id sid tid token lemma pos 41687h16c89 1 1 statistical statistical ADJ 41687h16c89 1 2 iterative iterative ADJ 41687h16c89 1 3 image image NOUN 41687h16c89 1 4 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN 41687h16c89 1 5 methods method NOUN 41687h16c89 1 6 for for ADP 41687h16c89 1 7 x x NOUN 41687h16c89 1 8 - - NOUN 41687h16c89 1 9 ray ray NOUN 41687h16c89 1 10 computed compute VERB 41687h16c89 1 11 tomography tomography NOUN 41687h16c89 1 12 ( ( PUNCT 41687h16c89 1 13 ct ct PROPN 41687h16c89 1 14 ) ) PUNCT 41687h16c89 1 15 have have AUX 41687h16c89 1 16 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 1 17 over over ADP 41687h16c89 1 18 the the DET 41687h16c89 1 19 past past ADJ 41687h16c89 1 20 few few ADJ 41687h16c89 1 21 years year NOUN 41687h16c89 1 22 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 1 23 shown show VERB 41687h16c89 1 24 promise promise NOUN 41687h16c89 1 25 in in ADP 41687h16c89 1 26 maintaining maintain VERB 41687h16c89 1 27 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ 41687h16c89 1 28 image image NOUN 41687h16c89 1 29 quality quality NOUN 41687h16c89 1 30 across across ADP 41687h16c89 1 31 a a DET 41687h16c89 1 32 wider wide ADJ 41687h16c89 1 33 range range NOUN 41687h16c89 1 34 of of ADP 41687h16c89 1 35 dosage dosage NOUN 41687h16c89 1 36 than than SCONJ 41687h16c89 1 37 has have AUX 41687h16c89 1 38 been be AUX 41687h16c89 1 39 routinely routinely ADV 41687h16c89 1 40 practical practical ADJ 41687h16c89 1 41 with with ADP 41687h16c89 1 42 standard standard ADJ 41687h16c89 1 43 deterministic deterministic ADJ 41687h16c89 1 44 methods method NOUN 41687h16c89 1 45 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 1 in in ADP 41687h16c89 2 2 this this DET 41687h16c89 2 3 dissertation dissertation NOUN 41687h16c89 2 4 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 5 iterative iterative ADJ 41687h16c89 2 6 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN 41687h16c89 2 7 techniques technique NOUN 41687h16c89 2 8 are be AUX 41687h16c89 2 9 modified modify VERB 41687h16c89 2 10 to to PART 41687h16c89 2 11 attack attack VERB 41687h16c89 2 12 three three NUM 41687h16c89 2 13 limited limited ADJ 41687h16c89 2 14 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 15 information information NOUN 41687h16c89 2 16 problems problem NOUN 41687h16c89 2 17 : : PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 18 ( ( PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 19 i i NOUN 41687h16c89 2 20 ) ) PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 21 photon photon NOUN 41687h16c89 2 22 starvation starvation NOUN 41687h16c89 2 23 due due ADP 41687h16c89 2 24 to to ADP 41687h16c89 2 25 low low ADJ 41687h16c89 2 26 signals signal NOUN 41687h16c89 2 27 ; ; PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 28 ( ( PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 29 ii ii X 41687h16c89 2 30 ) ) PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 31 artifacts artifact NOUN 41687h16c89 2 32 induced induce VERB 41687h16c89 2 33 by by ADP 41687h16c89 2 34 high high ADJ 41687h16c89 2 35 attenuation attenuation NOUN 41687h16c89 2 36 objects object NOUN 41687h16c89 2 37 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 2 38 ( ( PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 39 iii iii NUM 41687h16c89 2 40 ) ) PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 41 spatially spatially ADV 41687h16c89 2 42 non non ADJ 41687h16c89 2 43 - - ADJ 41687h16c89 2 44 uniform uniform ADJ 41687h16c89 2 45 sampling sample VERB 41687h16c89 2 46 geometry.dose geometry.dose NOUN 41687h16c89 2 47 reduction reduction NOUN 41687h16c89 2 48 in in ADP 41687h16c89 2 49 clinical clinical ADJ 41687h16c89 2 50 x x NOUN 41687h16c89 2 51 - - NOUN 41687h16c89 2 52 ray ray NOUN 41687h16c89 2 53 ct ct NOUN 41687h16c89 2 54 causes cause VERB 41687h16c89 2 55 low low ADJ 41687h16c89 2 56 signal signal NOUN 41687h16c89 2 57 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 58 to to ADP 41687h16c89 2 59 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 60 noise noise NOUN 41687h16c89 2 61 ratio ratio NOUN 41687h16c89 2 62 ( ( PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 63 snr snr PROPN 41687h16c89 2 64 ) ) PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 65 in in ADP 41687h16c89 2 66 photon photon NOUN 41687h16c89 2 67 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 2 68 sparse sparse ADJ 41687h16c89 2 69 situations situation NOUN 41687h16c89 2 70 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 3 1 all all DET 41687h16c89 3 2 techniques technique NOUN 41687h16c89 3 3 meet meet VERB 41687h16c89 3 4 their their PRON 41687h16c89 3 5 limits limit NOUN 41687h16c89 3 6 of of ADP 41687h16c89 3 7 practicality practicality ADJ 41687h16c89 3 8 when when SCONJ 41687h16c89 3 9 significant significant ADJ 41687h16c89 3 10 portions portion NOUN 41687h16c89 3 11 of of ADP 41687h16c89 3 12 the the DET 41687h16c89 3 13 sinogram sinogram NOUN 41687h16c89 3 14 are be AUX 41687h16c89 3 15 near near ADP 41687h16c89 3 16 photon photon NOUN 41687h16c89 3 17 starvation starvation NOUN 41687h16c89 3 18 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 4 1 the the DET 41687h16c89 4 2 corruption corruption NOUN 41687h16c89 4 3 of of ADP 41687h16c89 4 4 electronic electronic ADJ 41687h16c89 4 5 noise noise NOUN 41687h16c89 4 6 leads lead VERB 41687h16c89 4 7 to to ADP 41687h16c89 4 8 measured measure VERB 41687h16c89 4 9 photon photon NOUN 41687h16c89 4 10 counts count NOUN 41687h16c89 4 11 ' ' PART 41687h16c89 4 12 taking take VERB 41687h16c89 4 13 on on ADP 41687h16c89 4 14 negative negative ADJ 41687h16c89 4 15 values value NOUN 41687h16c89 4 16 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 4 17 posing pose VERB 41687h16c89 4 18 a a DET 41687h16c89 4 19 problem problem NOUN 41687h16c89 4 20 for for ADP 41687h16c89 4 21 the the DET 41687h16c89 4 22 log log NOUN 41687h16c89 4 23 ( ( PUNCT 41687h16c89 4 24 ) ) PUNCT 41687h16c89 4 25 operation operation NOUN 41687h16c89 4 26 in in ADP 41687h16c89 4 27 pre pre ADJ 41687h16c89 4 28 - - ADJ 41687h16c89 4 29 processing processing NOUN 41687h16c89 4 30 of of ADP 41687h16c89 4 31 data datum NOUN 41687h16c89 4 32 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 5 1 we we PRON 41687h16c89 5 2 propose propose VERB 41687h16c89 5 3 two two NUM 41687h16c89 5 4 categories category NOUN 41687h16c89 5 5 of of ADP 41687h16c89 5 6 methods method NOUN 41687h16c89 5 7 for for ADP 41687h16c89 5 8 extremely extremely ADV 41687h16c89 5 9 low low ADJ 41687h16c89 5 10 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 5 11 count count NOUN 41687h16c89 5 12 sinogram sinogram NOUN 41687h16c89 5 13 pretreatment pretreatment NOUN 41687h16c89 5 14 : : PUNCT 41687h16c89 5 15 an an DET 41687h16c89 5 16 adaptive adaptive ADJ 41687h16c89 5 17 denoising denoise VERB 41687h16c89 5 18 filter filter NOUN 41687h16c89 5 19 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 5 20 a a DET 41687h16c89 5 21 pointwise pointwise NOUN 41687h16c89 5 22 bayesian bayesian ADJ 41687h16c89 5 23 inference inference NOUN 41687h16c89 5 24 method method NOUN 41687h16c89 5 25 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 6 1 the the DET 41687h16c89 6 2 denoising denoise VERB 41687h16c89 6 3 filter filter NOUN 41687h16c89 6 4 is be AUX 41687h16c89 6 5 easy easy ADJ 41687h16c89 6 6 to to PART 41687h16c89 6 7 implement implement VERB 41687h16c89 6 8 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 6 9 preserves preserve VERB 41687h16c89 6 10 local local ADJ 41687h16c89 6 11 statistics statistic NOUN 41687h16c89 6 12 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 6 13 but but CCONJ 41687h16c89 6 14 it it PRON 41687h16c89 6 15 introduces introduce VERB 41687h16c89 6 16 correlation correlation NOUN 41687h16c89 6 17 between between ADP 41687h16c89 6 18 channels channel NOUN 41687h16c89 6 19 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 6 20 may may AUX 41687h16c89 6 21 affect affect VERB 41687h16c89 6 22 image image NOUN 41687h16c89 6 23 resolution resolution NOUN 41687h16c89 6 24 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 7 1 the the DET 41687h16c89 7 2 bayesian bayesian ADJ 41687h16c89 7 3 inference inference NOUN 41687h16c89 7 4 is be AUX 41687h16c89 7 5 a a DET 41687h16c89 7 6 pointwise pointwise NOUN 41687h16c89 7 7 estimate estimate NOUN 41687h16c89 7 8 incorporating incorporate VERB 41687h16c89 7 9 a a DET 41687h16c89 7 10 prior prior ADJ 41687h16c89 7 11 model model NOUN 41687h16c89 7 12 for for ADP 41687h16c89 7 13 poisson poisson NOUN 41687h16c89 7 14 rates rate NOUN 41687h16c89 7 15 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 8 1 both both DET 41687h16c89 8 2 approaches approach NOUN 41687h16c89 8 3 achieve achieve VERB 41687h16c89 8 4 significant significant ADJ 41687h16c89 8 5 improvements improvement NOUN 41687h16c89 8 6 in in ADP 41687h16c89 8 7 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ 41687h16c89 8 8 image image NOUN 41687h16c89 8 9 quality quality NOUN 41687h16c89 8 10 at at ADP 41687h16c89 8 11 dramatically dramatically ADV 41687h16c89 8 12 reduced reduce VERB 41687h16c89 8 13 dosage dosage NOUN 41687h16c89 8 14 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 9 1 high high ADJ 41687h16c89 9 2 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 9 3 attenuation attenuation NOUN 41687h16c89 9 4 materials material NOUN 41687h16c89 9 5 pose pose VERB 41687h16c89 9 6 significant significant ADJ 41687h16c89 9 7 challenges challenge NOUN 41687h16c89 9 8 to to ADP 41687h16c89 9 9 ct ct PROPN 41687h16c89 9 10 imaging imaging NOUN 41687h16c89 9 11 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 10 1 formed form VERB 41687h16c89 10 2 of of ADP 41687h16c89 10 3 high high ADJ 41687h16c89 10 4 mass mass ADJ 41687h16c89 10 5 density density NOUN 41687h16c89 10 6 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 10 7 high high ADJ 41687h16c89 10 8 atomic atomic ADJ 41687h16c89 10 9 number number NOUN 41687h16c89 10 10 elements element NOUN 41687h16c89 10 11 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 10 12 bones bone NOUN 41687h16c89 10 13 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 10 14 metals metal NOUN 41687h16c89 10 15 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 10 16 for for ADP 41687h16c89 10 17 example example NOUN 41687h16c89 10 18 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 10 19 have have VERB 41687h16c89 10 20 high high ADJ 41687h16c89 10 21 resistance resistance NOUN 41687h16c89 10 22 to to ADP 41687h16c89 10 23 transmission transmission NOUN 41687h16c89 10 24 of of ADP 41687h16c89 10 25 photons photon NOUN 41687h16c89 10 26 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 11 1 scatter scatter VERB 41687h16c89 11 2 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 11 3 beam beam VERB 41687h16c89 11 4 hardening hardening NOUN 41687h16c89 11 5 effects effect NOUN 41687h16c89 11 6 are be AUX 41687h16c89 11 7 more more ADV 41687h16c89 11 8 prominent prominent ADJ 41687h16c89 11 9 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 11 10 raising raise VERB 41687h16c89 11 11 substantially substantially ADV 41687h16c89 11 12 the the DET 41687h16c89 11 13 importance importance NOUN 41687h16c89 11 14 of of ADP 41687h16c89 11 15 the the DET 41687h16c89 11 16 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ 41687h16c89 11 17 relation relation NOUN 41687h16c89 11 18 between between ADP 41687h16c89 11 19 line line NOUN 41687h16c89 11 20 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 11 21 integral integral ADJ 41687h16c89 11 22 projection projection NOUN 41687h16c89 11 23 estimates estimate NOUN 41687h16c89 11 24 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 11 25 path path NOUN 41687h16c89 11 26 lengths length NOUN 41687h16c89 11 27 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 12 1 as as ADP 41687h16c89 12 2 a a DET 41687h16c89 12 3 result result NOUN 41687h16c89 12 4 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 12 5 streaking streak VERB 41687h16c89 12 6 artifacts artifact NOUN 41687h16c89 12 7 often often ADV 41687h16c89 12 8 appear appear VERB 41687h16c89 12 9 in in ADP 41687h16c89 12 10 reconstructed reconstructed ADJ 41687h16c89 12 11 images image NOUN 41687h16c89 12 12 along along ADP 41687h16c89 12 13 high high ADJ 41687h16c89 12 14 density density NOUN 41687h16c89 12 15 directions direction NOUN 41687h16c89 12 16 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 13 1 in in ADP 41687h16c89 13 2 this this DET 41687h16c89 13 3 dissertation dissertation NOUN 41687h16c89 13 4 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 13 5 two two NUM 41687h16c89 13 6 novel novel ADJ 41687h16c89 13 7 iterative iterative ADJ 41687h16c89 13 8 approaches approach NOUN 41687h16c89 13 9 are be AUX 41687h16c89 13 10 proposed propose VERB 41687h16c89 13 11 to to PART 41687h16c89 13 12 reduce reduce VERB 41687h16c89 13 13 such such ADJ 41687h16c89 13 14 artifacts artifact NOUN 41687h16c89 13 15 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 14 1 one one NUM 41687h16c89 14 2 method method NOUN 41687h16c89 14 3 parameterizes parameterize VERB 41687h16c89 14 4 scatter scatter VERB 41687h16c89 14 5 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 14 6 beam beam VERB 41687h16c89 14 7 hardening hardening NOUN 41687h16c89 14 8 as as ADP 41687h16c89 14 9 a a DET 41687h16c89 14 10 locally locally ADV 41687h16c89 14 11 varying vary VERB 41687h16c89 14 12 additive additive ADJ 41687h16c89 14 13 poisson poisson NOUN 41687h16c89 14 14 noise noise NOUN 41687h16c89 14 15 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 14 16 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 14 17 attempts attempt VERB 41687h16c89 14 18 to to PART 41687h16c89 14 19 estimate estimate VERB 41687h16c89 14 20 the the DET 41687h16c89 14 21 offset offset NOUN 41687h16c89 14 22 as as ADP 41687h16c89 14 23 part part NOUN 41687h16c89 14 24 of of ADP 41687h16c89 14 25 the the DET 41687h16c89 14 26 iterative iterative ADJ 41687h16c89 14 27 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN 41687h16c89 14 28 loop loop NOUN 41687h16c89 14 29 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 15 1 the the DET 41687h16c89 15 2 other other ADJ 41687h16c89 15 3 method method NOUN 41687h16c89 15 4 uses use VERB 41687h16c89 15 5 a a DET 41687h16c89 15 6 prior prior ADJ 41687h16c89 15 7 image image NOUN 41687h16c89 15 8 to to PART 41687h16c89 15 9 guide guide VERB 41687h16c89 15 10 both both CCONJ 41687h16c89 15 11 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN 41687h16c89 15 12 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 15 13 sinogram sinogram NOUN 41687h16c89 15 14 correction correction NOUN 41687h16c89 15 15 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 16 1 artifacts artifact NOUN 41687h16c89 16 2 are be AUX 41687h16c89 16 3 significantly significantly ADV 41687h16c89 16 4 reduced reduce VERB 41687h16c89 16 5 at at ADP 41687h16c89 16 6 little little ADJ 41687h16c89 16 7 cost cost NOUN 41687h16c89 16 8 in in ADP 41687h16c89 16 9 resolution resolution NOUN 41687h16c89 16 10 loss loss NOUN 41687h16c89 16 11 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 17 1 cone cone NOUN 41687h16c89 17 2 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 17 3 beam beam NOUN 41687h16c89 17 4 geometry geometry NOUN 41687h16c89 17 5 creates create VERB 41687h16c89 17 6 non non ADJ 41687h16c89 17 7 - - ADJ 41687h16c89 17 8 uniform uniform ADJ 41687h16c89 17 9 spatial spatial ADJ 41687h16c89 17 10 sampling sampling NOUN 41687h16c89 17 11 rates rate NOUN 41687h16c89 17 12 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 17 13 which which PRON 41687h16c89 17 14 becomes become VERB 41687h16c89 17 15 a a DET 41687h16c89 17 16 more more ADV 41687h16c89 17 17 pronounced pronounced ADJ 41687h16c89 17 18 issue issue NOUN 41687h16c89 17 19 as as SCONJ 41687h16c89 17 20 scanners scanner NOUN 41687h16c89 17 21 are be AUX 41687h16c89 17 22 extended extend VERB 41687h16c89 17 23 to to ADP 41687h16c89 17 24 wider wide ADJ 41687h16c89 17 25 cone cone NOUN 41687h16c89 17 26 angles angle NOUN 41687h16c89 17 27 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 18 1 while while SCONJ 41687h16c89 18 2 in in ADP 41687h16c89 18 3 new new ADJ 41687h16c89 18 4 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 18 5 wider wide ADJ 41687h16c89 18 6 - - PUNCT 41687h16c89 18 7 coverage coverage NOUN 41687h16c89 18 8 detectors detector NOUN 41687h16c89 18 9 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 18 10 noise noise NOUN 41687h16c89 18 11 non non ADJ 41687h16c89 18 12 - - NOUN 41687h16c89 18 13 uniformity uniformity NOUN 41687h16c89 18 14 can can AUX 41687h16c89 18 15 be be AUX 41687h16c89 18 16 mitigated mitigate VERB 41687h16c89 18 17 by by ADP 41687h16c89 18 18 spatially spatially ADV 41687h16c89 18 19 adaptive adaptive ADJ 41687h16c89 18 20 regularization regularization NOUN 41687h16c89 18 21 design design NOUN 41687h16c89 18 22 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 18 23 some some DET 41687h16c89 18 24 data datum NOUN 41687h16c89 18 25 dependent dependent ADJ 41687h16c89 18 26 systematic systematic ADJ 41687h16c89 18 27 errors error NOUN 41687h16c89 18 28 are be AUX 41687h16c89 18 29 difficult difficult ADJ 41687h16c89 18 30 to to PART 41687h16c89 18 31 model model VERB 41687h16c89 18 32 deterministically deterministically ADV 41687h16c89 18 33 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 19 1 the the DET 41687h16c89 19 2 detector detector NOUN 41687h16c89 19 3 array array NOUN 41687h16c89 19 4 is be AUX 41687h16c89 19 5 adjusted adjust VERB 41687h16c89 19 6 to to PART 41687h16c89 19 7 accommodate accommodate VERB 41687h16c89 19 8 detection detection NOUN 41687h16c89 19 9 efficiency efficiency NOUN 41687h16c89 19 10 issue issue NOUN 41687h16c89 19 11 at at ADP 41687h16c89 19 12 large large ADJ 41687h16c89 19 13 cone cone NOUN 41687h16c89 19 14 angles angle NOUN 41687h16c89 19 15 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 20 1 array array NOUN 41687h16c89 20 2 modules module NOUN 41687h16c89 20 3 are be AUX 41687h16c89 20 4 compromised compromise VERB 41687h16c89 20 5 to to PART 41687h16c89 20 6 be be AUX 41687h16c89 20 7 tilted tilt VERB 41687h16c89 20 8 towards towards ADP 41687h16c89 20 9 the the DET 41687h16c89 20 10 source source NOUN 41687h16c89 20 11 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 20 12 which which PRON 41687h16c89 20 13 causes cause VERB 41687h16c89 20 14 systematic systematic ADJ 41687h16c89 20 15 inconsistencies inconsistency NOUN 41687h16c89 20 16 between between ADP 41687h16c89 20 17 two two NUM 41687h16c89 20 18 module module NOUN 41687h16c89 20 19 boundaries boundary NOUN 41687h16c89 20 20 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 21 1 to to PART 41687h16c89 21 2 combat combat VERB 41687h16c89 21 3 the the DET 41687h16c89 21 4 challenge challenge NOUN 41687h16c89 21 5 of of ADP 41687h16c89 21 6 increased increase VERB 41687h16c89 21 7 sampling sample VERB 41687h16c89 21 8 non non ADJ 41687h16c89 21 9 - - NOUN 41687h16c89 21 10 uniformity uniformity NOUN 41687h16c89 21 11 , , PUNCT 41687h16c89 21 12 we we PRON 41687h16c89 21 13 propose propose VERB 41687h16c89 21 14 a a DET 41687h16c89 21 15 joint joint ADJ 41687h16c89 21 16 system system NOUN 41687h16c89 21 17 parameter parameter NOUN 41687h16c89 21 18 estimation estimation NOUN 41687h16c89 21 19 with with ADP 41687h16c89 21 20 image image NOUN 41687h16c89 21 21 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN 41687h16c89 21 22 algorithm algorithm PROPN 41687h16c89 21 23 . . PUNCT 41687h16c89 22 1 clustering clustering NOUN 41687h16c89 22 2 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 22 3 regularization regularization NOUN 41687h16c89 22 4 are be AUX 41687h16c89 22 5 used use VERB 41687h16c89 22 6 to to PART 41687h16c89 22 7 avoid avoid VERB 41687h16c89 22 8 overfitting overfitte VERB 41687h16c89 22 9 and and CCONJ 41687h16c89 22 10 " " PUNCT 41687h16c89 22 11 dc dc PROPN 41687h16c89 22 12 " " PUNCT 41687h16c89 22 13 drift drift NOUN 41687h16c89 22 14 . . PUNCT