id sid tid token lemma pos 3b59183387t 1 1 autotransporter autotransporter PROPN 3b59183387t 1 2 ( ( PUNCT 3b59183387t 1 3 at at ADP 3b59183387t 1 4 ) ) PUNCT 3b59183387t 1 5 proteins protein NOUN 3b59183387t 1 6 are be AUX 3b59183387t 1 7 the the DET 3b59183387t 1 8 largest large ADJ 3b59183387t 1 9 family family NOUN 3b59183387t 1 10 of of ADP 3b59183387t 1 11 virulence virulence NOUN 3b59183387t 1 12 proteins protein NOUN 3b59183387t 1 13 secreted secrete VERB 3b59183387t 1 14 from from ADP 3b59183387t 1 15 gram gram ADJ 3b59183387t 1 16 - - PUNCT 3b59183387t 1 17 negative negative ADJ 3b59183387t 1 18 bacterial bacterial ADJ 3b59183387t 1 19 pathogens pathogen NOUN 3b59183387t 1 20 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 1 they they PRON 3b59183387t 2 2 are be AUX 3b59183387t 2 3 synthesized synthesize VERB 3b59183387t 2 4 with with ADP 3b59183387t 2 5 an an DET 3b59183387t 2 6 n n ADJ 3b59183387t 2 7 - - PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 8 terminal terminal ADJ 3b59183387t 2 9 signal signal NOUN 3b59183387t 2 10 sequence sequence NOUN 3b59183387t 2 11 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 12 a a DET 3b59183387t 2 13 central central ADJ 3b59183387t 2 14 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 2 15 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 2 16 ( ( PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 17 the the DET 3b59183387t 2 18 mature mature ADJ 3b59183387t 2 19 protein protein NOUN 3b59183387t 2 20 ) ) PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 21 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 22 and and CCONJ 3b59183387t 2 23 a a DET 3b59183387t 2 24 c c X 3b59183387t 2 25 - - PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 26 terminal terminal ADJ 3b59183387t 2 27 outer outer ADJ 3b59183387t 2 28 membrane membrane NOUN 3b59183387t 2 29 ( ( PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 30 om om NOUN 3b59183387t 2 31 ) ) PUNCT 3b59183387t 2 32 translocator translocator NOUN 3b59183387t 2 33 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 2 34 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 3 1 the the DET 3b59183387t 3 2 translocator translocator NOUN 3b59183387t 3 3 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 3 4 is be AUX 3b59183387t 3 5 required require VERB 3b59183387t 3 6 for for ADP 3b59183387t 3 7 om om PROPN 3b59183387t 3 8 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 3 9 of of ADP 3b59183387t 3 10 the the DET 3b59183387t 3 11 central central ADJ 3b59183387t 3 12 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 3 13 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 3 14 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 4 1 transport transport NOUN 3b59183387t 4 2 of of ADP 3b59183387t 4 3 the the DET 3b59183387t 4 4 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 4 5 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 4 6 across across ADP 3b59183387t 4 7 the the DET 3b59183387t 4 8 om om NOUN 3b59183387t 4 9 does do AUX 3b59183387t 4 10 not not PART 3b59183387t 4 11 require require VERB 3b59183387t 4 12 atp atp PROPN 3b59183387t 4 13 nor nor CCONJ 3b59183387t 4 14 a a DET 3b59183387t 4 15 proton proton NOUN 3b59183387t 4 16 gradient gradient NOUN 3b59183387t 4 17 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 4 18 and and CCONJ 3b59183387t 4 19 therefore therefore ADV 3b59183387t 4 20 the the DET 3b59183387t 4 21 driving drive VERB 3b59183387t 4 22 force force NOUN 3b59183387t 4 23 for for ADP 3b59183387t 4 24 efficient efficient ADJ 3b59183387t 4 25 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 4 26 remains remain VERB 3b59183387t 4 27 unknown unknown ADJ 3b59183387t 4 28 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 5 1 previous previous ADJ 3b59183387t 5 2 studies study NOUN 3b59183387t 5 3 indicate indicate VERB 3b59183387t 5 4 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 5 5 the the PRON 3b59183387t 5 6 at at ADP 3b59183387t 5 7 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 5 8 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 5 9 is be AUX 3b59183387t 5 10 secreted secrete VERB 3b59183387t 5 11 from from ADP 3b59183387t 5 12 cto cto PROPN 3b59183387t 5 13 n n NOUN 3b59183387t 5 14 - - NOUN 3b59183387t 5 15 terminus terminus NOUN 3b59183387t 5 16 across across ADP 3b59183387t 5 17 the the DET 3b59183387t 5 18 om om NOUN 3b59183387t 5 19 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 5 20 and and CCONJ 3b59183387t 5 21 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 5 22 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 5 23 once once ADV 3b59183387t 5 24 outside outside ADP 3b59183387t 5 25 of of ADP 3b59183387t 5 26 the the DET 3b59183387t 5 27 cell cell NOUN 3b59183387t 5 28 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 5 29 vectorial vectorial ADJ 3b59183387t 5 30 folding folding NOUN 3b59183387t 5 31 of of ADP 3b59183387t 5 32 the the DET 3b59183387t 5 33 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 5 34 could could AUX 3b59183387t 5 35 drive drive VERB 3b59183387t 5 36 om om PROPN 3b59183387t 5 37 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 5 38 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 6 1 this this DET 3b59183387t 6 2 mechanism mechanism NOUN 3b59183387t 6 3 implies imply VERB 3b59183387t 6 4 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 6 5 the the PRON 3b59183387t 6 6 at at ADP 3b59183387t 6 7 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 6 8 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 6 9 must must AUX 3b59183387t 6 10 remain remain VERB 3b59183387t 6 11 in in ADP 3b59183387t 6 12 an an DET 3b59183387t 6 13 unfolded unfolded ADJ 3b59183387t 6 14 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 6 15 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 6 16 - - PUNCT 3b59183387t 6 17 competent competent ADJ 3b59183387t 6 18 conformation conformation NOUN 3b59183387t 6 19 in in ADP 3b59183387t 6 20 the the DET 3b59183387t 6 21 periplasm periplasm NOUN 3b59183387t 6 22 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 6 23 and and CCONJ 3b59183387t 6 24 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 6 25 disrupting disrupt VERB 3b59183387t 6 26 the the DET 3b59183387t 6 27 vectorial vectorial ADJ 3b59183387t 6 28 folding fold VERB 3b59183387t 6 29 process process NOUN 3b59183387t 6 30 across across ADP 3b59183387t 6 31 the the DET 3b59183387t 6 32 om om PROPN 3b59183387t 6 33 would would AUX 3b59183387t 6 34 hinder hinder VERB 3b59183387t 6 35 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 6 36 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 7 1 to to PART 3b59183387t 7 2 test test VERB 3b59183387t 7 3 this this DET 3b59183387t 7 4 model model NOUN 3b59183387t 7 5 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 7 6 i i PRON 3b59183387t 7 7 developed develop VERB 3b59183387t 7 8 a a DET 3b59183387t 7 9 combination combination NOUN 3b59183387t 7 10 of of ADP 3b59183387t 7 11 biochemical biochemical ADJ 3b59183387t 7 12 and and CCONJ 3b59183387t 7 13 biophysical biophysical ADJ 3b59183387t 7 14 approaches approach NOUN 3b59183387t 7 15 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 7 16 using use VERB 3b59183387t 7 17 the the DET 3b59183387t 7 18 model model NOUN 3b59183387t 7 19 at at ADP 3b59183387t 7 20 pertactin pertactin NOUN 3b59183387t 7 21 from from ADP 3b59183387t 7 22 b. b. PROPN 3b59183387t 7 23 pertussis pertussis PROPN 3b59183387t 7 24 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 8 1 using use VERB 3b59183387t 8 2 a a DET 3b59183387t 8 3 novel novel NOUN 3b59183387t 8 4 in in ADP 3b59183387t 8 5 vivo vivo ADJ 3b59183387t 8 6 antibiotic antibiotic ADJ 3b59183387t 8 7 - - PUNCT 3b59183387t 8 8 resistance resistance NOUN 3b59183387t 8 9 based base VERB 3b59183387t 8 10 assay assay PROPN 3b59183387t 8 11 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 8 12 i i PRON 3b59183387t 8 13 was be AUX 3b59183387t 8 14 able able ADJ 3b59183387t 8 15 to to PART 3b59183387t 8 16 demonstrate demonstrate VERB 3b59183387t 8 17 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 8 18 pertactin pertactin NOUN 3b59183387t 8 19 adopts adopt VERB 3b59183387t 8 20 a a DET 3b59183387t 8 21 non non ADJ 3b59183387t 8 22 - - ADJ 3b59183387t 8 23 native native ADJ 3b59183387t 8 24 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 8 25 protease protease NOUN 3b59183387t 8 26 susceptible susceptible ADJ 3b59183387t 8 27 conformation conformation NOUN 3b59183387t 8 28 in in ADP 3b59183387t 8 29 the the DET 3b59183387t 8 30 periplasm periplasm NOUN 3b59183387t 8 31 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 8 32 confirming confirm VERB 3b59183387t 8 33 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 8 34 this this DET 3b59183387t 8 35 requirement requirement NOUN 3b59183387t 8 36 for for ADP 3b59183387t 8 37 vectorial vectorial ADJ 3b59183387t 8 38 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 8 39 through through ADP 3b59183387t 8 40 its its PRON 3b59183387t 8 41 own own ADJ 3b59183387t 8 42 translocator translocator NOUN 3b59183387t 8 43 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 8 44 is be AUX 3b59183387t 8 45 met meet VERB 3b59183387t 8 46 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 9 1 to to PART 3b59183387t 9 2 gain gain VERB 3b59183387t 9 3 a a DET 3b59183387t 9 4 better well ADJ 3b59183387t 9 5 understanding understanding NOUN 3b59183387t 9 6 of of ADP 3b59183387t 9 7 the the DET 3b59183387t 9 8 om om PROPN 3b59183387t 9 9 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 9 10 process process NOUN 3b59183387t 9 11 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 9 12 i i PRON 3b59183387t 9 13 developed develop VERB 3b59183387t 9 14 an an DET 3b59183387t 9 15 in in ADP 3b59183387t 9 16 vitro vitro X 3b59183387t 9 17 vesicle vesicle NOUN 3b59183387t 9 18 - - PUNCT 3b59183387t 9 19 based base VERB 3b59183387t 9 20 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 9 21 system system NOUN 3b59183387t 9 22 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 10 1 the the DET 3b59183387t 10 2 purified purify VERB 3b59183387t 10 3 passenger+translocator passenger+translocator NOUN 3b59183387t 10 4 construct construct NOUN 3b59183387t 10 5 was be AUX 3b59183387t 10 6 successfully successfully ADV 3b59183387t 10 7 refolded refolde VERB 3b59183387t 10 8 in in ADP 3b59183387t 10 9 a a DET 3b59183387t 10 10 lipid lipid NOUN 3b59183387t 10 11 environment environment NOUN 3b59183387t 10 12 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 10 13 followed follow VERB 3b59183387t 10 14 by by ADP 3b59183387t 10 15 autocatalytic autocatalytic ADJ 3b59183387t 10 16 cleavage cleavage NOUN 3b59183387t 10 17 of of ADP 3b59183387t 10 18 the the DET 3b59183387t 10 19 translocator translocator NOUN 3b59183387t 10 20 from from ADP 3b59183387t 10 21 its its PRON 3b59183387t 10 22 passenger passenger NOUN 3b59183387t 10 23 domain domain NOUN 3b59183387t 10 24 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 11 1 ats at NOUN 3b59183387t 11 2 are be AUX 3b59183387t 11 3 unique unique ADJ 3b59183387t 11 4 folding fold VERB 3b59183387t 11 5 model model NOUN 3b59183387t 11 6 proteins protein NOUN 3b59183387t 11 7 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 11 8 because because SCONJ 3b59183387t 11 9 it it PRON 3b59183387t 11 10 was be AUX 3b59183387t 11 11 proposed propose VERB 3b59183387t 11 12 that that SCONJ 3b59183387t 11 13 they they PRON 3b59183387t 11 14 fold fold VERB 3b59183387t 11 15 in in ADP 3b59183387t 11 16 a a DET 3b59183387t 11 17 vectorial vectorial ADJ 3b59183387t 11 18 manner manner NOUN 3b59183387t 11 19 upon upon SCONJ 3b59183387t 11 20 om om PROPN 3b59183387t 11 21 secretion secretion NOUN 3b59183387t 11 22 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 12 1 this this PRON 3b59183387t 12 2 is be AUX 3b59183387t 12 3 an an DET 3b59183387t 12 4 intriguing intriguing ADJ 3b59183387t 12 5 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN 3b59183387t 12 6 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 12 7 but but CCONJ 3b59183387t 12 8 it it PRON 3b59183387t 12 9 was be AUX 3b59183387t 12 10 previously previously ADV 3b59183387t 12 11 impossible impossible ADJ 3b59183387t 12 12 to to PART 3b59183387t 12 13 test test VERB 3b59183387t 12 14 this this DET 3b59183387t 12 15 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN 3b59183387t 12 16 directly directly ADV 3b59183387t 12 17 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 13 1 therefore therefore ADV 3b59183387t 13 2 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 13 3 i i PRON 3b59183387t 13 4 developed develop VERB 3b59183387t 13 5 the the DET 3b59183387t 13 6 foundations foundation NOUN 3b59183387t 13 7 of of ADP 3b59183387t 13 8 a a DET 3b59183387t 13 9 single single ADJ 3b59183387t 13 10 molecule molecule NOUN 3b59183387t 13 11 system system NOUN 3b59183387t 13 12 to to PART 3b59183387t 13 13 measure measure VERB 3b59183387t 13 14 vectorial vectorial ADJ 3b59183387t 13 15 folding folding NOUN 3b59183387t 13 16 of of ADP 3b59183387t 13 17 ats at NOUN 3b59183387t 13 18 in in ADP 3b59183387t 13 19 a a DET 3b59183387t 13 20 controlled control VERB 3b59183387t 13 21 in in ADP 3b59183387t 13 22 vitro vitro X 3b59183387t 13 23 system system NOUN 3b59183387t 13 24 directly directly ADV 3b59183387t 13 25 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 14 1 this this DET 3b59183387t 14 2 novel novel NOUN 3b59183387t 14 3 setup setup NOUN 3b59183387t 14 4 includes include VERB 3b59183387t 14 5 nanopore nanopore ADJ 3b59183387t 14 6 translocation translocation NOUN 3b59183387t 14 7 and and CCONJ 3b59183387t 14 8 subsequent subsequent ADJ 3b59183387t 14 9 detection detection NOUN 3b59183387t 14 10 of of ADP 3b59183387t 14 11 protein protein NOUN 3b59183387t 14 12 folding fold VERB 3b59183387t 14 13 using use VERB 3b59183387t 14 14 a a DET 3b59183387t 14 15 single single ADJ 3b59183387t 14 16 molecule molecule NOUN 3b59183387t 14 17 fluorescence fluorescence NOUN 3b59183387t 14 18 based base VERB 3b59183387t 14 19 assay assay PROPN 3b59183387t 14 20 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 15 1 here here ADV 3b59183387t 15 2 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 15 3 both both DET 3b59183387t 15 4 parts part NOUN 3b59183387t 15 5 of of ADP 3b59183387t 15 6 this this DET 3b59183387t 15 7 system system NOUN 3b59183387t 15 8 were be AUX 3b59183387t 15 9 implemented implement VERB 3b59183387t 15 10 separately separately ADV 3b59183387t 15 11 as as ADP 3b59183387t 15 12 proof proof NOUN 3b59183387t 15 13 of of ADP 3b59183387t 15 14 principle principle ADJ 3b59183387t 15 15 tests test NOUN 3b59183387t 15 16 of of ADP 3b59183387t 15 17 feasibility feasibility NOUN 3b59183387t 15 18 . . PUNCT 3b59183387t 16 1 taken take VERB 3b59183387t 16 2 together together ADV 3b59183387t 16 3 , , PUNCT 3b59183387t 16 4 these these DET 3b59183387t 16 5 studies study NOUN 3b59183387t 16 6 provide provide VERB 3b59183387t 16 7 a a DET 3b59183387t 16 8 unique unique ADJ 3b59183387t 16 9 perspective perspective NOUN 3b59183387t 16 10 to to PART 3b59183387t 16 11 get get VERB 3b59183387t 16 12 insights insight NOUN 3b59183387t 16 13 in in ADP 3b59183387t 16 14 a a DET 3b59183387t 16 15 complex complex ADJ 3b59183387t 16 16 protein protein NOUN 3b59183387t 16 17 folding fold VERB 3b59183387t 16 18 process process NOUN 3b59183387t 16 19 . . PUNCT