� Column Diktuon: Bibliographic Managers by Andrew Keck P roper citations have long been a hallmark of academic writing. They ascribe proper credit to others as well as allowing the reader to further explore the topic. Direct quotations are documented, ideas are credited, and allusions are made explicit through the use of in-text citations, endnotes, footnotes, and bibliographies. While citations often share common purposes, they can be expressed in thousands of different styles with variations in abbreviation, conventions, and syntax. EndNote, one of the more popular bibliographic management tools, has over three thousand different output styles. Many of these styles are specific to a single journal or publication and are subtle variations of popular variations of popular styles such as APA, MLA, CBE, and The Chicago Manual of Style. A bibliographic manager seeks to do three things: to allow researchers to collect citations, to manage and search their citations, and to plug them into their papers using the correct style. Software SolutionS EndNote, ProCite, and Reference Manager are software-based solutions which can be licensed and installed on individual computers. The advantages of these software-based managers include the ability to use off-line, added functionality to customize styles and other features, and the lack of any arbitrary limitations in the number of records or size of attachments. EndNote, ProCite, and Reference Manager are all part of the Thomson Reuters corporate family through a series of corporate acquisitions in the last 10-15 years. Each has its own dedicated user- base but Endnote tends to be more common in religion and broader humanities disciplines. web-baSeD SolutionS RefWorks and EndNoteWeb are web-based products which can be used on any computer connected to the Internet. Users typically login to a website to collect and manage their citations but continue to use a plug-in to Microsoft Word that allows the proper formatting of citations within the word processor. EndNoteWeb has some integration with both the ISI Web of Science and with regular EndNote software. RefWorks was developed by Cambridge Scientific Abstracts but is now part of ProQuest Corporation. One notable feature of RefWorks is its ability to share or collaboratively build a database of citations. RefWorks is available through individual and institutional subscribers while EndNoteWeb is available only through institutional subscription. other SolutionS Zotero also provides functionality for collecting, managing, and using citations that integrates into a popular web browser as a Mozilla Firefox extension. Similar to the other software solutions, this product is currently limited to use on a particular computer. With Zotero, a user can transfer citations, or even their entire library from one computer to another. A forthcoming version is expected to support synchronization between individual computers through a central Zotero server. Other advantages of Zotero include its price (free!) and integration with other free or open-source projects such as OpenOffice, NeoOffice, and COinS. Andrew Keck, Section Editor for Columns, is Associate Director of Duke Divinity School Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. � ThEOLOgICAL LIBRARIAnShIP An Online Journal of the American Theological Library Association Volume 1, number 2 • December 2008 the future of bibliographic ManageMent Almost all of the current bibliographic solutions provide some facility for storing full-text content (typically PDFs of journal articles). Recent advances include ways of automatically finding full-text content, making that content searchable, and providing more ways to organize and find information in a growing database. new web-based services like LibraryThing, CiteULike, and Connotea are providing new ways to connect users reading and citing similar books, articles, and papers. In the future, we may expect to see a blurring and merging of these web-based services with traditional bibliographic managers.