id sid tid token lemma pos s7526973b8b 1 1 whether whether SCONJ s7526973b8b 1 2 implicit implicit ADJ s7526973b8b 1 3 or or CCONJ s7526973b8b 1 4 explicit explicit ADJ s7526973b8b 1 5 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 1 6 the the DET s7526973b8b 1 7 extant extant ADJ s7526973b8b 1 8 literature literature NOUN s7526973b8b 1 9 tends tend VERB s7526973b8b 1 10 to to PART s7526973b8b 1 11 conceptualize conceptualize VERB s7526973b8b 1 12 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 1 13 - - PUNCT s7526973b8b 1 14 educated educate VERB s7526973b8b 1 15 individuals individual NOUN s7526973b8b 1 16 as as ADP s7526973b8b 1 17 those those PRON s7526973b8b 1 18 who who PRON s7526973b8b 1 19 have have AUX s7526973b8b 1 20 graduated graduate VERB s7526973b8b 1 21 with with ADP s7526973b8b 1 22 a a DET s7526973b8b 1 23 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 1 24 degree degree NOUN s7526973b8b 1 25 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 2 1 i i PRON s7526973b8b 2 2 argue argue VERB s7526973b8b 2 3 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 2 4 this this PRON s7526973b8b 2 5 is be AUX s7526973b8b 2 6 an an DET s7526973b8b 2 7 assumption assumption NOUN s7526973b8b 2 8 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 2 9 undervalues undervalue VERB s7526973b8b 2 10 the the DET s7526973b8b 2 11 political political ADJ s7526973b8b 2 12 significance significance NOUN s7526973b8b 2 13 of of ADP s7526973b8b 2 14 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ s7526973b8b 2 15 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 2 16 experiences experience NOUN s7526973b8b 2 17 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 3 1 thus thus ADV s7526973b8b 3 2 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 3 3 in in ADP s7526973b8b 3 4 my my PRON s7526973b8b 3 5 dissertation dissertation NOUN s7526973b8b 3 6 i i PRON s7526973b8b 3 7 ask ask VERB s7526973b8b 3 8 : : PUNCT s7526973b8b 3 9 what what PRON s7526973b8b 3 10 is be AUX s7526973b8b 3 11 the the DET s7526973b8b 3 12 effect effect NOUN s7526973b8b 3 13 of of ADP s7526973b8b 3 14 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ s7526973b8b 3 15 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 3 16 experiences experience NOUN s7526973b8b 3 17 on on ADP s7526973b8b 3 18 civic civic ADJ s7526973b8b 3 19 engagement engagement NOUN s7526973b8b 3 20 ? ? PUNCT s7526973b8b 4 1 more more ADV s7526973b8b 4 2 often often ADV s7526973b8b 4 3 than than ADP s7526973b8b 4 4 not not PART s7526973b8b 4 5 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 4 6 respondents respondent NOUN s7526973b8b 4 7 are be AUX s7526973b8b 4 8 asked ask VERB s7526973b8b 4 9 to to PART s7526973b8b 4 10 specify specify VERB s7526973b8b 4 11 the the DET s7526973b8b 4 12 highest high ADJ s7526973b8b 4 13 degree degree NOUN s7526973b8b 4 14 that that PRON s7526973b8b 4 15 they they PRON s7526973b8b 4 16 have have AUX s7526973b8b 4 17 obtained obtain VERB s7526973b8b 4 18 and and CCONJ s7526973b8b 4 19 grouped group VERB s7526973b8b 4 20 into into ADP s7526973b8b 4 21 broad broad ADJ s7526973b8b 4 22 categories category NOUN s7526973b8b 4 23 as as ADP s7526973b8b 4 24 a a DET s7526973b8b 4 25 result result NOUN s7526973b8b 4 26 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 5 1 i i PRON s7526973b8b 5 2 show show VERB s7526973b8b 5 3 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 5 4 using use VERB s7526973b8b 5 5 " " PUNCT s7526973b8b 5 6 years year NOUN s7526973b8b 5 7 of of ADP s7526973b8b 5 8 schooling schooling NOUN s7526973b8b 5 9 " " PUNCT s7526973b8b 5 10 as as SCONJ s7526973b8b 5 11 the the DET s7526973b8b 5 12 measure measure NOUN s7526973b8b 5 13 of of ADP s7526973b8b 5 14 educational educational ADJ s7526973b8b 5 15 attainment attainment NOUN s7526973b8b 5 16 in in ADP s7526973b8b 5 17 statistical statistical ADJ s7526973b8b 5 18 analyses analysis NOUN s7526973b8b 5 19 yields yield VERB s7526973b8b 5 20 more more ADV s7526973b8b 5 21 accurate accurate ADJ s7526973b8b 5 22 information information NOUN s7526973b8b 5 23 about about ADP s7526973b8b 5 24 the the DET s7526973b8b 5 25 effect effect NOUN s7526973b8b 5 26 of of ADP s7526973b8b 5 27 education education NOUN s7526973b8b 5 28 than than ADP s7526973b8b 5 29 measures measure NOUN s7526973b8b 5 30 that that PRON s7526973b8b 5 31 are be AUX s7526973b8b 5 32 based base VERB s7526973b8b 5 33 on on ADP s7526973b8b 5 34 degree degree NOUN s7526973b8b 5 35 receipt receipt NOUN s7526973b8b 5 36 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 6 1 furthermore furthermore ADV s7526973b8b 6 2 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 6 3 information information NOUN s7526973b8b 6 4 about about ADP s7526973b8b 6 5 why why SCONJ s7526973b8b 6 6 higher high ADJ s7526973b8b 6 7 education education NOUN s7526973b8b 6 8 undermines undermine VERB s7526973b8b 6 9 political political ADJ s7526973b8b 6 10 apathy apathy NOUN s7526973b8b 6 11 and and CCONJ s7526973b8b 6 12 bolsters bolster NOUN s7526973b8b 6 13 adherence adherence NOUN s7526973b8b 6 14 to to ADP s7526973b8b 6 15 communal communal ADJ s7526973b8b 6 16 norms norm NOUN s7526973b8b 6 17 is be AUX s7526973b8b 6 18 a a DET s7526973b8b 6 19 black black ADJ s7526973b8b 6 20 box box NOUN s7526973b8b 6 21 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 7 1 through through ADP s7526973b8b 7 2 classroom classroom NOUN s7526973b8b 7 3 observations observation NOUN s7526973b8b 7 4 and and CCONJ s7526973b8b 7 5 interviews interview NOUN s7526973b8b 7 6 with with ADP s7526973b8b 7 7 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 7 8 students student NOUN s7526973b8b 7 9 and and CCONJ s7526973b8b 7 10 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 7 11 dropouts dropout NOUN s7526973b8b 7 12 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 7 13 i i PRON s7526973b8b 7 14 systematically systematically ADV s7526973b8b 7 15 analyze analyze VERB s7526973b8b 7 16 what what PRON s7526973b8b 7 17 it it PRON s7526973b8b 7 18 is be AUX s7526973b8b 7 19 about about ADP s7526973b8b 7 20 the the DET s7526973b8b 7 21 collegiate collegiate ADJ s7526973b8b 7 22 learning learning NOUN s7526973b8b 7 23 process process NOUN s7526973b8b 7 24 that that PRON s7526973b8b 7 25 increases increase VERB s7526973b8b 7 26 the the DET s7526973b8b 7 27 likelihood likelihood NOUN s7526973b8b 7 28 of of ADP s7526973b8b 7 29 civic civic ADJ s7526973b8b 7 30 engagement engagement NOUN s7526973b8b 7 31 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 8 1 my my PRON s7526973b8b 8 2 empirical empirical ADJ s7526973b8b 8 3 results result NOUN s7526973b8b 8 4 support support VERB s7526973b8b 8 5 the the DET s7526973b8b 8 6 contention contention NOUN s7526973b8b 8 7 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 8 8 exposure exposure NOUN s7526973b8b 8 9 to to ADP s7526973b8b 8 10 a a DET s7526973b8b 8 11 post post ADJ s7526973b8b 8 12 - - ADJ s7526973b8b 8 13 secondary secondary ADJ s7526973b8b 8 14 educational educational ADJ s7526973b8b 8 15 environment environment NOUN s7526973b8b 8 16 increases increase VERB s7526973b8b 8 17 the the DET s7526973b8b 8 18 likelihood likelihood NOUN s7526973b8b 8 19 of of ADP s7526973b8b 8 20 engaging engage VERB s7526973b8b 8 21 in in ADP s7526973b8b 8 22 several several ADJ s7526973b8b 8 23 civic civic ADJ s7526973b8b 8 24 and and CCONJ s7526973b8b 8 25 political political ADJ s7526973b8b 8 26 activities activity NOUN s7526973b8b 8 27 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 9 1 however however ADV s7526973b8b 9 2 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 9 3 they they PRON s7526973b8b 9 4 also also ADV s7526973b8b 9 5 reveal reveal VERB s7526973b8b 9 6 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 9 7 socioeconomic socioeconomic ADJ s7526973b8b 9 8 mitigating mitigate VERB s7526973b8b 9 9 factors factor NOUN s7526973b8b 9 10 undermine undermine VERB s7526973b8b 9 11 the the DET s7526973b8b 9 12 positive positive ADJ s7526973b8b 9 13 effect effect NOUN s7526973b8b 9 14 of of ADP s7526973b8b 9 15 the the DET s7526973b8b 9 16 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 9 17 environment environment NOUN s7526973b8b 9 18 in in ADP s7526973b8b 9 19 various various ADJ s7526973b8b 9 20 ways way NOUN s7526973b8b 9 21 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 10 1 i i PRON s7526973b8b 10 2 conclude conclude VERB s7526973b8b 10 3 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 10 4 conceptualizing conceptualize VERB s7526973b8b 10 5 education education NOUN s7526973b8b 10 6 as as ADP s7526973b8b 10 7 the the DET s7526973b8b 10 8 " " PUNCT s7526973b8b 10 9 highest high ADJ s7526973b8b 10 10 degree degree NOUN s7526973b8b 10 11 obtained obtain VERB s7526973b8b 10 12 " " PUNCT s7526973b8b 10 13 is be AUX s7526973b8b 10 14 not not PART s7526973b8b 10 15 an an DET s7526973b8b 10 16 adequate adequate ADJ s7526973b8b 10 17 measure measure NOUN s7526973b8b 10 18 of of ADP s7526973b8b 10 19 an an DET s7526973b8b 10 20 individual individual NOUN s7526973b8b 10 21 's 's PART s7526973b8b 10 22 educational educational ADJ s7526973b8b 10 23 experience experience NOUN s7526973b8b 10 24 and and CCONJ s7526973b8b 10 25 the the DET s7526973b8b 10 26 impact impact NOUN s7526973b8b 10 27 that that PRON s7526973b8b 10 28 it it PRON s7526973b8b 10 29 can can AUX s7526973b8b 10 30 have have VERB s7526973b8b 10 31 over over ADP s7526973b8b 10 32 time time NOUN s7526973b8b 10 33 . . PUNCT s7526973b8b 11 1 by by ADP s7526973b8b 11 2 shifting shift VERB s7526973b8b 11 3 out out ADP s7526973b8b 11 4 focus focus NOUN s7526973b8b 11 5 from from ADP s7526973b8b 11 6 degree degree NOUN s7526973b8b 11 7 receipt receipt NOUN s7526973b8b 11 8 to to ADP s7526973b8b 11 9 educational educational ADJ s7526973b8b 11 10 experience experience NOUN s7526973b8b 11 11 , , PUNCT s7526973b8b 11 12 we we PRON s7526973b8b 11 13 can can AUX s7526973b8b 11 14 capture capture VERB s7526973b8b 11 15 the the DET s7526973b8b 11 16 effect effect NOUN s7526973b8b 11 17 that that SCONJ s7526973b8b 11 18 the the DET s7526973b8b 11 19 college college NOUN s7526973b8b 11 20 environment environment NOUN s7526973b8b 11 21 has have VERB s7526973b8b 11 22 on on ADP s7526973b8b 11 23 civic civic ADJ s7526973b8b 11 24 engagement engagement NOUN s7526973b8b 11 25 with with ADP s7526973b8b 11 26 greater great ADJ s7526973b8b 11 27 precision precision NOUN s7526973b8b 11 28 . . PUNCT