id sid tid token lemma pos 3197xk84k4x 1 1 energy energy NOUN 3197xk84k4x 1 2 from from ADP 3197xk84k4x 1 3 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 1 4 sun sun NOUN 3197xk84k4x 1 5 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 1 6 enough enough ADJ 3197xk84k4x 1 7 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 1 8 provide provide VERB 3197xk84k4x 1 9 for for ADP 3197xk84k4x 1 10 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 1 11 world world NOUN 3197xk84k4x 1 12 's 's PART 3197xk84k4x 1 13 energy energy NOUN 3197xk84k4x 1 14 requirements requirement NOUN 3197xk84k4x 1 15 12 12 NUM 3197xk84k4x 1 16 times time NOUN 3197xk84k4x 1 17 over over ADV 3197xk84k4x 1 18 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 2 1 however however ADV 3197xk84k4x 2 2 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 2 3 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 2 4 cost cost NOUN 3197xk84k4x 2 5 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 2 6 solar solar ADJ 3197xk84k4x 2 7 cell cell NOUN 3197xk84k4x 2 8 technology technology NOUN 3197xk84k4x 2 9 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 2 10 still still ADV 3197xk84k4x 2 11 quite quite ADV 3197xk84k4x 2 12 significant significant ADJ 3197xk84k4x 2 13 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 3 1 commercial commercial ADJ 3197xk84k4x 3 2 solar solar ADJ 3197xk84k4x 3 3 cells cell NOUN 3197xk84k4x 3 4 currently currently ADV 3197xk84k4x 3 5 use use VERB 3197xk84k4x 3 6 silicon silicon NOUN 3197xk84k4x 3 7 which which PRON 3197xk84k4x 3 8 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 3 9 expensive expensive ADJ 3197xk84k4x 3 10 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 4 1 besides besides SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 4 2 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 4 3 high high ADJ 3197xk84k4x 4 4 cost cost NOUN 3197xk84k4x 4 5 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 4 6 poor poor ADJ 3197xk84k4x 4 7 light light ADJ 3197xk84k4x 4 8 conversion conversion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 4 9 efficiency efficiency NOUN 3197xk84k4x 4 10 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 4 11 also also ADV 3197xk84k4x 4 12 an an DET 3197xk84k4x 4 13 impediment impediment NOUN 3197xk84k4x 4 14 for for SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 4 15 photovoltaics photovoltaic NOUN 3197xk84k4x 4 16 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 4 17 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 4 18 used use VERB 3197xk84k4x 4 19 more more ADV 3197xk84k4x 4 20 widely widely ADV 3197xk84k4x 4 21 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 5 1 lead lead VERB 3197xk84k4x 5 2 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 5 3 are be AUX 3197xk84k4x 5 4 a a DET 3197xk84k4x 5 5 clear clear ADJ 3197xk84k4x 5 6 alternative alternative NOUN 3197xk84k4x 5 7 to to ADP 3197xk84k4x 5 8 silicon silicon NOUN 3197xk84k4x 5 9 for for ADP 3197xk84k4x 5 10 use use NOUN 3197xk84k4x 5 11 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 5 12 photovoltaic photovoltaic ADJ 3197xk84k4x 5 13 devices device NOUN 3197xk84k4x 5 14 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 6 1 they they PRON 3197xk84k4x 6 2 are be AUX 3197xk84k4x 6 3 valuable valuable ADJ 3197xk84k4x 6 4 as as ADP 3197xk84k4x 6 5 photovoltaic photovoltaic ADJ 3197xk84k4x 6 6 materials material NOUN 3197xk84k4x 6 7 because because SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 6 8 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 6 9 their their PRON 3197xk84k4x 6 10 high high ADJ 3197xk84k4x 6 11 light light NOUN 3197xk84k4x 6 12 absorbance absorbance NOUN 3197xk84k4x 6 13 coefficient coefficient NOUN 3197xk84k4x 6 14 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 6 15 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 6 16 ability ability NOUN 3197xk84k4x 6 17 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 6 18 tune tune VERB 3197xk84k4x 6 19 bandgap bandgap NOUN 3197xk84k4x 6 20 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 7 1 however however ADV 3197xk84k4x 7 2 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 7 3 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 7 4 poor poor ADJ 3197xk84k4x 7 5 stability stability NOUN 3197xk84k4x 7 6 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 7 7 this this DET 3197xk84k4x 7 8 material material NOUN 3197xk84k4x 7 9 still still ADV 3197xk84k4x 7 10 prevents prevent VERB 3197xk84k4x 7 11 it it PRON 3197xk84k4x 7 12 from from ADP 3197xk84k4x 7 13 finding find VERB 3197xk84k4x 7 14 commercial commercial ADJ 3197xk84k4x 7 15 use use NOUN 3197xk84k4x 7 16 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 8 1 one one NUM 3197xk84k4x 8 2 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 8 3 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 8 4 main main ADJ 3197xk84k4x 8 5 reasons reason NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 6 for for ADP 3197xk84k4x 8 7 perovskite perovskite ADJ 3197xk84k4x 8 8 instability instability NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 9 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 8 10 that that SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 8 11 because because SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 8 12 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 8 13 its its PRON 3197xk84k4x 8 14 soft soft ADJ 3197xk84k4x 8 15 lattice lattice NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 16 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 8 17 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 8 18 perovskite perovskite ADJ 3197xk84k4x 8 19 ions ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 20 migrate migrate VERB 3197xk84k4x 8 21 easily easily ADV 3197xk84k4x 8 22 under under ADP 3197xk84k4x 8 23 light light NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 24 soaking soaking NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 25 and/or and/or CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 8 26 thermal thermal ADJ 3197xk84k4x 8 27 stress stress NOUN 3197xk84k4x 8 28 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 9 1 this this DET 3197xk84k4x 9 2 dissertation dissertation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 3 investigates investigate VERB 3197xk84k4x 9 4 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 9 5 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 6 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 9 7 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 8 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 9 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 9 10 cation cation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 11 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 12 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 9 13 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 14 – – PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 9 15 both both CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 9 16 bulk bulk NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 17 3d 3d NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 18 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 9 19 2d 2d NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 20 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 21 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 9 22 under under ADP 3197xk84k4x 9 23 light light ADJ 3197xk84k4x 9 24 soaking soaking NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 25 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 9 26 thermal thermal ADJ 3197xk84k4x 9 27 annealing annealing NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 28 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 9 29 suggests suggest VERB 3197xk84k4x 9 30 methods method NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 31 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 9 32 control control VERB 3197xk84k4x 9 33 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 34 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 9 35 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 10 1 photoinduced photoinduce VERB 3197xk84k4x 10 2 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 3 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 4 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 5 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 10 6 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 10 7 resultant resultant ADJ 3197xk84k4x 10 8 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 9 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 10 segregation segregation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 11 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 10 12 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 10 13 can can AUX 3197xk84k4x 10 14 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 10 15 monitored monitor VERB 3197xk84k4x 10 16 spectroscopically spectroscopically ADV 3197xk84k4x 10 17 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 11 1 however however ADV 3197xk84k4x 11 2 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 11 3 a a DET 3197xk84k4x 11 4 quantification quantification NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 5 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 11 6 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 7 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 8 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 11 9 challenging challenge VERB 3197xk84k4x 11 10 because because SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 11 11 segregated segregated ADJ 3197xk84k4x 11 12 mixed mixed ADJ 3197xk84k4x 11 13 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 14 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 15 recover recover VERB 3197xk84k4x 11 16 to to ADP 3197xk84k4x 11 17 their their PRON 3197xk84k4x 11 18 starting starting NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 19 composition composition NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 20 when when SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 11 21 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 11 22 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 11 23 dark dark NOUN 3197xk84k4x 11 24 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 12 1 when when SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 12 2 mixed mixed ADJ 3197xk84k4x 12 3 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 12 4 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 12 5 are be AUX 3197xk84k4x 12 6 irradiated irradiate VERB 3197xk84k4x 12 7 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 12 8 dichloromethane dichloromethane NOUN 3197xk84k4x 12 9 ( ( PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 12 10 dcm dcm PROPN 3197xk84k4x 12 11 ) ) PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 12 12 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 12 13 iodine iodine NOUN 3197xk84k4x 12 14 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 12 15 observed observe VERB 3197xk84k4x 12 16 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 12 17 get get AUX 3197xk84k4x 12 18 expelled expel VERB 3197xk84k4x 12 19 into into ADP 3197xk84k4x 12 20 dcm dcm PROPN 3197xk84k4x 12 21 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 13 1 this this DET 3197xk84k4x 13 2 iodine iodine NOUN 3197xk84k4x 13 3 that that PRON 3197xk84k4x 13 4 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 13 5 expelled expel VERB 3197xk84k4x 13 6 has have VERB 3197xk84k4x 13 7 a a DET 3197xk84k4x 13 8 spectroscopic spectroscopic ADJ 3197xk84k4x 13 9 signature signature NOUN 3197xk84k4x 13 10 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 13 11 which which PRON 3197xk84k4x 13 12 can can AUX 3197xk84k4x 13 13 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 13 14 used use VERB 3197xk84k4x 13 15 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 13 16 quantify quantify VERB 3197xk84k4x 13 17 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 13 18 amount amount NOUN 3197xk84k4x 13 19 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 13 20 iodine iodine NOUN 3197xk84k4x 13 21 expelled expel VERB 3197xk84k4x 13 22 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 13 23 thus thus ADV 3197xk84k4x 13 24 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 13 25 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 13 26 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 14 1 we we PRON 3197xk84k4x 14 2 have have AUX 3197xk84k4x 14 3 demonstrated demonstrate VERB 3197xk84k4x 14 4 that that SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 14 5 iodine iodine NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 6 expulsion expulsion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 7 can can AUX 3197xk84k4x 14 8 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 14 9 used use VERB 3197xk84k4x 14 10 to to AUX 3197xk84k4x 14 11 ( ( PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 14 12 1 1 X 3197xk84k4x 14 13 ) ) PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 14 14 quantify quantify VERB 3197xk84k4x 14 15 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 16 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 17 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 14 18 mixed mixed ADJ 3197xk84k4x 14 19 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 20 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 21 with with ADP 3197xk84k4x 14 22 various various ADJ 3197xk84k4x 14 23 a a DET 3197xk84k4x 14 24 - - PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 14 25 site site NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 26 cations cation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 27 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 14 28 ( ( PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 14 29 2 2 X 3197xk84k4x 14 30 ) ) PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 14 31 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 14 32 compare compare VERB 3197xk84k4x 14 33 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 34 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 35 at at ADP 3197xk84k4x 14 36 different different ADJ 3197xk84k4x 14 37 electrochemical electrochemical ADJ 3197xk84k4x 14 38 biases bias NOUN 3197xk84k4x 14 39 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 15 1 2d 2d DET 3197xk84k4x 15 2 layered layered ADJ 3197xk84k4x 15 3 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 4 have have AUX 3197xk84k4x 15 5 been be AUX 3197xk84k4x 15 6 considered consider VERB 3197xk84k4x 15 7 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 15 8 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 15 9 a a DET 3197xk84k4x 15 10 viable viable ADJ 3197xk84k4x 15 11 replacement replacement NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 12 for for ADP 3197xk84k4x 15 13 3d 3d PRON 3197xk84k4x 15 14 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 15 because because SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 15 16 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 15 17 higher high ADJ 3197xk84k4x 15 18 stability stability NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 19 owing owe VERB 3197xk84k4x 15 20 to to ADP 3197xk84k4x 15 21 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 15 22 hydrophobic hydrophobic NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 23 spacer spacer NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 24 cations cation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 15 25 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 16 1 for for SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 16 2 2d 2d NOUN 3197xk84k4x 16 3 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 16 4 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 16 5 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 16 6 integrated integrate VERB 3197xk84k4x 16 7 into into ADP 3197xk84k4x 16 8 devices device NOUN 3197xk84k4x 16 9 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 16 10 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 16 11 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 16 12 needs need VERB 3197xk84k4x 16 13 to to PART 3197xk84k4x 16 14 be be AUX 3197xk84k4x 16 15 considered consider VERB 3197xk84k4x 16 16 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 17 1 by by ADP 3197xk84k4x 17 2 using use VERB 3197xk84k4x 17 3 2d 2d PRON 3197xk84k4x 17 4 mixed mixed ADJ 3197xk84k4x 17 5 halide halide NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 6 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 7 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 17 8 a a DET 3197xk84k4x 17 9 spacer spacer NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 10 cation cation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 11 dependence dependence NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 12 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 17 13 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 14 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 17 15 was be AUX 3197xk84k4x 17 16 discussed discuss VERB 3197xk84k4x 17 17 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 18 1 aromatic aromatic ADJ 3197xk84k4x 18 2 spacers spacer NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 3 like like SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 18 4 phenethylammonium phenethylammonium NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 5 make make VERB 3197xk84k4x 18 6 2d 2d ADJ 3197xk84k4x 18 7 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 8 stable stable ADJ 3197xk84k4x 18 9 to to ADP 3197xk84k4x 18 10 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 11 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 12 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 18 13 while while SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 18 14 2d 2d DET 3197xk84k4x 18 15 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 16 with with ADP 3197xk84k4x 18 17 aliphatic aliphatic ADJ 3197xk84k4x 18 18 spacers spacer NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 19 like like ADP 3197xk84k4x 18 20 butylammonium butylammonium NOUN 3197xk84k4x 18 21 are be AUX 3197xk84k4x 18 22 unstable unstable ADJ 3197xk84k4x 18 23 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 19 1 finally finally ADV 3197xk84k4x 19 2 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 19 3 we we PRON 3197xk84k4x 19 4 demonstrate demonstrate VERB 3197xk84k4x 19 5 that that SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 19 6 cation cation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 19 7 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 19 8 occurs occur VERB 3197xk84k4x 19 9 between between ADP 3197xk84k4x 19 10 2d/3d 2d/3d NUM 3197xk84k4x 19 11 perovskite perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 19 12 interfaces interface NOUN 3197xk84k4x 19 13 on on ADP 3197xk84k4x 19 14 annealing anneal VERB 3197xk84k4x 19 15 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 20 1 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 20 2 physically physically ADV 3197xk84k4x 20 3 paired pair VERB 3197xk84k4x 20 4 2d 2d NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 5 perovskite perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 6 and and CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 20 7 3d 3d NUM 3197xk84k4x 20 8 perovskite perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 9 , , PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 20 10 it it PRON 3197xk84k4x 20 11 is be AUX 3197xk84k4x 20 12 observed observe VERB 3197xk84k4x 20 13 on on ADP 3197xk84k4x 20 14 annealing anneal VERB 3197xk84k4x 20 15 that that SCONJ 3197xk84k4x 20 16 cations cation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 17 migrate migrate VERB 3197xk84k4x 20 18 resulting result VERB 3197xk84k4x 20 19 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 20 20 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 20 21 formation formation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 22 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 20 23 higher high ADJ 3197xk84k4x 20 24 layer layer NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 25 numbers number NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 26 or or CCONJ 3197xk84k4x 20 27 quasi-2d quasi-2d NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 28 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 20 29 . . PUNCT 3197xk84k4x 21 1 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 21 2 projects project NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 3 described describe VERB 3197xk84k4x 21 4 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 21 5 this this DET 3197xk84k4x 21 6 dissertation dissertation NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 7 thus thus ADV 3197xk84k4x 21 8 provide provide VERB 3197xk84k4x 21 9 important important ADJ 3197xk84k4x 21 10 insights insight NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 11 into into ADP 3197xk84k4x 21 12 understanding understand VERB 3197xk84k4x 21 13 the the DET 3197xk84k4x 21 14 mechanism mechanism NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 15 of of ADP 3197xk84k4x 21 16 ion ion NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 17 migration migration NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 18 in in ADP 3197xk84k4x 21 19 perovskites perovskite NOUN 3197xk84k4x 21 20 . . PUNCT