31 the the DET sf268339w00 1 32 near near ADJ sf268339w00 1 33 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 1 34 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 1 35 region region NOUN sf268339w00 1 36 of of ADP sf268339w00 1 37 strong strong ADJ sf268339w00 1 38 earthquakes earthquake NOUN sf268339w00 1 39 has have AUX sf268339w00 1 40 hindered hinder VERB sf268339w00 1 41 their their PRON sf268339w00 1 42 thorough thorough ADJ sf268339w00 1 43 investigation investigation NOUN sf268339w00 1 44 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 2 1 this this DET sf268339w00 2 2 dissertation dissertation NOUN sf268339w00 2 3 focuses focus VERB sf268339w00 2 4 on on ADP sf268339w00 2 5 ( ( PUNCT sf268339w00 2 6 a a X sf268339w00 2 7 ) ) PUNCT sf268339w00 2 8 utilizing utilize VERB sf268339w00 2 9 physics physics NOUN sf268339w00 2 10 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 2 11 based base VERB sf268339w00 2 12 simulation simulation NOUN sf268339w00 2 13 techniques technique NOUN sf268339w00 2 14 to to PART sf268339w00 2 15 enhance enhance VERB sf268339w00 2 16 the the DET sf268339w00 2 17 characterization characterization NOUN sf268339w00 2 18 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 2 19 modeling modeling NOUN sf268339w00 2 20 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 2 21 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 2 22 simulation simulation NOUN sf268339w00 2 23 of of ADP sf268339w00 2 24 near near ADJ sf268339w00 2 25 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 2 26 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 2 27 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 2 28 strains strain NOUN sf268339w00 2 29 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 2 30 rotations rotation NOUN sf268339w00 2 31 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 2 32 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 2 33 ( ( PUNCT sf268339w00 2 34 b b X sf268339w00 2 35 ) ) PUNCT sf268339w00 2 36 investigating investigate VERB sf268339w00 2 37 the the DET sf268339w00 2 38 torsional torsional ADJ sf268339w00 2 39 response response NOUN sf268339w00 2 40 of of ADP sf268339w00 2 41 buildings building NOUN sf268339w00 2 42 arising arise VERB sf268339w00 2 43 from from ADP sf268339w00 2 44 wave wave NOUN sf268339w00 2 45 passage passage NOUN sf268339w00 2 46 effects effect NOUN sf268339w00 2 47 in in ADP sf268339w00 2 48 the the DET sf268339w00 2 49 near near ADJ sf268339w00 2 50 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 2 51 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 2 52 region.a region.a ADJ sf268339w00 2 53 comparison comparison NOUN sf268339w00 2 54 between between ADP sf268339w00 2 55 observed observed ADJ sf268339w00 2 56 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 2 57 synthetic synthetic ADJ sf268339w00 2 58 near near ADJ sf268339w00 2 59 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 2 60 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 2 61 dynamic dynamic ADJ sf268339w00 2 62 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 2 63 strains strain NOUN sf268339w00 2 64 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 2 65 rotations rotation NOUN sf268339w00 2 66 is be AUX sf268339w00 2 67 presented present VERB sf268339w00 2 68 for for ADP sf268339w00 2 69 the the DET sf268339w00 2 70 2004 2004 NUM sf268339w00 2 71 parkfield parkfield NOUN sf268339w00 2 72 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 2 73 california california PROPN sf268339w00 2 74 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 2 75 earthquake earthquake NOUN sf268339w00 2 76 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 2 77 indicating indicate VERB sf268339w00 2 78 that that SCONJ sf268339w00 2 79 numerical numerical ADJ sf268339w00 2 80 simulations simulation NOUN sf268339w00 2 81 based base VERB sf268339w00 2 82 on on ADP sf268339w00 2 83 kinematic kinematic ADJ sf268339w00 2 84 source source NOUN sf268339w00 2 85 models model NOUN sf268339w00 2 86 can can AUX sf268339w00 2 87 be be AUX sf268339w00 2 88 an an DET sf268339w00 2 89 effective effective ADJ sf268339w00 2 90 tool tool NOUN sf268339w00 2 91 for for ADP sf268339w00 2 92 characterizing characterize VERB sf268339w00 2 93 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 2 94 predicting predict VERB sf268339w00 2 95 these these DET sf268339w00 2 96 motions motion NOUN sf268339w00 2 97 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 3 1 the the DET sf268339w00 3 2 sensitivity sensitivity NOUN sf268339w00 3 3 of of ADP sf268339w00 3 4 near near ADJ sf268339w00 3 5 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 3 6 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 3 7 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 3 8 strains strain NOUN sf268339w00 3 9 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 3 10 rotations rotation NOUN sf268339w00 3 11 to to ADP sf268339w00 3 12 variations variation NOUN sf268339w00 3 13 in in ADP sf268339w00 3 14 seismic seismic ADJ sf268339w00 3 15 source source NOUN sf268339w00 3 16 parameters parameter NOUN sf268339w00 3 17 ( ( PUNCT sf268339w00 3 18 e.g. e.g. ADV sf268339w00 3 19 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 3 20 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 3 21 type type NOUN sf268339w00 3 22 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 3 23 magnitude magnitude NOUN sf268339w00 3 24 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 3 25 rupture rupture NOUN sf268339w00 3 26 velocity velocity NOUN sf268339w00 3 27 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 3 28 slip slip NOUN sf268339w00 3 29 velocity velocity NOUN sf268339w00 3 30 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 3 31 hypocenter hypocenter ADJ sf268339w00 3 32 location location NOUN sf268339w00 3 33 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 3 34 burial burial NOUN sf268339w00 3 35 depth depth NOUN sf268339w00 3 36 ) ) PUNCT sf268339w00 3 37 is be AUX sf268339w00 3 38 then then ADV sf268339w00 3 39 assessed assess VERB sf268339w00 3 40 by by ADP sf268339w00 3 41 performing perform VERB sf268339w00 3 42 finite finite ADJ sf268339w00 3 43 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 3 44 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 3 45 simulations simulation NOUN sf268339w00 3 46 of of ADP sf268339w00 3 47 hypothetical hypothetical ADJ sf268339w00 3 48 strike strike NOUN sf268339w00 3 49 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 3 50 slip slip NOUN sf268339w00 3 51 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 3 52 dip dip NOUN sf268339w00 3 53 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 3 54 slip slip NOUN sf268339w00 3 55 earthquakes earthquake NOUN sf268339w00 3 56 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 4 1 furthermore furthermore ADV sf268339w00 4 2 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 4 3 the the DET sf268339w00 4 4 characteristics characteristic NOUN sf268339w00 4 5 of of ADP sf268339w00 4 6 near near ADJ sf268339w00 4 7 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 4 8 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 4 9 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 4 10 strains strain NOUN sf268339w00 4 11 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 4 12 rotations rotation NOUN sf268339w00 4 13 from from ADP sf268339w00 4 14 actual actual ADJ sf268339w00 4 15 earthquakes earthquake NOUN sf268339w00 4 16 are be AUX sf268339w00 4 17 investigated investigate VERB sf268339w00 4 18 for for ADP sf268339w00 4 19 six six NUM sf268339w00 4 20 well well ADV sf268339w00 4 21 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 4 22 documented document VERB sf268339w00 4 23 seismic seismic ADJ sf268339w00 4 24 events event NOUN sf268339w00 4 25 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 4 26 including include VERB sf268339w00 4 27 three three NUM sf268339w00 4 28 strike strike NOUN sf268339w00 4 29 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 4 30 slip slip NOUN sf268339w00 4 31 ( ( PUNCT sf268339w00 4 32 2004 2004 NUM sf268339w00 4 33 parkfield parkfield NOUN sf268339w00 4 34 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 4 35 1979 1979 NUM sf268339w00 4 36 imperial imperial ADJ sf268339w00 4 37 valley valley NOUN sf268339w00 4 38 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 4 39 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 4 40 1999 1999 NUM sf268339w00 4 41 izmit izmit PROPN sf268339w00 4 42 ) ) PUNCT sf268339w00 4 43 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 4 44 three three NUM sf268339w00 4 45 dip dip NOUN sf268339w00 4 46 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 4 47 slip slip NOUN sf268339w00 4 48 ( ( PUNCT sf268339w00 4 49 1994 1994 NUM sf268339w00 4 50 northridge northridge NOUN sf268339w00 4 51 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 4 52 1989 1989 NUM sf268339w00 4 53 loma loma PROPN sf268339w00 4 54 prieta prieta PROPN sf268339w00 4 55 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 4 56 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 4 57 1985 1985 NUM sf268339w00 4 58 michoacan michoacan PROPN sf268339w00 4 59 ) ) PUNCT sf268339w00 4 60 earthquakes earthquake NOUN sf268339w00 4 61 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 5 1 in in ADP sf268339w00 5 2 addition addition NOUN sf268339w00 5 3 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 5 4 the the DET sf268339w00 5 5 effects effect NOUN sf268339w00 5 6 of of ADP sf268339w00 5 7 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 5 8 rupture rupture NOUN sf268339w00 5 9 characteristics characteristic NOUN sf268339w00 5 10 ( ( PUNCT sf268339w00 5 11 e.g. e.g. ADV sf268339w00 5 12 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 5 13 slip slip NOUN sf268339w00 5 14 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 5 15 rupture rupture NOUN sf268339w00 5 16 velocity velocity NOUN sf268339w00 5 17 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 5 18 state state NOUN sf268339w00 5 19 of of ADP sf268339w00 5 20 stress stress NOUN sf268339w00 5 21 ) ) PUNCT sf268339w00 5 22 on on ADP sf268339w00 5 23 near near ADJ sf268339w00 5 24 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 5 25 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 5 26 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 5 27 strains strain NOUN sf268339w00 5 28 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 5 29 rotations rotation NOUN sf268339w00 5 30 are be AUX sf268339w00 5 31 investigated investigate VERB sf268339w00 5 32 using use VERB sf268339w00 5 33 the the DET sf268339w00 5 34 concept concept NOUN sf268339w00 5 35 of of ADP sf268339w00 5 36 s s NOUN sf268339w00 5 37 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 5 38 wave wave NOUN sf268339w00 5 39 isochrones isochrone NOUN sf268339w00 5 40 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 6 1 finally finally ADV sf268339w00 6 2 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 6 3 the the DET sf268339w00 6 4 contribution contribution NOUN sf268339w00 6 5 of of ADP sf268339w00 6 6 synthetic synthetic ADJ sf268339w00 6 7 low low ADJ sf268339w00 6 8 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 6 9 frequency frequency NOUN sf268339w00 6 10 rocking rock VERB sf268339w00 6 11 components component NOUN sf268339w00 6 12 of of ADP sf268339w00 6 13 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 6 14 motion motion NOUN sf268339w00 6 15 to to ADP sf268339w00 6 16 the the DET sf268339w00 6 17 seismic seismic ADJ sf268339w00 6 18 response response NOUN sf268339w00 6 19 of of ADP sf268339w00 6 20 single single ADJ sf268339w00 6 21 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 6 22 degree degree NOUN sf268339w00 6 23 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 6 24 of of ADP sf268339w00 6 25 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 6 26 freedom freedom NOUN sf268339w00 6 27 systems system NOUN sf268339w00 6 28 is be AUX sf268339w00 6 29 investigated investigate VERB sf268339w00 6 30 by by ADP sf268339w00 6 31 generating generate VERB sf268339w00 6 32 coupled couple VERB sf268339w00 6 33 rocking rocking NOUN sf268339w00 6 34 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 6 35 translational translational ADJ sf268339w00 6 36 response response NOUN sf268339w00 6 37 spectra.the spectra.the DET sf268339w00 6 38 effects effect NOUN sf268339w00 6 39 of of ADP sf268339w00 6 40 wave wave NOUN sf268339w00 6 41 passage passage NOUN sf268339w00 6 42 on on ADP sf268339w00 6 43 the the DET sf268339w00 6 44 torsional torsional ADJ sf268339w00 6 45 response response NOUN sf268339w00 6 46 of of ADP sf268339w00 6 47 symmetric symmetric ADJ sf268339w00 6 48 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 6 49 elastic elastic ADJ sf268339w00 6 50 buildings building NOUN sf268339w00 6 51 in in ADP sf268339w00 6 52 the the DET sf268339w00 6 53 near near ADJ sf268339w00 6 54 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 6 55 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 6 56 region region NOUN sf268339w00 6 57 are be AUX sf268339w00 6 58 investigated investigate VERB sf268339w00 6 59 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 7 1 a a DET sf268339w00 7 2 parametric parametric ADJ sf268339w00 7 3 analysis analysis NOUN sf268339w00 7 4 of of ADP sf268339w00 7 5 the the DET sf268339w00 7 6 maximum maximum ADJ sf268339w00 7 7 relative relative ADJ sf268339w00 7 8 twist twist NOUN sf268339w00 7 9 of of ADP sf268339w00 7 10 the the DET sf268339w00 7 11 superstructure superstructure NOUN sf268339w00 7 12 as as ADP sf268339w00 7 13 a a DET sf268339w00 7 14 function function NOUN sf268339w00 7 15 of of ADP sf268339w00 7 16 the the DET sf268339w00 7 17 input input NOUN sf268339w00 7 18 parameters parameter NOUN sf268339w00 7 19 of of ADP sf268339w00 7 20 the the DET sf268339w00 7 21 seismic seismic ADJ sf268339w00 7 22 excitation excitation NOUN sf268339w00 7 23 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 7 24 soil soil NOUN sf268339w00 7 25 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 7 26 foundation foundation NOUN sf268339w00 7 27 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 7 28 structure structure NOUN sf268339w00 7 29 system system NOUN sf268339w00 7 30 is be AUX sf268339w00 7 31 performed perform VERB sf268339w00 7 32 to to PART sf268339w00 7 33 identify identify VERB sf268339w00 7 34 the the DET sf268339w00 7 35 parameters parameter NOUN sf268339w00 7 36 that that PRON sf268339w00 7 37 control control VERB sf268339w00 7 38 the the DET sf268339w00 7 39 torsional torsional ADJ sf268339w00 7 40 response response NOUN sf268339w00 7 41 of of ADP sf268339w00 7 42 buildings building NOUN sf268339w00 7 43 due due ADJ sf268339w00 7 44 to to PART sf268339w00 7 45 wave wave NOUN sf268339w00 7 46 passage passage NOUN sf268339w00 7 47 in in ADP sf268339w00 7 48 the the DET sf268339w00 7 49 near near ADJ sf268339w00 7 50 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 7 51 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 7 52 region region NOUN sf268339w00 7 53 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 8 1 the the DET sf268339w00 8 2 increase increase NOUN sf268339w00 8 3 in in ADP sf268339w00 8 4 building build VERB sf268339w00 8 5 displacements displacement NOUN sf268339w00 8 6 due due ADP sf268339w00 8 7 to to ADP sf268339w00 8 8 the the DET sf268339w00 8 9 torsional torsional ADJ sf268339w00 8 10 response response NOUN sf268339w00 8 11 is be AUX sf268339w00 8 12 further far ADV sf268339w00 8 13 evaluated evaluate VERB sf268339w00 8 14 by by ADP sf268339w00 8 15 comparing compare VERB sf268339w00 8 16 the the DET sf268339w00 8 17 accidental accidental ADJ sf268339w00 8 18 eccentricity eccentricity NOUN sf268339w00 8 19 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 8 20 estimated estimate VERB sf268339w00 8 21 from from ADP sf268339w00 8 22 the the DET sf268339w00 8 23 translational translational ADJ sf268339w00 8 24 and and CCONJ sf268339w00 8 25 torsional torsional ADJ sf268339w00 8 26 components component NOUN sf268339w00 8 27 of of ADP sf268339w00 8 28 the the DET sf268339w00 8 29 building building NOUN sf268339w00 8 30 response response NOUN sf268339w00 8 31 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 8 32 with with ADP sf268339w00 8 33 code code NOUN sf268339w00 8 34 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 8 35 prescribed prescribe VERB sf268339w00 8 36 values value NOUN sf268339w00 8 37 . . PUNCT sf268339w00 9 1 for for ADP sf268339w00 9 2 symmetric symmetric ADJ sf268339w00 9 3 buildings building NOUN sf268339w00 9 4 with with ADP sf268339w00 9 5 values value NOUN sf268339w00 9 6 of of ADP sf268339w00 9 7 uncoupled uncoupled ADJ sf268339w00 9 8 torsional torsional ADJ sf268339w00 9 9 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 9 10 to to ADP sf268339w00 9 11 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 9 12 translational translational ADJ sf268339w00 9 13 fundamental fundamental ADJ sf268339w00 9 14 frequency frequency NOUN sf268339w00 9 15 ratio ratio NOUN sf268339w00 9 16 commonly commonly ADV sf268339w00 9 17 used use VERB sf268339w00 9 18 in in ADP sf268339w00 9 19 design design NOUN sf268339w00 9 20 practice practice NOUN sf268339w00 9 21 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 9 22 the the DET sf268339w00 9 23 normalized normalize VERB sf268339w00 9 24 accidental accidental ADJ sf268339w00 9 25 eccentricity eccentricity NOUN sf268339w00 9 26 due due ADP sf268339w00 9 27 to to PART sf268339w00 9 28 wave wave VERB sf268339w00 9 29 passage passage NOUN sf268339w00 9 30 effects effect NOUN sf268339w00 9 31 arising arise VERB sf268339w00 9 32 from from ADP sf268339w00 9 33 near near ADJ sf268339w00 9 34 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 9 35 fault fault NOUN sf268339w00 9 36 pulse pulse NOUN sf268339w00 9 37 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 9 38 like like ADJ sf268339w00 9 39 ground ground NOUN sf268339w00 9 40 motions motion NOUN sf268339w00 9 41 is be AUX sf268339w00 9 42 generally generally ADV sf268339w00 9 43 less less ADJ sf268339w00 9 44 than than ADP sf268339w00 9 45 the the DET sf268339w00 9 46 typical typical ADJ sf268339w00 9 47 code code NOUN sf268339w00 9 48 - - PUNCT sf268339w00 9 49 prescribed prescribe VERB sf268339w00 9 50 value value NOUN sf268339w00 9 51 of of ADP sf268339w00 9 52 5 5 NUM sf268339w00 9 53 % % NOUN sf268339w00 9 54 , , PUNCT sf268339w00 9 55 except except SCONJ sf268339w00 9 56 for for ADP sf268339w00 9 57 buildings building NOUN sf268339w00 9 58 with with ADP sf268339w00 9 59 a a DET sf268339w00 9 60 very very ADV sf268339w00 9 61 large large ADJ sf268339w00 9 62 foundation foundation NOUN sf268339w00 9 63 radius radius NOUN sf268339w00 9 64 . . PUNCT