id sid tid token lemma pos gq67jq10c08 1 1 calcific calcific PROPN gq67jq10c08 1 2 aortic aortic NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 3 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 4 disease disease NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 5 ( ( PUNCT gq67jq10c08 1 6 cavd cavd NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 7 ) ) PUNCT gq67jq10c08 1 8 is be AUX gq67jq10c08 1 9 the the DET gq67jq10c08 1 10 most most ADV gq67jq10c08 1 11 prevalent prevalent ADJ gq67jq10c08 1 12 form form NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 13 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 1 14 heart heart NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 15 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 16 disease disease NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 17 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 1 18 affecting affect VERB gq67jq10c08 1 19 25 25 NUM gq67jq10c08 1 20 % % NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 21 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 1 22 the the DET gq67jq10c08 1 23 population population NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 24 65 65 NUM gq67jq10c08 1 25 years year NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 26 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 1 27 older old ADJ gq67jq10c08 1 28 with with ADP gq67jq10c08 1 29 disease disease NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 30 progression progression NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 31 lasting last VERB gq67jq10c08 1 32 20 20 NUM gq67jq10c08 1 33 - - SYM gq67jq10c08 1 34 30 30 NUM gq67jq10c08 1 35 years year NOUN gq67jq10c08 1 36 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 2 1 it it PRON gq67jq10c08 2 2 is be AUX gq67jq10c08 2 3 marked mark VERB gq67jq10c08 2 4 by by ADP gq67jq10c08 2 5 the the DET gq67jq10c08 2 6 initial initial ADJ gq67jq10c08 2 7 thickening thickening NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 8 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 2 9 stiffening stiffening NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 10 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 2 11 the the DET gq67jq10c08 2 12 leaflets leaflet NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 13 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 2 14 followed follow VERB gq67jq10c08 2 15 by by ADP gq67jq10c08 2 16 the the DET gq67jq10c08 2 17 formation formation NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 18 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 2 19 calcific calcific ADJ gq67jq10c08 2 20 lesions lesion NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 21 within within ADP gq67jq10c08 2 22 the the DET gq67jq10c08 2 23 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 24 leaflets leaflet NOUN gq67jq10c08 2 25 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 1 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 3 2 the the DET gq67jq10c08 3 3 bicuspid bicuspid NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 4 aortic aortic NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 5 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 6 ( ( PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 7 bav bav NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 8 ) ) PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 9 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 10 which which PRON gq67jq10c08 3 11 is be AUX gq67jq10c08 3 12 the the DET gq67jq10c08 3 13 most most ADV gq67jq10c08 3 14 common common ADJ gq67jq10c08 3 15 type type NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 16 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 3 17 aortic aortic NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 18 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 19 defect defect NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 20 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 3 21 is be AUX gq67jq10c08 3 22 characterized characterize VERB gq67jq10c08 3 23 by by ADP gq67jq10c08 3 24 the the DET gq67jq10c08 3 25 formation formation NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 26 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 3 27 two two NUM gq67jq10c08 3 28 functional functional ADJ gq67jq10c08 3 29 leaflets leaflet NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 30 instead instead ADV gq67jq10c08 3 31 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 3 32 three three NUM gq67jq10c08 3 33 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 34 the the DET gq67jq10c08 3 35 onset onset NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 36 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 3 37 cavd cavd NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 38 typically typically ADV gq67jq10c08 3 39 occurs occur VERB gq67jq10c08 3 40 at at ADP gq67jq10c08 3 41 an an DET gq67jq10c08 3 42 earlier early ADJ gq67jq10c08 3 43 age age NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 44 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 3 45 progresses progress VERB gq67jq10c08 3 46 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 3 47 severe severe ADJ gq67jq10c08 3 48 stenosis stenosis NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 49 much much ADV gq67jq10c08 3 50 more more ADV gq67jq10c08 3 51 rapidly rapidly ADV gq67jq10c08 3 52 than than ADP gq67jq10c08 3 53 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 3 54 the the DET gq67jq10c08 3 55 normal normal ADJ gq67jq10c08 3 56 tricuspid tricuspid NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 57 aortic aortic NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 58 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 3 59 ( ( PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 60 tav tav PROPN gq67jq10c08 3 61 ) ) PUNCT gq67jq10c08 3 62 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 4 1 while while SCONJ gq67jq10c08 4 2 the the DET gq67jq10c08 4 3 etiology etiology NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 4 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 4 5 cavd cavd NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 6 has have AUX gq67jq10c08 4 7 been be AUX gq67jq10c08 4 8 linked link VERB gq67jq10c08 4 9 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 4 10 altered alter VERB gq67jq10c08 4 11 hemodynamics hemodynamic NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 12 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 4 13 which which PRON gq67jq10c08 4 14 may may AUX gq67jq10c08 4 15 be be AUX gq67jq10c08 4 16 linked link VERB gq67jq10c08 4 17 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 4 18 altered alter VERB gq67jq10c08 4 19 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 20 geometries geometry NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 21 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 4 22 alterations alteration NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 23 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 4 24 hemodynamic hemodynamic ADJ gq67jq10c08 4 25 performance performance NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 26 due due ADP gq67jq10c08 4 27 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 4 28 anatomic anatomic ADJ gq67jq10c08 4 29 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 4 30 calcific calcific ADJ gq67jq10c08 4 31 defects defect NOUN gq67jq10c08 4 32 have have AUX gq67jq10c08 4 33 not not PART gq67jq10c08 4 34 been be AUX gq67jq10c08 4 35 investigated investigate VERB gq67jq10c08 4 36 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 5 1 therefore therefore ADV gq67jq10c08 5 2 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 5 3 the the DET gq67jq10c08 5 4 goal goal NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 5 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 5 6 this this DET gq67jq10c08 5 7 dissertation dissertation NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 8 is be AUX gq67jq10c08 5 9 to to PART gq67jq10c08 5 10 present present VERB gq67jq10c08 5 11 a a DET gq67jq10c08 5 12 comparative comparative ADJ gq67jq10c08 5 13 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 5 14 vitro vitro X gq67jq10c08 5 15 assessment assessment NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 16 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 5 17 the the DET gq67jq10c08 5 18 valvular valvular ADJ gq67jq10c08 5 19 flow flow NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 20 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 5 21 performance performance NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 22 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 5 23 a a DET gq67jq10c08 5 24 tav tav NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 25 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 5 26 bav bav NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 27 under under ADP gq67jq10c08 5 28 normal normal ADJ gq67jq10c08 5 29 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 5 30 calcified calcified ADJ gq67jq10c08 5 31 states state NOUN gq67jq10c08 5 32 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 6 1 particle particle NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 2 - - PUNCT gq67jq10c08 6 3 image image NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 4 velocimetry velocimetry NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 5 was be AUX gq67jq10c08 6 6 used use VERB gq67jq10c08 6 7 to to PART gq67jq10c08 6 8 characterize characterize VERB gq67jq10c08 6 9 the the DET gq67jq10c08 6 10 flow flow NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 11 downstream downstream ADV gq67jq10c08 6 12 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 6 13 a a DET gq67jq10c08 6 14 model model NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 15 tav tav PROPN gq67jq10c08 6 16 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 6 17 model model PROPN gq67jq10c08 6 18 bav bav PROPN gq67jq10c08 6 19 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 6 20 model model NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 21 calcified calcified PROPN gq67jq10c08 6 22 tav tav PROPN gq67jq10c08 6 23 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 6 24 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 6 25 model model NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 26 calcified calcify VERB gq67jq10c08 6 27 bav bav NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 28 mounted mount VERB gq67jq10c08 6 29 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 6 30 an an DET gq67jq10c08 6 31 idealized idealized ADJ gq67jq10c08 6 32 aortic aortic NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 33 sinus sinus NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 34 geometry geometry NOUN gq67jq10c08 6 35 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 7 1 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 2 performance performance NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 3 was be AUX gq67jq10c08 7 4 analyzed analyze VERB gq67jq10c08 7 5 under under ADP gq67jq10c08 7 6 steady steady ADJ gq67jq10c08 7 7 flow flow NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 8 conditions condition NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 9 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 7 10 terms term NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 11 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 7 12 geometric geometric ADJ gq67jq10c08 7 13 orifice orifice NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 14 area area NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 15 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 7 16 effective effective ADJ gq67jq10c08 7 17 orifice orifice NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 18 area area NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 19 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 7 20 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 7 21 energy energy NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 22 loss loss NOUN gq67jq10c08 7 23 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 8 1 comparison comparison NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 2 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 8 3 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 4 hemodynamics hemodynamic NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 5 was be AUX gq67jq10c08 8 6 based base VERB gq67jq10c08 8 7 on on ADP gq67jq10c08 8 8 velocity velocity NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 9 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 8 10 vorticity vorticity NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 11 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 8 12 viscous viscous ADJ gq67jq10c08 8 13 shear shear ADJ gq67jq10c08 8 14 stress stress NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 15 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 8 16 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 8 17 reynolds reynold NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 18 shear shear ADJ gq67jq10c08 8 19 stress stress NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 20 under under ADP gq67jq10c08 8 21 physiologic physiologic ADJ gq67jq10c08 8 22 flow flow NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 23 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 8 24 pressure pressure NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 25 conditions condition NOUN gq67jq10c08 8 26 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 9 1 this this DET gq67jq10c08 9 2 study study NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 3 found find VERB gq67jq10c08 9 4 that that SCONJ gq67jq10c08 9 5 valvular valvular ADJ gq67jq10c08 9 6 anatomy anatomy NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 7 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 9 8 leaflet leaflet NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 9 stiffening stiffen VERB gq67jq10c08 9 10 impact impact NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 11 large large ADJ gq67jq10c08 9 12 - - PUNCT gq67jq10c08 9 13 scale scale NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 14 flow flow NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 15 structures structure NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 16 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 9 17 but but CCONJ gq67jq10c08 9 18 suggested suggest VERB gq67jq10c08 9 19 that that SCONJ gq67jq10c08 9 20 the the DET gq67jq10c08 9 21 bav bav NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 22 can can AUX gq67jq10c08 9 23 function function VERB gq67jq10c08 9 24 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 9 25 generate generate VERB gq67jq10c08 9 26 energy energy NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 27 loss loss NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 28 at at ADP gq67jq10c08 9 29 a a DET gq67jq10c08 9 30 level level NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 31 similar similar ADJ gq67jq10c08 9 32 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 9 33 a a DET gq67jq10c08 9 34 normal normal ADJ gq67jq10c08 9 35 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 36 despite despite SCONJ gq67jq10c08 9 37 its its PRON gq67jq10c08 9 38 intrinsic intrinsic ADJ gq67jq10c08 9 39 degree degree NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 40 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 9 41 stenosis stenosis NOUN gq67jq10c08 9 42 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 10 1 the the DET gq67jq10c08 10 2 main main ADJ gq67jq10c08 10 3 difference difference NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 4 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 10 5 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 6 performance performance NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 7 between between ADP gq67jq10c08 10 8 the the DET gq67jq10c08 10 9 bav bav NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 10 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 10 11 tav tav PROPN gq67jq10c08 10 12 was be AUX gq67jq10c08 10 13 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 10 14 the the DET gq67jq10c08 10 15 elevated elevated ADJ gq67jq10c08 10 16 shear shear ADJ gq67jq10c08 10 17 stress stress NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 18 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 10 19 turbulence turbulence NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 20 experienced experience VERB gq67jq10c08 10 21 by by ADP gq67jq10c08 10 22 the the DET gq67jq10c08 10 23 bav bav NOUN gq67jq10c08 10 24 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 11 1 calcification calcification NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 2 of of ADP gq67jq10c08 11 3 the the DET gq67jq10c08 11 4 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 5 also also ADV gq67jq10c08 11 6 led lead VERB gq67jq10c08 11 7 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 11 8 a a DET gq67jq10c08 11 9 similar similar ADJ gq67jq10c08 11 10 increase increase NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 11 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 11 12 the the DET gq67jq10c08 11 13 viscous viscous ADJ gq67jq10c08 11 14 shear shear ADJ gq67jq10c08 11 15 stress stress NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 16 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 11 17 turbulence turbulence NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 18 but but CCONJ gq67jq10c08 11 19 significant significant ADJ gq67jq10c08 11 20 decrease decrease NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 21 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 11 22 valve valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 23 performance performance NOUN gq67jq10c08 11 24 . . PUNCT gq67jq10c08 12 1 these these DET gq67jq10c08 12 2 similarities similarity NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 3 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 12 4 the the DET gq67jq10c08 12 5 hemodynamic hemodynamic ADJ gq67jq10c08 12 6 alterations alteration NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 7 in in ADP gq67jq10c08 12 8 valves valve NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 9 with with ADP gq67jq10c08 12 10 anatomic anatomic ADJ gq67jq10c08 12 11 or or CCONJ gq67jq10c08 12 12 calcific calcific ADJ gq67jq10c08 12 13 defects defect NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 14 as as SCONJ gq67jq10c08 12 15 compared compare VERB gq67jq10c08 12 16 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 12 17 normal normal ADJ gq67jq10c08 12 18 tav tav PROPN gq67jq10c08 12 19 hemodynamics hemodynamic NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 20 demonstrated demonstrate VERB gq67jq10c08 12 21 a a DET gq67jq10c08 12 22 positive positive ADJ gq67jq10c08 12 23 feedback feedback NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 24 cycle cycle NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 25 , , PUNCT gq67jq10c08 12 26 which which PRON gq67jq10c08 12 27 may may AUX gq67jq10c08 12 28 be be AUX gq67jq10c08 12 29 linked link VERB gq67jq10c08 12 30 to to ADP gq67jq10c08 12 31 cavd cavd NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 32 development development NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 33 and and CCONJ gq67jq10c08 12 34 progression progression NOUN gq67jq10c08 12 35 . . PUNCT