id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
1831cj84f09	1	1	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	2	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	3	refer	refer	VERB
1831cj84f09	1	4	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	1	5	sudden	sudden	ADJ
1831cj84f09	1	6	changes	change	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	7	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	1	8	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	1	9	structure	structure	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	10	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	1	11	function	function	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	12	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	1	13	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	1	14	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	15	due	due	ADP
1831cj84f09	1	16	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	1	17	forces	force	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	18	from	from	ADP
1831cj84f09	1	19	external	external	ADJ
1831cj84f09	1	20	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
1831cj84f09	1	21	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	2	1	such	such	ADJ
1831cj84f09	2	2	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	3	occur	occur	VERB
1831cj84f09	2	4	because	because	SCONJ
1831cj84f09	2	5	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	2	6	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	7	has	have	AUX
1831cj84f09	2	8	alternative	alternative	ADJ
1831cj84f09	2	9	stable	stable	ADJ
1831cj84f09	2	10	states	state	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	11	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	2	12	external	external	ADJ
1831cj84f09	2	13	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	14	force	force	VERB
1831cj84f09	2	15	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	2	16	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	17	's	's	PART
1831cj84f09	2	18	operating	operating	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	19	point	point	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	20	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	2	21	shift	shift	VERB
1831cj84f09	2	22	from	from	ADP
1831cj84f09	2	23	one	one	NUM
1831cj84f09	2	24	stable	stable	ADJ
1831cj84f09	2	25	state	state	NOUN
1831cj84f09	2	26	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	2	27	another	another	PRON
1831cj84f09	2	28	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	3	1	examples	example	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	2	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	3	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	4	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	5	include	include	VERB
1831cj84f09	3	6	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	3	7	collapse	collapse	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	8	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	9	coastal	coastal	ADJ
1831cj84f09	3	10	fisheries	fishery	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	11	as	as	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	12	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	3	13	result	result	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	14	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	15	human	human	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	16	-	-	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	3	17	induced	induce	VERB
1831cj84f09	3	18	nutrient	nutrient	ADJ
1831cj84f09	3	19	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	20	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	3	21	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	3	22	voltage	voltage	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	23	collapse	collapse	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	24	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	25	power	power	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	26	network	network	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	27	due	due	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	28	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	29	variations	variation	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	30	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	3	31	storm	storm	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	32	frequency	frequency	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	33	or	or	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	3	34	user	user	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	35	demand	demand	NOUN
1831cj84f09	3	36	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	4	1	due	due	ADP
1831cj84f09	4	2	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	4	3	such	such	ADJ
1831cj84f09	4	4	undesired	undesired	ADJ
1831cj84f09	4	5	consequences	consequence	NOUN
1831cj84f09	4	6	,	,	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	4	7	there	there	PRON
1831cj84f09	4	8	is	be	VERB
1831cj84f09	4	9	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	4	10	great	great	ADJ
1831cj84f09	4	11	challenge	challenge	NOUN
1831cj84f09	4	12	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	4	13	finding	find	VERB
1831cj84f09	4	14	methods	method	NOUN
1831cj84f09	4	15	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	4	16	forecast	forecast	VERB
1831cj84f09	4	17	their	their	PRON
1831cj84f09	4	18	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
1831cj84f09	4	19	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	5	1	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	5	2	work	work	NOUN
1831cj84f09	5	3	presented	present	VERB
1831cj84f09	5	4	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	5	5	this	this	DET
1831cj84f09	5	6	thesis	thesis	NOUN
1831cj84f09	5	7	addresses	address	VERB
1831cj84f09	5	8	this	this	DET
1831cj84f09	5	9	challenge	challenge	NOUN
1831cj84f09	5	10	using	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	5	11	techniques	technique	NOUN
1831cj84f09	5	12	from	from	ADP
1831cj84f09	5	13	polynomial	polynomial	ADJ
1831cj84f09	5	14	optimization	optimization	NOUN
1831cj84f09	5	15	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	6	1	we	we	PRON
1831cj84f09	6	2	first	first	ADV
1831cj84f09	6	3	identify	identify	VERB
1831cj84f09	6	4	two	two	NUM
1831cj84f09	6	5	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	6	by	by	ADP
1831cj84f09	6	7	which	which	PRON
1831cj84f09	6	8	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	9	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	10	may	may	AUX
1831cj84f09	6	11	occur	occur	VERB
1831cj84f09	6	12	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	6	13	then	then	ADV
1831cj84f09	6	14	formulate	formulate	VERB
1831cj84f09	6	15	some	some	DET
1831cj84f09	6	16	real	real	ADV
1831cj84f09	6	17	-	-	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	6	18	valued	value	VERB
1831cj84f09	6	19	quantities	quantity	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	20	that	that	PRON
1831cj84f09	6	21	can	can	AUX
1831cj84f09	6	22	be	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	6	23	used	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	6	24	as	as	ADP
1831cj84f09	6	25	indicators	indicator	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	26	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	6	27	how	how	SCONJ
1831cj84f09	6	28	close	close	ADJ
1831cj84f09	6	29	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	6	30	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	31	is	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	6	32	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	6	33	each	each	DET
1831cj84f09	6	34	type	type	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	35	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	6	36	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	37	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	6	38	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	7	1	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	7	2	first	first	ADJ
1831cj84f09	7	3	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	4	shift	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	5	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	6	will	will	AUX
1831cj84f09	7	7	be	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	7	8	referred	refer	VERB
1831cj84f09	7	9	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	7	10	as	as	ADP
1831cj84f09	7	11	bifurcation	bifurcation	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	12	-	-	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	7	13	induced	induce	VERB
1831cj84f09	7	14	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	15	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	16	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	7	17	it	it	PRON
1831cj84f09	7	18	occurs	occur	VERB
1831cj84f09	7	19	because	because	SCONJ
1831cj84f09	7	20	variation	variation	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	21	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	7	22	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	7	23	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	24	's	's	PART
1831cj84f09	7	25	parameters	parameter	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	26	exceeds	exceed	VERB
1831cj84f09	7	27	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	7	28	critical	critical	ADJ
1831cj84f09	7	29	threshold	threshold	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	30	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	7	31	forces	force	VERB
1831cj84f09	7	32	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	7	33	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	34	's	's	PART
1831cj84f09	7	35	equilibria	equilibria	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	36	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	7	37	undergo	undergo	VERB
1831cj84f09	7	38	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	7	39	bifurcation	bifurcation	NOUN
1831cj84f09	7	40	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	8	1	we	we	PRON
1831cj84f09	8	2	use	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	8	3	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	8	4	quantity	quantity	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	5	known	know	VERB
1831cj84f09	8	6	as	as	ADP
1831cj84f09	8	7	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	8	8	minimum	minimum	ADJ
1831cj84f09	8	9	distance	distance	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	10	to	to	AUX
1831cj84f09	8	11	bifurcation	bifurcation	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	12	as	as	ADP
1831cj84f09	8	13	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	8	14	measure	measure	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	15	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	8	16	how	how	SCONJ
1831cj84f09	8	17	close	close	ADJ
1831cj84f09	8	18	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	8	19	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	20	is	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	8	21	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	8	22	this	this	DET
1831cj84f09	8	23	type	type	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	24	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	8	25	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	26	shift	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	27	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	8	28	then	then	ADV
1831cj84f09	8	29	formulate	formulate	VERB
1831cj84f09	8	30	polynomial	polynomial	ADJ
1831cj84f09	8	31	optimization	optimization	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	32	problems	problem	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	33	that	that	PRON
1831cj84f09	8	34	can	can	AUX
1831cj84f09	8	35	be	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	8	36	used	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	8	37	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	8	38	compute	compute	VERB
1831cj84f09	8	39	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	8	40	global	global	ADJ
1831cj84f09	8	41	minimum	minimum	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	42	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	8	43	this	this	DET
1831cj84f09	8	44	quantity	quantity	NOUN
1831cj84f09	8	45	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	9	1	we	we	PRON
1831cj84f09	9	2	show	show	VERB
1831cj84f09	9	3	that	that	SCONJ
1831cj84f09	9	4	by	by	ADP
1831cj84f09	9	5	using	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	9	6	techniques	technique	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	7	from	from	ADP
1831cj84f09	9	8	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
1831cj84f09	9	9	geometry	geometry	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	10	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	9	11	polynomial	polynomial	ADJ
1831cj84f09	9	12	optimization	optimization	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	13	,	,	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	9	14	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	9	15	computation	computation	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	16	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	9	17	this	this	DET
1831cj84f09	9	18	quantity	quantity	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	19	in	in	ADP
1831cj84f09	9	20	a	a	DET
1831cj84f09	9	21	class	class	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	22	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	9	23	nonnegative	nonnegative	ADJ
1831cj84f09	9	24	systems	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	25	with	with	ADP
1831cj84f09	9	26	kinetic	kinetic	ADJ
1831cj84f09	9	27	realizations	realization	NOUN
1831cj84f09	9	28	can	can	AUX
1831cj84f09	9	29	be	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	9	30	simplified	simplify	VERB
1831cj84f09	9	31	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	10	1	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	10	2	second	second	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	3	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	4	shift	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	5	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	6	will	will	AUX
1831cj84f09	10	7	be	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	10	8	referred	refer	VERB
1831cj84f09	10	9	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	10	as	as	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	11	noise	noise	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	12	-	-	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	10	13	induced	induce	VERB
1831cj84f09	10	14	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	15	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	16	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	10	17	it	it	PRON
1831cj84f09	10	18	occurs	occur	VERB
1831cj84f09	10	19	because	because	SCONJ
1831cj84f09	10	20	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	10	21	underlying	underlie	VERB
1831cj84f09	10	22	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	23	has	have	VERB
1831cj84f09	10	24	multiple	multiple	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	25	stable	stable	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	26	equilibria	equilibria	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	27	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	10	28	external	external	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	29	stochastic	stochastic	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	30	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	31	drive	drive	VERB
1831cj84f09	10	32	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	10	33	system	system	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	34	's	's	PART
1831cj84f09	10	35	state	state	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	36	from	from	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	37	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	10	38	region	region	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	39	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	40	attraction	attraction	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	41	(	(	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	10	42	roa	roa	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	43	)	)	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	10	44	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	45	one	one	NUM
1831cj84f09	10	46	stable	stable	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	47	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	48	to	to	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	49	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	10	50	roa	roa	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	51	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	10	52	an	an	DET
1831cj84f09	10	53	alternative	alternative	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	54	stable	stable	ADJ
1831cj84f09	10	55	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
1831cj84f09	10	56	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	11	1	we	we	PRON
1831cj84f09	11	2	use	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	11	3	probabilistic	probabilistic	ADJ
1831cj84f09	11	4	quantities	quantity	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	5	called	call	VERB
1831cj84f09	11	6	mean	mean	ADJ
1831cj84f09	11	7	first	first	ADJ
1831cj84f09	11	8	passage	passage	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	9	times	time	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	10	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	11	11	safety	safety	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	12	probability	probability	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	13	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	11	14	characterize	characterize	VERB
1831cj84f09	11	15	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	11	16	expected	expect	VERB
1831cj84f09	11	17	time	time	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	18	and	and	CCONJ
1831cj84f09	11	19	the	the	DET
1831cj84f09	11	20	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	21	for	for	ADP
1831cj84f09	11	22	this	this	DET
1831cj84f09	11	23	type	type	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	24	of	of	ADP
1831cj84f09	11	25	regime	regime	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	26	shifts	shift	NOUN
1831cj84f09	11	27	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	11	28	occur	occur	VERB
1831cj84f09	11	29	.	.	PUNCT
1831cj84f09	12	1	we	we	PRON
1831cj84f09	12	2	also	also	ADV
1831cj84f09	12	3	formulate	formulate	VERB
1831cj84f09	12	4	polynomial	polynomial	ADJ
1831cj84f09	12	5	optimization	optimization	NOUN
1831cj84f09	12	6	problems	problem	NOUN
1831cj84f09	12	7	that	that	PRON
1831cj84f09	12	8	can	can	AUX
1831cj84f09	12	9	be	be	AUX
1831cj84f09	12	10	used	use	VERB
1831cj84f09	12	11	to	to	PART
1831cj84f09	12	12	compute	compute	VERB
1831cj84f09	12	13	upper	upper	ADJ
1831cj84f09	12	14	bounds	bound	NOUN
1831cj84f09	12	15	for	for	ADP
1831cj84f09	12	16	these	these	DET
1831cj84f09	12	17	quantities	quantity	NOUN
1831cj84f09	12	18	.	.	PUNCT