id author title date pages extension mime words sentence flesch summary cache txt zc77sn02x7n Christopher Ryan Rodriguez Hail to the Chief: Presidents as Goal-Seeking Actors in the Nineteenth Century 2007 .txt text/plain 342 10 19 The case studies show how pre-modern executives exploited the dynamics of American party politics by using strategic tools for policy action. Researchers for the most part have incorrectly applied modern theories to the pre-modern presidency, devising inaccurate empirical indicators for presidential activity in the nineteenth century. cache/zc77sn02x7n.txt txt/zc77sn02x7n.txt