id sid tid token lemma pos 2j62s467080 1 1 this this DET 2j62s467080 1 2 dissertation dissertation NOUN 2j62s467080 1 3 contains contain VERB 2j62s467080 1 4 three three NUM 2j62s467080 1 5 essays essay NOUN 2j62s467080 1 6 on on ADP 2j62s467080 1 7 the the DET 2j62s467080 1 8 economics economic NOUN 2j62s467080 1 9 of of ADP 2j62s467080 1 10 education education NOUN 2j62s467080 1 11 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 2 1 in in ADP 2j62s467080 2 2 chapter chapter NOUN 2j62s467080 2 3 1 1 NUM 2j62s467080 2 4 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 2 5 i i PRON 2j62s467080 2 6 investigate investigate VERB 2j62s467080 2 7 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 2 8 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 2 9 under under ADP 2j62s467080 2 10 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 2 11 pay pay NOUN 2j62s467080 2 12 incentives incentive NOUN 2j62s467080 2 13 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 3 1 over over ADP 2j62s467080 3 2 the the DET 2j62s467080 3 3 last last ADJ 2j62s467080 3 4 decade decade NOUN 2j62s467080 3 5 many many ADJ 2j62s467080 3 6 districts district NOUN 2j62s467080 3 7 have have AUX 2j62s467080 3 8 implemented implement VERB 2j62s467080 3 9 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 3 10 pay pay VERB 2j62s467080 3 11 incentives incentive NOUN 2j62s467080 3 12 to to PART 2j62s467080 3 13 reward reward VERB 2j62s467080 3 14 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 3 15 for for ADP 2j62s467080 3 16 improving improve VERB 2j62s467080 3 17 student student NOUN 2j62s467080 3 18 test test NOUN 2j62s467080 3 19 scores score NOUN 2j62s467080 3 20 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 4 1 economic economic ADJ 2j62s467080 4 2 theory theory NOUN 2j62s467080 4 3 suggests suggest VERB 2j62s467080 4 4 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 4 5 these these DET 2j62s467080 4 6 programs program NOUN 2j62s467080 4 7 could could AUX 2j62s467080 4 8 alter alter VERB 2j62s467080 4 9 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 4 10 work work NOUN 2j62s467080 4 11 effort effort NOUN 2j62s467080 4 12 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 4 13 cooperation cooperation NOUN 2j62s467080 4 14 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 4 15 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 4 16 retention retention NOUN 2j62s467080 4 17 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 5 1 because because SCONJ 2j62s467080 5 2 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 5 3 can can AUX 2j62s467080 5 4 choose choose VERB 2j62s467080 5 5 to to PART 2j62s467080 5 6 work work VERB 2j62s467080 5 7 in in ADP 2j62s467080 5 8 a a DET 2j62s467080 5 9 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 5 10 pay pay NOUN 2j62s467080 5 11 district district NOUN 2j62s467080 5 12 that that PRON 2j62s467080 5 13 has have VERB 2j62s467080 5 14 characteristics characteristic NOUN 2j62s467080 5 15 correlated correlate VERB 2j62s467080 5 16 with with ADP 2j62s467080 5 17 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 5 18 behavior behavior NOUN 2j62s467080 5 19 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 5 20 i i PRON 2j62s467080 5 21 use use VERB 2j62s467080 5 22 the the DET 2j62s467080 5 23 distance distance NOUN 2j62s467080 5 24 between between ADP 2j62s467080 5 25 a a DET 2j62s467080 5 26 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 5 27 's 's PART 2j62s467080 5 28 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ 2j62s467080 5 29 institution institution NOUN 2j62s467080 5 30 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 5 31 the the DET 2j62s467080 5 32 nearest near ADJ 2j62s467080 5 33 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 5 34 pay pay NOUN 2j62s467080 5 35 district district NOUN 2j62s467080 5 36 as as ADP 2j62s467080 5 37 an an DET 2j62s467080 5 38 instrumental instrumental ADJ 2j62s467080 5 39 variable variable NOUN 2j62s467080 5 40 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 6 1 using use VERB 2j62s467080 6 2 data datum NOUN 2j62s467080 6 3 from from ADP 2j62s467080 6 4 the the DET 2j62s467080 6 5 2003 2003 NUM 2j62s467080 6 6 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 6 7 2007 2007 NUM 2j62s467080 6 8 waves wave NOUN 2j62s467080 6 9 of of ADP 2j62s467080 6 10 the the DET 2j62s467080 6 11 schools school NOUN 2j62s467080 6 12 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 6 13 staffing staffing NOUN 2j62s467080 6 14 survey survey NOUN 2j62s467080 6 15 ( ( PUNCT 2j62s467080 6 16 sass sass NOUN 2j62s467080 6 17 ) ) PUNCT 2j62s467080 6 18 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 6 19 i i PRON 2j62s467080 6 20 find find VERB 2j62s467080 6 21 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 6 22 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 6 23 respond respond VERB 2j62s467080 6 24 to to ADP 2j62s467080 6 25 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 6 26 pay pay NOUN 2j62s467080 6 27 incentives incentive NOUN 2j62s467080 6 28 by by ADP 2j62s467080 6 29 working work VERB 2j62s467080 6 30 fewer few ADJ 2j62s467080 6 31 hours hour NOUN 2j62s467080 6 32 per per ADP 2j62s467080 6 33 week week NOUN 2j62s467080 6 34 at at ADP 2j62s467080 6 35 school school NOUN 2j62s467080 6 36 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 7 1 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 7 2 pay pay NOUN 2j62s467080 7 3 also also ADV 2j62s467080 7 4 decreases decrease VERB 2j62s467080 7 5 participation participation NOUN 2j62s467080 7 6 in in ADP 2j62s467080 7 7 unpaid unpaid ADJ 2j62s467080 7 8 cooperative cooperative ADJ 2j62s467080 7 9 school school NOUN 2j62s467080 7 10 activities activity NOUN 2j62s467080 7 11 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 7 12 while while SCONJ 2j62s467080 7 13 there there PRON 2j62s467080 7 14 is be VERB 2j62s467080 7 15 suggestive suggestive ADJ 2j62s467080 7 16 evidence evidence NOUN 2j62s467080 7 17 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 7 18 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 7 19 turnover turnover NOUN 2j62s467080 7 20 decreases decrease VERB 2j62s467080 7 21 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 8 1 the the DET 2j62s467080 8 2 treatment treatment NOUN 2j62s467080 8 3 effects effect NOUN 2j62s467080 8 4 are be AUX 2j62s467080 8 5 heterogeneous heterogeneous ADJ 2j62s467080 8 6 ; ; PUNCT 2j62s467080 8 7 male male ADJ 2j62s467080 8 8 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 8 9 respond respond VERB 2j62s467080 8 10 more more ADV 2j62s467080 8 11 positively positively ADV 2j62s467080 8 12 to to PART 2j62s467080 8 13 performance performance VERB 2j62s467080 8 14 pay pay NOUN 2j62s467080 8 15 than than ADP 2j62s467080 8 16 female female ADJ 2j62s467080 8 17 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 8 18 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 9 1 in in ADP 2j62s467080 9 2 florida florida PROPN 2j62s467080 9 3 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 9 4 which which PRON 2j62s467080 9 5 restricts restrict VERB 2j62s467080 9 6 state state NOUN 2j62s467080 9 7 performance performance NOUN 2j62s467080 9 8 pay pay VERB 2j62s467080 9 9 funding funding NOUN 2j62s467080 9 10 to to ADP 2j62s467080 9 11 individual individual ADJ 2j62s467080 9 12 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 9 13 or or CCONJ 2j62s467080 9 14 teams team NOUN 2j62s467080 9 15 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 9 16 i i PRON 2j62s467080 9 17 find find VERB 2j62s467080 9 18 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 9 19 work work NOUN 2j62s467080 9 20 effort effort NOUN 2j62s467080 9 21 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 9 22 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 9 23 turnover turnover NOUN 2j62s467080 9 24 increase increase NOUN 2j62s467080 9 25 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 10 1 in in ADP 2j62s467080 10 2 chapter chapter NOUN 2j62s467080 10 3 2 2 NUM 2j62s467080 10 4 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 10 5 i i PRON 2j62s467080 10 6 use use VERB 2j62s467080 10 7 a a DET 2j62s467080 10 8 restricted restricted ADJ 2j62s467080 10 9 use use NOUN 2j62s467080 10 10 version version NOUN 2j62s467080 10 11 of of ADP 2j62s467080 10 12 the the DET 2j62s467080 10 13 2007 2007 NUM 2j62s467080 10 14 schools school NOUN 2j62s467080 10 15 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 10 16 staffing staffing NOUN 2j62s467080 10 17 survey survey NOUN 2j62s467080 10 18 ( ( PUNCT 2j62s467080 10 19 sass sass NOUN 2j62s467080 10 20 ) ) PUNCT 2j62s467080 10 21 to to PART 2j62s467080 10 22 estimate estimate VERB 2j62s467080 10 23 the the DET 2j62s467080 10 24 effect effect NOUN 2j62s467080 10 25 of of ADP 2j62s467080 10 26 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 10 27 on on ADP 2j62s467080 10 28 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 10 29 behavior behavior NOUN 2j62s467080 10 30 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 10 31 time time NOUN 2j62s467080 10 32 allocation allocation NOUN 2j62s467080 10 33 at at ADP 2j62s467080 10 34 school school NOUN 2j62s467080 10 35 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 10 36 outside outside NOUN 2j62s467080 10 37 of of ADP 2j62s467080 10 38 school school NOUN 2j62s467080 10 39 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 11 1 in in ADP 2j62s467080 11 2 most most ADJ 2j62s467080 11 3 states state NOUN 2j62s467080 11 4 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 11 5 k-12 k-12 NOUN 2j62s467080 11 6 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 11 7 receive receive VERB 2j62s467080 11 8 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 11 9 after after ADP 2j62s467080 11 10 serving serve VERB 2j62s467080 11 11 a a DET 2j62s467080 11 12 probationary probationary ADJ 2j62s467080 11 13 period period NOUN 2j62s467080 11 14 of of ADP 2j62s467080 11 15 several several ADJ 2j62s467080 11 16 years year NOUN 2j62s467080 11 17 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 12 1 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 12 2 with with ADP 2j62s467080 12 3 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 12 4 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 12 5 or or CCONJ 2j62s467080 12 6 a a DET 2j62s467080 12 7 continuing continue VERB 2j62s467080 12 8 contract contract NOUN 2j62s467080 12 9 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 12 10 are be AUX 2j62s467080 12 11 guaranteed guarantee VERB 2j62s467080 12 12 due due ADJ 2j62s467080 12 13 process process NOUN 2j62s467080 12 14 before before SCONJ 2j62s467080 12 15 they they PRON 2j62s467080 12 16 can can AUX 2j62s467080 12 17 be be AUX 2j62s467080 12 18 dismissed dismiss VERB 2j62s467080 12 19 from from ADP 2j62s467080 12 20 their their PRON 2j62s467080 12 21 job job NOUN 2j62s467080 12 22 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 13 1 estimates estimate NOUN 2j62s467080 13 2 of of ADP 2j62s467080 13 3 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 13 4 behavior behavior NOUN 2j62s467080 13 5 are be AUX 2j62s467080 13 6 obtained obtain VERB 2j62s467080 13 7 by by ADP 2j62s467080 13 8 exploiting exploit VERB 2j62s467080 13 9 the the DET 2j62s467080 13 10 cross cross ADJ 2j62s467080 13 11 - - ADJ 2j62s467080 13 12 state state ADJ 2j62s467080 13 13 variation variation NOUN 2j62s467080 13 14 in in ADP 2j62s467080 13 15 the the DET 2j62s467080 13 16 probationary probationary ADJ 2j62s467080 13 17 period period NOUN 2j62s467080 13 18 length length NOUN 2j62s467080 13 19 of of ADP 2j62s467080 13 20 novice novice NOUN 2j62s467080 13 21 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 13 22 within within ADP 2j62s467080 13 23 a a DET 2j62s467080 13 24 difference difference NOUN 2j62s467080 13 25 - - PUNCT 2j62s467080 13 26 in in ADP 2j62s467080 13 27 - - PUNCT 2j62s467080 13 28 difference difference NOUN 2j62s467080 13 29 framework framework NOUN 2j62s467080 13 30 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 14 1 i i PRON 2j62s467080 14 2 find find VERB 2j62s467080 14 3 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 14 4 in in ADP 2j62s467080 14 5 the the DET 2j62s467080 14 6 year year NOUN 2j62s467080 14 7 that that PRON 2j62s467080 14 8 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 14 9 are be AUX 2j62s467080 14 10 evaluated evaluate VERB 2j62s467080 14 11 for for ADP 2j62s467080 14 12 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 14 13 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 14 14 they they PRON 2j62s467080 14 15 spend spend VERB 2j62s467080 14 16 significantly significantly ADV 2j62s467080 14 17 more more ADJ 2j62s467080 14 18 of of ADP 2j62s467080 14 19 their their PRON 2j62s467080 14 20 own own ADJ 2j62s467080 14 21 money money NOUN 2j62s467080 14 22 on on ADP 2j62s467080 14 23 classroom classroom NOUN 2j62s467080 14 24 materials material NOUN 2j62s467080 14 25 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 15 1 relative relative ADJ 2j62s467080 15 2 to to ADP 2j62s467080 15 3 the the DET 2j62s467080 15 4 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 15 5 evaluation evaluation NOUN 2j62s467080 15 6 year year NOUN 2j62s467080 15 7 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 15 8 once once SCONJ 2j62s467080 15 9 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 15 10 receive receive VERB 2j62s467080 15 11 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 15 12 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 15 13 they they PRON 2j62s467080 15 14 communicate communicate VERB 2j62s467080 15 15 less less ADJ 2j62s467080 15 16 with with ADP 2j62s467080 15 17 students student NOUN 2j62s467080 15 18 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 15 19 parents parent NOUN 2j62s467080 15 20 outside outside ADP 2j62s467080 15 21 of of ADP 2j62s467080 15 22 class class NOUN 2j62s467080 15 23 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 15 24 participate participate VERB 2j62s467080 15 25 less less ADV 2j62s467080 15 26 in in ADP 2j62s467080 15 27 school school NOUN 2j62s467080 15 28 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 15 29 district district NOUN 2j62s467080 15 30 committees committee NOUN 2j62s467080 15 31 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 16 1 in in ADP 2j62s467080 16 2 those those DET 2j62s467080 16 3 districts district NOUN 2j62s467080 16 4 where where SCONJ 2j62s467080 16 5 at at ADV 2j62s467080 16 6 least least ADV 2j62s467080 16 7 one one NUM 2j62s467080 16 8 probationary probationary ADJ 2j62s467080 16 9 teacher teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 16 10 is be AUX 2j62s467080 16 11 fired fire VERB 2j62s467080 16 12 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 16 13 i i PRON 2j62s467080 16 14 find find VERB 2j62s467080 16 15 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 16 16 teachers teacher NOUN 2j62s467080 16 17 reallocate reallocate VERB 2j62s467080 16 18 their their PRON 2j62s467080 16 19 teaching teaching NOUN 2j62s467080 16 20 time time NOUN 2j62s467080 16 21 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 17 1 immediately immediately ADV 2j62s467080 17 2 after after ADP 2j62s467080 17 3 receiving receive VERB 2j62s467080 17 4 tenure tenure NOUN 2j62s467080 17 5 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 17 6 they they PRON 2j62s467080 17 7 spend spend VERB 2j62s467080 17 8 less less ADJ 2j62s467080 17 9 time time NOUN 2j62s467080 17 10 teaching teach VERB 2j62s467080 17 11 math math NOUN 2j62s467080 17 12 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 17 13 more more ADJ 2j62s467080 17 14 time time NOUN 2j62s467080 17 15 teaching teach VERB 2j62s467080 17 16 english english PROPN 2j62s467080 17 17 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 18 1 in in ADP 2j62s467080 18 2 chapter chapter NOUN 2j62s467080 18 3 3 3 NUM 2j62s467080 18 4 ( ( PUNCT 2j62s467080 18 5 with with ADP 2j62s467080 18 6 richard richard PROPN 2j62s467080 18 7 jensen jensen PROPN 2j62s467080 18 8 ) ) PUNCT 2j62s467080 18 9 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 18 10 we we PRON 2j62s467080 18 11 empirically empirically ADV 2j62s467080 18 12 examine examine VERB 2j62s467080 18 13 commercialization commercialization NOUN 2j62s467080 18 14 of of ADP 2j62s467080 18 15 university university NOUN 2j62s467080 18 16 faculty faculty NOUN 2j62s467080 18 17 inventions invention NOUN 2j62s467080 18 18 through through ADP 2j62s467080 18 19 startup startup NOUN 2j62s467080 18 20 firms firm NOUN 2j62s467080 18 21 from from ADP 2j62s467080 18 22 1994 1994 NUM 2j62s467080 18 23 through through ADP 2j62s467080 18 24 2008 2008 NUM 2j62s467080 18 25 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 19 1 using use VERB 2j62s467080 19 2 data datum NOUN 2j62s467080 19 3 from from ADP 2j62s467080 19 4 the the DET 2j62s467080 19 5 association association NOUN 2j62s467080 19 6 of of ADP 2j62s467080 19 7 university university NOUN 2j62s467080 19 8 technology technology NOUN 2j62s467080 19 9 managers manager NOUN 2j62s467080 19 10 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 19 11 the the DET 2j62s467080 19 12 2010 2010 NUM 2j62s467080 19 13 nrc nrc PROPN 2j62s467080 19 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ 2j62s467080 19 15 rankings ranking NOUN 2j62s467080 19 16 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 19 17 our our PRON 2j62s467080 19 18 research research NOUN 2j62s467080 19 19 reveals reveal VERB 2j62s467080 19 20 several several ADJ 2j62s467080 19 21 findings finding NOUN 2j62s467080 19 22 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 20 1 we we PRON 2j62s467080 20 2 find find VERB 2j62s467080 20 3 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 20 4 university university NOUN 2j62s467080 20 5 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NOUN 2j62s467080 20 6 is be AUX 2j62s467080 20 7 more more ADV 2j62s467080 20 8 common common ADJ 2j62s467080 20 9 in in ADP 2j62s467080 20 10 bad bad ADJ 2j62s467080 20 11 economic economic ADJ 2j62s467080 20 12 times time NOUN 2j62s467080 20 13 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 20 14 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 20 15 engineering engineering NOUN 2j62s467080 20 16 department department NOUN 2j62s467080 20 17 quality quality NOUN 2j62s467080 20 18 and and CCONJ 2j62s467080 20 19 biological biological ADJ 2j62s467080 20 20 sciences sciences PROPN 2j62s467080 20 21 department department NOUN 2j62s467080 20 22 size size NOUN 2j62s467080 20 23 are be AUX 2j62s467080 20 24 more more ADV 2j62s467080 20 25 important important ADJ 2j62s467080 20 26 after after ADP 2j62s467080 20 27 the the DET 2j62s467080 20 28 nasdaq nasdaq PROPN 2j62s467080 20 29 stock stock NOUN 2j62s467080 20 30 market market NOUN 2j62s467080 20 31 crash crash NOUN 2j62s467080 20 32 in in ADP 2j62s467080 20 33 2000 2000 NUM 2j62s467080 20 34 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 21 1 we we PRON 2j62s467080 21 2 also also ADV 2j62s467080 21 3 find find VERB 2j62s467080 21 4 that that SCONJ 2j62s467080 21 5 the the DET 2j62s467080 21 6 quality quality NOUN 2j62s467080 21 7 of of ADP 2j62s467080 21 8 a a DET 2j62s467080 21 9 biological biological ADJ 2j62s467080 21 10 sciences science NOUN 2j62s467080 21 11 department department NOUN 2j62s467080 21 12 is be AUX 2j62s467080 21 13 positively positively ADV 2j62s467080 21 14 associated associate VERB 2j62s467080 21 15 with with ADP 2j62s467080 21 16 startup startup NOUN 2j62s467080 21 17 company company NOUN 2j62s467080 21 18 activity activity NOUN 2j62s467080 21 19 . . PUNCT 2j62s467080 22 1 conditional conditional ADJ 2j62s467080 22 2 on on ADP 2j62s467080 22 3 creating create VERB 2j62s467080 22 4 one one NUM 2j62s467080 22 5 startup startup NOUN 2j62s467080 22 6 , , PUNCT 2j62s467080 22 7 each each DET 2j62s467080 22 8 additional additional ADJ 2j62s467080 22 9 tto tto PROPN 2j62s467080 22 10 employee employee NOUN 2j62s467080 22 11 significantly significantly ADV 2j62s467080 22 12 increases increase VERB 2j62s467080 22 13 university university NOUN 2j62s467080 22 14 startups startup NOUN 2j62s467080 22 15 . . PUNCT