id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
pv63fx73p1b	1	1	this	this	DET
pv63fx73p1b	1	2	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	1	3	contains	contain	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	1	4	three	three	NUM
pv63fx73p1b	1	5	essays	essay	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	1	6	about	about	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	1	7	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	1	8	economics	economic	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	1	9	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	1	10	health	health	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	1	11	and	and	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	1	12	health	health	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	1	13	care	care	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	1	14	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	2	1	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	2	2	chapters	chapter	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	3	that	that	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	2	4	follow	follow	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	2	5	consider	consider	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	2	6	health	health	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	7	inputs	input	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	8	through	through	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	2	9	multiple	multiple	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	2	10	channels	channel	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	11	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	2	12	including	include	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	2	13	health	health	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	14	care	care	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	15	providers	provider	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	16	and	and	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	2	17	family	family	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	18	structure	structure	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	2	19	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	3	1	motivated	motivate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	3	2	by	by	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	3	3	extraordinary	extraordinary	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	3	4	growth	growth	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	5	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	3	6	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	3	7	outpatient	outpatient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	8	surgery	surgery	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	9	market	market	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	10	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	3	11	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	3	12	past	past	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	3	13	30	30	NUM
pv63fx73p1b	3	14	years	year	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	15	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	3	16	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	3	17	first	first	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	3	18	chapter	chapter	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	19	examines	examine	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	3	20	ambulatory	ambulatory	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	3	21	surgery	surgery	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	22	centers	center	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	23	(	(	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	3	24	ascs	ascs	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	25	)	)	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	3	26	as	as	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	3	27	an	an	DET
pv63fx73p1b	3	28	alternative	alternative	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	29	to	to	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	3	30	outpatient	outpatient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	31	surgery	surgery	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	32	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	3	33	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	3	34	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	4	1	for	for	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	4	2	a	a	DET
pv63fx73p1b	4	3	national	national	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	4	4	sample	sample	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	5	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	4	6	medicare	medicare	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	4	7	patients	patient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	8	that	that	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	4	9	varies	vary	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	4	10	over	over	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	4	11	time	time	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	12	and	and	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	4	13	controlling	control	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	4	14	for	for	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	4	15	physician	physician	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	16	fixed	fix	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	4	17	effects	effect	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	18	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	4	19	we	we	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	4	20	show	show	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	4	21	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	4	22	ascs	asc	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	23	treat	treat	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	4	24	healthier	healthy	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	4	25	patients	patient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	26	than	than	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	4	27	hospital	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	28	outpatient	outpatient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	29	departments	department	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	4	30	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	5	1	using	use	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	5	2	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	5	3	variation	variation	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	4	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	5	5	asc	asc	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	5	6	use	use	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	7	generated	generate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	5	8	by	by	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	5	9	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	5	10	changes	change	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	11	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	5	12	medicare	medicare	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	13	payments	payment	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	14	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	5	15	we	we	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	5	16	find	find	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	5	17	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	5	18	treatment	treatment	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	19	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	5	20	an	an	DET
pv63fx73p1b	5	21	asc	asc	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	22	is	be	AUX
pv63fx73p1b	5	23	associated	associate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	5	24	with	with	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	5	25	better	well	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	5	26	health	health	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	27	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	28	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	5	29	holding	hold	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	5	30	patient	patient	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	5	31	risk	risk	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	5	32	constant	constant	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	5	33	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	6	1	these	these	DET
pv63fx73p1b	6	2	results	result	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	6	4	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	6	5	health	health	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	6	policy	policy	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	7	planners	planner	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	8	have	have	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	6	9	to	to	PART
pv63fx73p1b	6	10	trade	trade	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	6	11	off	off	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	6	12	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	6	13	superior	superior	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	6	14	and	and	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	6	15	cheaper	cheap	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	6	16	treatment	treatment	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	17	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	6	18	ascs	asc	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	19	against	against	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	6	20	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	6	21	subsidy	subsidy	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	22	outpatient	outpatient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	23	surgeries	surgery	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	24	provide	provide	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	6	25	to	to	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	6	26	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	6	27	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	7	1	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	7	2	second	second	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	7	3	chapter	chapter	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	4	examines	examine	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	7	5	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	7	6	effects	effect	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	7	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	7	8	minimum	minimum	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	7	9	nurse	nurse	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	10	staffing	staffing	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	11	legislation	legislation	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	12	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	7	13	california	california	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	7	14	on	on	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	7	15	labor	labor	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	16	market	market	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	17	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	18	for	for	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	7	19	registered	register	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	7	20	nurses	nurse	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	7	21	(	(	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	7	22	rns	rns	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	7	23	)	)	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	7	24	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	8	1	using	use	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	8	2	annual	annual	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	8	3	financial	financial	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	8	4	data	datum	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	5	from	from	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	8	6	california	california	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	8	7	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	8	9	i	i	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	8	10	find	find	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	8	11	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	8	12	nurse	nurse	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	13	-	-	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	8	14	to	to	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	8	15	-	-	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	8	16	patient	patient	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	17	ratios	ratio	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	18	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	8	19	california	california	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	8	20	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	21	increased	increase	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	8	22	substantially	substantially	ADV
pv63fx73p1b	8	23	following	follow	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	8	24	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	8	25	staffing	staffing	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	26	mandate	mandate	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	8	27	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	9	1	however	however	ADV
pv63fx73p1b	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	9	3	individual	individual	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	9	4	-	-	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	9	5	level	level	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	6	survey	survey	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	7	data	datum	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	8	indicate	indicate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	9	9	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	9	10	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	9	11	law	law	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	12	had	have	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	9	13	no	no	DET
pv63fx73p1b	9	14	effect	effect	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	15	on	on	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	9	16	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	9	17	aggregate	aggregate	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	9	18	number	number	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	19	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	9	20	rns	rn	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	21	or	or	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	9	22	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	9	23	hours	hour	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	24	they	they	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	9	25	worked	work	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	9	26	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	9	27	california	california	PROPN
pv63fx73p1b	9	28	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	29	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	9	30	and	and	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	9	31	at	at	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	9	32	most	most	ADV
pv63fx73p1b	9	33	a	a	DET
pv63fx73p1b	9	34	modest	modest	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	9	35	effect	effect	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	36	on	on	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	9	37	wages	wage	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	9	38	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	10	1	my	my	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	10	2	findings	finding	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	10	4	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	10	5	offsetting	offset	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	10	6	changes	change	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	7	due	due	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	10	8	to	to	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	10	9	hospital	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	10	closures	closure	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	11	and	and	CCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	10	12	shifting	shift	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	10	13	staff	staff	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	14	within	within	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	10	15	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	16	mitigated	mitigate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	10	17	employment	employment	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	18	effects	effect	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	19	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	10	20	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	10	21	mandated	mandate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	10	22	minimum	minimum	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	10	23	staffing	staffing	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	24	legislation	legislation	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	10	25	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	11	1	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	11	2	final	final	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	11	3	chapter	chapter	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	11	4	investigates	investigate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	11	5	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	11	6	effect	effect	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	11	7	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	11	8	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	11	9	age	age	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	11	10	difference	difference	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	11	11	between	between	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	11	12	siblings	sibling	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	11	13	(	(	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	11	14	spacing	space	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	11	15	)	)	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	11	16	on	on	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	11	17	educational	educational	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	11	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	11	19	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	12	1	because	because	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	12	2	spacing	spacing	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	12	3	may	may	AUX
pv63fx73p1b	12	4	be	be	AUX
pv63fx73p1b	12	5	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	12	7	we	we	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	12	8	use	use	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	12	9	an	an	DET
pv63fx73p1b	12	10	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	12	11	variables	variable	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	12	12	strategy	strategy	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	12	13	that	that	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	12	14	exploits	exploit	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	12	15	variation	variation	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	12	16	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	12	17	spacing	space	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	12	18	driven	drive	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	12	19	by	by	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	12	20	miscarriages	miscarriage	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	12	21	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	13	1	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	13	2	results	result	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	13	4	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	13	5	a	a	DET
pv63fx73p1b	13	6	one	one	NUM
pv63fx73p1b	13	7	-	-	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	13	8	year	year	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	9	increase	increase	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	10	in	in	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	13	11	spacing	space	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	13	12	increases	increase	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	13	test	test	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	14	scores	score	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	15	for	for	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	13	16	older	old	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	13	17	siblings	sibling	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	18	by	by	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	13	19	about	about	ADV
pv63fx73p1b	13	20	0.17	0.17	NUM
pv63fx73p1b	13	21	standard	standard	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	13	22	deviations	deviation	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	13	23	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	14	1	these	these	DET
pv63fx73p1b	14	2	results	result	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	14	3	are	be	AUX
pv63fx73p1b	14	4	larger	large	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	14	5	than	than	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	14	6	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	14	7	least	least	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	14	8	squares	square	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	14	9	estimates	estimate	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	14	10	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	14	11	suggesting	suggest	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	14	12	that	that	SCONJ
pv63fx73p1b	14	13	failing	fail	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	14	14	to	to	PART
pv63fx73p1b	14	15	account	account	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	14	16	for	for	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	14	17	the	the	DET
pv63fx73p1b	14	18	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	14	19	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	14	20	spacing	space	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	14	21	may	may	AUX
pv63fx73p1b	14	22	understate	understate	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	14	23	its	its	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	14	24	benefits	benefit	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	14	25	.	.	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	15	1	for	for	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	15	2	younger	young	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	15	3	siblings	sibling	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	15	4	,	,	PUNCT
pv63fx73p1b	15	5	we	we	PRON
pv63fx73p1b	15	6	find	find	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	15	7	no	no	DET
pv63fx73p1b	15	8	causal	causal	ADJ
pv63fx73p1b	15	9	impact	impact	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	15	10	of	of	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	15	11	spacing	space	VERB
pv63fx73p1b	15	12	on	on	ADP
pv63fx73p1b	15	13	test	test	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	15	14	scores	score	NOUN
pv63fx73p1b	15	15	.	.	PUNCT