A. M. DNct Ay cl j Joie-pl^ ~J. f \ i s r x e r i ATTOCSiücKO«> A Ì 3 I A BRIEF INTRODUCTION T O THE DIVINE OFFICE B Y REV. JOSEPH J. A Y D , S.J. W O O D S T O C K C O L L E G E W O O D S T O C K , M D . N E W Y O R K THE DEVIN-ADAIR COMPANY 3mprimi fiotesit ANTHONY J . MAAS, S . J . . Praep. Prov. Marylandiae Neo-Eboracensis J^ifnl <0bsitat ARTHUR J . SCANLAN S . T . D . Censor Librorum imprimatur >J< JOHN CARDINAL FARLEY, D . D . Archbishop of New York COPYRIGHT ,^1918, BY T H E DEVIN-ADAIR COMPANY Deadened T h e Divine Office and the Roman Breviary INTRODUCTION " D i v i n u m Officium imitatio est coelestis c o n c e n t u s . " St. B o n a v e n t u r e . J u s t as the M a s s is the one great sacrifice of the C h u r c h , so is t h e D i v i n e Office her one g r e a t public p r a y e r . Whert\the cleric or priest recites it, he is n o t hon- oring God merely in his own name: he is, t h o u g h alone and p r a y i n g silently, the representative and spokesman of all the f a i t h f u l on earth. " T h e D i v i n e O f f i c e , " writes F a t h e r A . B . O ' N e i l l , " i s the p r a y e r of the C h u r c h , a n d t h e priest, w i t h B r e v i a r y i n h a n d , is t h e C h u r c h ' s ambassador, dowered w i t h her credentials a n d charged w i t h t h e mission of proffering t o G o d the homage of her worship a n d her g r a t i t u d e . " T h e " B r e v i a r i u m R o m a n u m " contains this Divine- Office, which all priests a n d all clerics in sacred orders are obliged t o recite d a i l y . T h e word " B r e v i a - r i u m " (abridgment) indicates t h a t the c o n t e n t s are a k i n d of epitome. A b o u t t h e n t h c e n t u r y a n official and considerable shortening w a s made in the Office t h a t had been recited u p t o t h a t time, and the Office-book b r o u g h t into use t h e n w a s called a " B r e v i a r i u m . " T h e earliest M S . containing the entire canonical Office i s of the y e a r 1099, a n d is preserved in t h e M a z a r i n l i b r a r y . T h e B r e v i a r y is d i v i d e d , f o r convenience, i n t o f o u r volumes, corresponding t o each season of the y e a r : P a r s Hiemalis, P a r s V e r n a , P a r s A e s t i v a , Pars A u t u m - nalis. In the introduction t o the P a r s H i e m a l i s will be found, besides the usual m a t t e r , the " D i v i n o A f f i a t u " of P i u s X , which w e n t into effect Jan. 1st, 1913» a n d the collection of g e n e r a l rubrics governing t h e r e c i t a t i o n of the Office. T h e Apostolic C o n s t i t u t i o n " D i v i n o A f f i a t u " introduced a m o m e n t o u s change i n the Office, for i t set aside a distribution of the Psalms, respected in t h e Office f o r more t h a n a t h o u s a n d years. I t h a d a twofold purpose: 1 s t , t o bring a b o u t t h e recitation of the entire Psalter (150 Pss.) within the week, a n d t o so arrange t h e p a r t s of the Office as po lighten t h e burden of s a y i n g i t ; 2nd, t o restore t h e seasons of the Ecclesiastical Y e a r t o their proper place of honor, w i t h o u t , h o w e v e r , d e p r i v i n g t h e S a i n t s of the honor due them. W h e n recited privately, i. e., outside of choir, the order r e l a t i v e t o t h e different H o u r s is n o t obligatory, t h o u g h it is of s t r i c t obligation t o recite the whole Office, f r o m M a t i n s t o Complin, before midnight. N o ceremonies are o b l i g a t o r y in p r i v a t e recitation, t h o u g h t h e y a r e " l a u d a b i l i t e r " observed, w h e n convenient. M a t u t i n u m e t L a u d e s a n t e Missam recitari debent, secundum rubricam (I, i). A t t a m e n h a e c obligatio n e s u b l e v i quidem est, si honesta causa subsit, u t esset m a j o r devotio. Pronuntiatio d e b e t esse vocalis, sed n o n est necesse, u t recitans s e a u d i a t . R e c i t a n d a e praeterea s u n t Horae " d i g n e , attente ac d e v o t e , sed sufficit, secundum L a y m a n , Croix, Noldin. O j e t t i , aliosque, a t t e n t i o e x t e r n a . U t quis satisfaciat, H o r a e recitari possunt quocumque in loco e t quocumque situ. R u b r i c a e v e r o q u a e stare, genuflectere, etc., j u b e n t , ad chorum pertinent. D ' A n n I I I , 150. E a c h v o l u m e of the Breviary is divided i n t o : L T h e O r d i n a r i u m : containing p r a y e r s t o be said before and a f t e r the reci- t a t i o n of the Office; p a r t i c u l a r rubrics; A b s o l u t i o n s a n d Blessings f o r the Lessons in M a t i n s ; B e n e d i c t u s ; M a g n i f i c a t ; N u n c dimittis; Preces; ferial C h a p t e r s ; etc. I I . T h e P s a l t e r i u m : c o n t a i n i n g t h e common p a r t s of t h e Office f o r S u n d a y a n d t h e d a y s of the week. F r o m it e v e r y Office t a k e s something. T h e large Breviaries reprint ferial a n d dominical C h a p t e r s in the Psalter. H I . T h e Proprium d e T e m p o r e : c o n t a i n i n g the " S c r i p t u r a O c c u r r e n s " (Script. O c c . ) , i. e. selections f r o m Sacred Scripture arranged according t o the S u n d a y s a n d ferias of the Ecclesiastical Y e a r ; p a r t s proper t o the Ecclesiastical seasons; also A n t i p h o n s , P r a y e r s proper t o each Sun- d a y , a n d hence P r a y e r proper t o ferias, e t c . — c f . each v o l u m e of the B r e v i a r y . I V . T h e Proprium S a n c t o r u m : containing p a r t s of Office proper t o the fixed F e a s t s of the Blessed V i r g i n , the Saints, a n d a f e w of our L o r d . V . T h e C o m m u n e S a n c t o r u m : c o n t a i n i n g or indicating p a r t s of Office n o t f o u n d in the P r o p r i u m Sanctorum. T h e n follow the " C o m m u n e Dedicationis E c c l e s i a e , " " C o m m u n e F e s t o r u m B . M . V . , " " O f f i c i u m S. M a r i a e V i r g i n i s in S a b b a t o , " etc. V I . T h e Proprium of R e l i g i o u s O r d e r s , Congregations, D i o c e s e s ; which should be consulted for a n y Office peculiar t o t h e m . Offices m a y b e d i v i d e d i n t o : ( A ) : Offic. p r o p . , — d u p l . i a e e t 2ae classis, dupl. m a j . , semidupl. ( B ) : Offic. u t in P s a l t . e t prop, l o c o , — d u p l . m a j . , dupl., semidupl. S u n d a y : D o m . , de ea, in the Ordo. F e r i a l : ide ea, de eo; o n l y i N o c t . in M a t . (9 A n t t . , 9 Pss. a n d 3 Lessons). S i m p l e : simpl. ( B ) ; o n l y 1 N o c t . in M a t . (9 A n t t . , 9 Pss. and 3 Lessons). N o and Vesp. G e n e r a l directions f o r reciting the O f f i c e : 1) O p e n Ordo a t d a t e a n d see the nature of the Office of the d a y — i t is indi- cated a f t e r the l e t t e r assigning the color of v e s t m e n t s . T h e n look first a t the Proper of the Office in the B r e v i a r y ; w h a t is n o t g i v e n there will be found in the C o m m o n , Psalter a n d O r d i n a r y . — I n using the s c h e m a opposite, simply rim the eye down the column in w h i c h the Office of t h e d a y is classified and t a k e the part f r o m the section of the B r e v i a r y therein indicated. 2) W h e n directed elsewhere in the B r e v i a r y , read that part only y o u were directed there t o t a k e . I n the S c h e m a : F e a s t means: t a k e p a r t f r o m t h e P r o p e r or the C o m m o n of the Office. P . de T . means: t a k e p a r t f r o m the Proper d e T e m p o r e . C f . I l l a b o v e . Psalt. (S) m e a n s j t a k e p a r t f r o m S u n d a y in the Psalter. P s a l t . ¿ ^ M P i ^ B B U l a r t f r o m current feria in the Psalter. Pr- S u n d S ^ ^ i e a n s : t a k e - p r a y e r , unless proper, f r o m preceding S u n d a y in the P . de T . T h e Ordo will a l w a y s indicate when the S u f f r a g i u m a n d P r e c e s are t o be said. T h e O r d o will a l w a y s note a n y exceptions t o the Schema. i s v ' - (A) (B) S U N D A Y F E R I A L S I M P L E M A T I N S A p e r i , D o m i n e . t etc O r d i n a r y Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary O r d i n a r y P a t e r , A v e , Credo, etc " " • * I n v i t a t o r i u m (twice) F e a s t F e a s t P s a l t . (S) Psalt. f . c. F e a s t V e n i t e (altera, w i t h I n v . ) . . . . Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary O r d i n a r y Ordinary H y m n F e a s t F e a s t P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. F e a s t i s t Nocturn 9 A n t t . and 9 Pss. f A n t i p h o n (part or e n t i r e ) . . F e a s t P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . f . e. I P s a l m , Gloria, A n t . (entire) u u " « " * a « Vers., R e s p . , P a t e r (no A m e n ) u u u « « " « Absolution Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary O r d i n a r y Ordinary [ Jube, Domine, etc., Bene- 1 diction * " » J Lesson, T u autem F e a s t Script. Occ. Script. Occ. Script. Occ. Script. O c c . (Responsorium u a u a « | " " 2nd Nocturn (3 Lessons) (2 Lessons: ( A n t i p h o n (part pr e n t i r e ) . . F e a s t P s a l t . f. c. P s a l t . (S) 3rd f r o m 1 Psalm, Gloria, A n t . (entire) " « M « « F e a s t , Vers., etc., as in i s t N o c t . . . . a u u - " T e D e u m ) Lessons, etc., as in i s t N o c t . . . F e a s t P . de T . 3rd Nocturn ( A n t i p h o n (part or entire). . F e a s t P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . (S) ^ I Psalm, Gloria, A n t . (entire) a u " « Vers., etc., as in i s t N o c t . . . . a " " « " Lessons, etc., as in i s t N o c t . . « F e a s t P . de T . T e D e u m (after last L e s s o n ) . . Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary (If y o u stop here, cf. R u b r i c ) L A U D S P a t e r , A v e (unless M a t . pre- cedes) D e u s f in a d j u t o r i u m , e t c . . . . . | A n t i p h o n (part or entire). . F e a s t P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . f . c . 5 i Psalm, Gloria P s a l t . (S) « « " « a „ « « 1 A n t i p h o n (entire) F e a s t « « a » u « C h a p t e r , D . G . , H y m n , V e r s . and R e s p u F e a s t « « « . . F e a s t A n t i p h o n (part or entire) " P . de T . P . de T . « Benedictus, Gloria Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary A n t i p h o n (entire) F e a s t F e a s t P . de T . P . de T . F e a s t Preces (if Prec. fer. in Ordo) Ordinary D o m . V o b . , Oremus: P r a y e r . . F e a s t F e a s t P . de T . P r . S u n d a y F e a s t C o m m e m o r a t i o n (if a n y ) . . cf. date cf. d a t e c f . d a t e c f . d a t e c f . d a t e Suffragium (if Suffr. in Ordo) O r d i n a r y Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary D o m . Vob., B e n . D o m . , e t c . .| Ordinary A n t . finalis B . M . V . (cf. R u b r i c ) Ordinary • • 'Je m Special V ^Cotections f i a t . jfy s^fefnh \ S > y / (A) (B) S U N D A Y F E R I A L S I M P L E P R I M E P a t e r , A v e , C r e d o , e t c . (al- w a y s ) H y m n P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . f . c . A n t i p h o n (part only) Feast (Lds.) a a u u a a 3 Pss. (4, if Sch. I I used in Lds.) P s a l t . (S) a u a u " " " « A n t i p h o n (entire) F e a s t (Lds.) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . f . c. C h a p t e r ,D.G., R e s p . b r e v . , etc. R e g . Saec. R e g . Saec. R e g . Saec. P a c e m R e g . Saec. Preces (if Prec. fer. or Prec. in Ordo) Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary O r d i n a r y Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary O r d i n a r y D o m . v o b . , Oremus: D o m i n e D e u s Ordinary " • " " D o m . v o b . , Pretiosa, etc u 9 f u u D e u s in a d j u t . (3, no blessing) " a " * Gloria, K y r i e , P a t e r u a a f R e s p i c e . e t c . , Oremus: Dirigere " " Jube D o m . etc.. D i e s e t a c t u s a a f L e c t i o b r e v i s F e a s t (N.) F e a s t (N.) » « F e a s t (N.) T u autem D o m i n e , etc Ordinary Ordinary « Ordinary A d jiit. nost. etc., B e n e d i c i t e . . u u D o m . nos b e n e d i c a t f . * a « f (Pater a n d A m e n , if y o u s t o p here) L I T T L E H O U R S P a t e r , A v e , etc. (always) H y m n P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . f . c. Psalt. f . c . A n t i p h o n (part only) F e a s t (Lds.) « a « « " » 3 Psalms, Gloria P s a l t . (S) " " • " 0 u * ' A n t i p h o n (entire) . F e a s t (Lds.) a « •u „ a « » C h a p t e r , D . G . , R e s p . b r e v . , etc. u F e a s t " " F e a s t D o m . v o b . , Oremus: P r a y e r . . D o m . v o b . , etc ( P a t e r and A m e n , if y o u stop here) F e a s t F e a s t P . de T . P r . S u n d a y F e a s t NJB. I n (A), antiphons for Prime a n d L i t t l e H o u r s (Terce, S e x t , Nones) are antiphons i , 2, 3 and 5 respectively of L a u d s of the F e a s t . F o r P s a l m s t o be said in Prime, c f . R u b r i c . T h e Ordo a l w a y s indi- cates when 4 Psalms are t o be said. T h i s is a l w a y s the case when Sch. I I of Pss. is used in L a u d s . I n P r i m e , the L e c t i o brevip f o r (A), (B() and Simple is the C h a p t e r of Nones in t h e Proper or t h e C o m m o n pf t h e Office. I n P r i m e , the Verse in the R e s p . b r e v . m u s t be changed during certain seasons of the y e a r . T h e R u b r i c a n d asterisk * in t h e Ordo indicate when. • \ ' ' • • P r i m e , L i t t l e Hours a n d Complin h a v e H y m n " e j u s d e m m e t r i " — • hence the doxology (last stanza) is changed when Ordo indicates. V E S P E R S ( l s t or 2nd) P a t e r , A v e , etc. ( a l w a y s ) . . . . . ( A n t i p h o n (part or e n t i r e ) . . S j Psalm, Gloria [ A n t i p h o n , entire C h a p t e t , D . G H y m n , Vers, and R e s p A n t i p h o n (part or entire) M a g n i f i c a t f A n t i p h o n (entire) Preces (if P r e c . f e r . in O r d o ) . . . ; D o m . v o b . , Oremus: P r a y e r . . Commemoration (if a n y ) Suffragium (if Suffr. in Ordo) D o m . v o b . , e t c . ( P a t e r a n d A m e n , if y o u stop here) C O M P L I N Jube, D o m i n e , etc., N o c t e m etc., etc A n t i p h o n (part o n l y ) 3 Pss., A n t i p h o n (entire) H y m n , C h a p t e r , D . G . , R e s p . b r S a l v a nos N u n c d i m i t t i s . f G l o r i a . . . S a l v a nos (entire) Preces (if Prec. in O r d o ) . . . D o m . v o b . , e t c . , Oremus: V i s i t a D o m . v o b . , B e n . D o m . , D . G . B e n e d i c a t f e t c u s t o d i a t . . . . . . A n t . finalis B . M . V P a t e r , A v e , Credo Sacrosanctae, etc., P a t e r , A v e (A) F e a s t O r d i n a r y F e a s t F e a s t cf. d a t e Ordinary P s a l t . (S) P s a l t . (S) Ordinary (B) P s a l t . f . c. a a F e a s t O r d i n a r y F e a s t F e a s t cf. d a t e Ordinary Ordinary P s a l t . f . c. Ordinary SUTTDAY F E R I A L P s a l t . (S) P . de T . Ordinary P . de T . P . de T . cf. d a t e Ordinary Ordinary P s a l t . (S) Ordinary P s a l t . f . c. P . de T . Ordinary P . de T . O r d i n a r y P r . S u n d a y cf. d a t e Ordinary Ordinary P s a l t . f . c. Ordinary N-ii I h e Ordo will a l w a y s indicate which Vespers t o s a y in case of con- currence. Consult the notes following. T h e r e is b u t a single S u f f r a g i u m in Vespers, a n d is t h e same as t h a t in L a u d s . D u r i n g the Paschal season t h i s is r e p l a c e d . b y the C o m m e m o r a t i o de Cruce. Complin a l w a y s ends as a b o v e , e v e n when M a t i n s immediately follow. T h e Antiphona finalis varies w i t h the season. W h e n the S a c r o s a n c t a e , P a t e r and A v e are recited, k n e e l i n g , a f t e r the Office, pardon is obtained for the f a u l t s c o m m i t t e d during the recitation. F o r the Officium S t a e . M a r i a e Virginis in S a b b a t o — c f . the B r e v i a r y a f t e r the C o m m o n of the Blessed V i r g i n . SUMMARY ( A ) ! Offic. p r o p . : M a t i n s : e v e r y t h i n g f r o m t h e . F e a s t L a u d s : e v e r y t h i n g except th'e P s a l m s f r o m the F e a s t P s a l m s f r o m S u n d a y in t h e . P s a l t e r (S) P r i m e : A n t i p h o n a n d L e c t i o b r e v i s f r o m the F e a s t H y m n , Psalms, etc., f r o m O r d i n a r y a n d t h e P s a l t e r ( S ) Little H o u r s : A n t . , C h a p t e r , V e r s , a n d R e s p . , P r a y e r F e a s t H y m n , P s a l m s P s a l t e r (S) V e s p e r s : e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t M a g n i f i c a t f r o m t h e . F e a s t C o m p l i n : e v e r y t h i n g f r o m S u n d a y in the P s a l t e r ( S ) ( B ) : Offic. u t in P s a l t . e t prop, loco: M a t i n s : I n v i t a t o r y a n d H y m n , Lessons of 2nd a n d 3rd N o c t . f r o m F e a s t A n t i p h o n s , Psalms, Vers, a n d R e s p P s a l t e r f . Lesson of 1st N o c t u r n Script. O c c L a u d s : A n t i p h o n s a n d Psalms f r o m t h e P s a l t e r f . c C h a p t e r , H y m n , A n t . ad B e n . , P r a y e r f r o m the. F e a s t P r i m e : e v e r y t h i n g except L e c t i o b r e v i s f r o m the . . P s a l t e r f . L e c t i o b r e v i s is the Chapiter of Nones of t h e F e a s t Little H o u r s : H y m n s , A n t i p h o n s , P s a l m s f r o m t h e P s a l t e r f . C h a p t e r , V e r s , a n d R e s p . , P r a y e r f r o m the F e a s t V e s p e r s : A n t i p h o n s a n d Psalms f r o m the P s a l t e r f . C h a p t e r , H y m n , A n t . ad M a g . , P r a y e r f r o m t h e F e a s t C o m p l i n : e v e r y t h i n g f r o m the Ordinary a n d the P s a l t e r f . Sunday Office: de ea, Dom.: D i f f e r s f r o m (B) semiduplex only in: M a t i n s : the 9 Lessons, a n d R e s p . f o r the 3 N o c t . f r o m the P r a y e r , A n t . ad B e n . a n d M a g . f r o m t h e E v e r y t h i n g else f r o m the O r d i n a r y and the F e r i a l Office.* de ea, de eo (Sabb.): D i f f e r s f r o m (B) semiduplex o n l y in: M a t i n s ; only 1 N o c t . (9 A n t t . a n d 9 Pss. a n d then tne 3 Lessons) P r a y e r , unless proper, f r o m the preceding S u n d a y in t h e P . d e T . E v e r y t h i n g else, including Preces, f r o m t h e Ordinary a n d t h e . . P s a l t e r f . T h e C h a p t e r for P r i m e is " P a c e m " in Ordinary or the P s a l t e r f . S i m p l e O f f i c e : simpl. (B) or simpl. in O r d o : D i f f e r s from (B) semiduplex o n l y in: M a t i n s : o n l y 1 N o c t . (9 A n t t . and 9 Pss. w i t h o u t interruption) Lessons 1 and 2 f r o m t h e Script. O c c 3rd Lesson f r o m the Feas* N o 2nd V e s p e r s . . . . . P . d e T . . . . P . d e T . . . . . P s a l t e r (S) A FEW NOTES 1 ) Commemorations are made in L a u d s , and i s t and 2nd V e s p e r s . T h e following m u s t be said in the order g i v e n : L a u d s : A n t i p h o n (entire) ad B e n e d i c t u s of the Office c o m m e m o r a t e d ; Verse a n d Response immediately preceding this A n t i p h o n ; Oremus: t h e n p r a y e r of the Office commemorated. V e s p e r s : A n t i p h o n (entire) ad M a g n i f i c a t or the Office commemorated; Verse and Response immediately preceding t h i s A n t i p h o n ; Oremus: then p r a y e r of the Office commemorated. A kind of Commemoration is also m a d e m M a t i n s , b y replacing the regular 9th lesson b y a special one. Indicated t h u s in the Ordo: L e c t . 9 de h o m . f e r . : i s t lesson of the current feria f r o m the P . de T . L e c t . 9 d e hom. v i g i l . : 1st lesson of .the vigil, containing the Gospel and h o m i l y . Lect. 9 d e hom. D o m . : 7th lesson of the Office of S u n d a y in the P . de T . L e c t . 9 de S . (name) : the S a i n t ' s history compressed into a single lesson. 2) M o s t O f f i c e s h a v e two V e s p e r s , one a t the beginning called i s t V e s p e r s , t h e other a t the end called 2nd V e s p e r s . O n l y one V e s p e r s is said each d a y . i s t V e s p e r s ( " V e s p . de s e q . " ) , if said, are a l w a y s said on preceding d a y ; 2nd V e s p e r s ( " V e s p . " or " A d V e s p . " ) , if said, are a l w a y s said on t h e day itself. I n case of Concurrence: a) One of the Vesp. is said entire, the other entirely o m i t t e d ; or b) One of the V e s p . is said entire, the other commemorated, indicated in O r d o : a) V e s p . d e seq. com. praec. : 1st V e s p . of the .day following, using, h o w e v e r , t o - d a y ' s A n t t . and Pss. except in (A), a n d commemorating t o - d a y ' s 2nd V e s p . 0) Ad or I n V e s p . com. s e q . : recite t o - d a y ' s 2nd V e s p . , m a k i n g merely a commemoration f r o m to-morrow's 1st V e s p . ; or c) T h e t w o Offices m a y each share equally in the Vesp., indicated t h u s : V e s p . a cap. d e seq. com. p r a e c . : recite t o - d a y ' s 2nd V e s p . as f a r as t h e end of t h e Pss., t h e n to-morrow's 1st V e s p . f r o m the C h a p t e r t o t h e end of the Office, commemorating t o - d a y ' s 2nd V e s p . 3) T h e abbreviations used in the Ordo are explained in its introduction. A n Office merely commemorated is said t o be simplified, since simples are regu- larly only commemorated. 4) I n d o u b l e s a n d higher Offices, the antiphons are said entire b e f o r e and a f t e r the Psalms in Matins, L a u d s and Vespers. In s e m i d o u b l e s and lower, the Antiphons are said entire only a f t e r the Psalms. T h e "Çrloria P a t r i , " etc. is said a f t e r e v e r y Psalm, unless a R u b r i c forbids. " T u a û t e m D o m i n e , m i s e r e r e nobis. D e o G r a t i a s , " a f t e r all Lessons. 5) F o r f u r t h e r information regarding the D i v i n e Office, cf.: A History of the R o m a n B r e v i a r y (3rd e d . ) — B y M g r . P . Battifol. T h e N e w Psalter a n d I t s U s e — B y R e v . E . B u r t o n and R e v . E . M y e r s . , Notes on the N e w R u b r i c s — B y R e v . A . J. Hetherington.