The Catholic school in American life James McNamara . THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE , *>n The Catholic School In . ' f American Life Four addresses delivered in the nationwide Catholic Hour, produced by the National Council cf Catholic Men, in cooperation with the National Broadcasting. Company, from November 3, 1946 through November 24, 1946. by RT. REV. MSCR. T. JAMES McNAMARA Superintendent of Schools in the Diocese of Savannah-Atlanta NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CATHOLIC MEN 1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington 5, D.C. Printed and distributed by Our Sunday Visitor Huntington, Indiana Nihil Obstat: REV. T. E. DILLON Censor Librorum Imprimatur: f* JOHN FRANCIS NOLL, D.D. Bishop of Fort Wayne Dsscfdfffscf TABLE OF CONTENTS Courage Or Crucifixion 1 7 Courage—A Civics Text 13 America’s Triple Arsenal For The Preservation of Human Values — The Home, The Church, The School :. America’s Ideal: Not War But Peace 20 27 COURAGE OR CRUCIFIXION Address given on It was in the first year of the ministry of Jesus Christ. The Master had already declared Himself, when in driving the hucksters from the Temple, He had dramatized His utter con- tempt of those who would use re- ligion to achieve illicit and un- just gains. The Sanhedrin, the Supreme Council of. the Jews, had on a former occasion sent an embassy to John the Baptist which had enabled the Precursor to declare himself and at the same time to bring into bold re- lief the greatness of Jesus. “He it is who is to come after me, who has been set above me, the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to loose” (John 1: 27). Now there comes to Him one from the Sanhedrin, Nicodemus, a rich man who was influential in Jerusalem not only by reason of his wealth of worldly posses- sions but also because of his high order of intelligence and his distinction of noble rank. Witness to the wondrous deeds done in Jerusalem by Jesus, Nicodemus had decided his belief in Christ. Deep, deep down in his heart there was the November 3, 1946 conviction , but yet as the his- torian narrates, “This man came to Jesus by night, and said to Him: Rabbi, we know that thou art come a teacher from God; for no man can do these signs which thou dost, unless God be with him” (John 3: 2). As Nicodemus was taking his leave of Jesus the dawn was lighting up the Eastern sky. Through the night position and conviction had struggled for su- premacy in this man’s soul. Jesus made one last exhortation to strengthen this vacillating man. “Thou art a teacher in Israel and dost not know these things? Amen, amen, I say to thee we speak of what we know and we bear witness to what we have seen; and our witness you do not receive. If I have spoken of earthly things to you, and you do not believe, how will you be- lieve if I speak to you of heaven- ly things?” (John 3: 10-12). And behold, the Saviour con- cluded, the cause of judgment! “The light has come into the world, yet men have loved the darkness rather than the light, for their works were evil. For 8 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE everyone who does evil hates the light, and does not come to the light that his deeds may not be exposed. But he who does the truth comes to the light that his deeds may be made manifest, for they have been performed in God” (John 3: 19-21). Nico- demus stole away not only from the presence of Jesus but tried likewise to steal away from the insistent promptings within his mind and heart. It would seem that something in the nature of a parallel could be observed between the history of Nicodemus and the history of our Country in which values that were so clearly stated at its founding have been progressive- ly lost sight of with the passing of the years. Let our prayer be that we will not have to suffer crucifixion in order to declare our conviction as a Nation. As our Country seeks to bind up the wounds of a stricken world and seeks likewise to establish this wounded world on the secure props of true democracy, it be- comes increasingly evident that she suffers from not having formulated her basic premises into a philosophy of government. When our representatives sit in conference with delegates of foreign powers and work with them to establish a new world order out of which will come the promise of a peace nostalgically longed for by men everywhere, they are at a disadvantage. Foreign representatives possess a political philosophy different from our own and they know well the ends they seek, the means to achieve those ends and more important the “why” of these ends and means. Theirs is a philosophy in action. It is true that we can speak emotionally in terms of Demo- cracy, Liberty and Freedom but we find these terms flung back at us with entirely different connotations. I do not doubt the sincerity of those who use these terms differencly. In their scheme of living words have taken on a new meaning and old values, rooted in absolute truth, have become obscure because the substance that gives them . meaning and vitality has been watered down until they remain but emotional catch-phrases emptied of the persuasive force of truth. “We hold these truths to be self-evident,” so believed and so stated the founding Fathers of our country, self-evident, ad- mitting of no contradiction, carrying within themselves the COURAGE OR CRUCIFIXION 9 force of persuasiveness. Those with whom our country must build if there is to be One World and peace in that world, even though they use our terminology by way of comment on this most fundamental declaration of our country's profession, in effect say “so what," to use a collo- quialism. It is tragic but it is true that their casual and sear- ing retort finds a re-echoing re- response in many quarters throughout our land. Thank God this re-echoing re- sponse does not come from the minds and the hearts of the school children of America. These minds and these hearts, untouched by the pragmatism of a callous world, still cling at least emotionally to the princi- ples which have made our coun- try the highest exemplar of human liberty among the na- tions of the world. When I say the school children of America I do not speak simply of those of tender years but I refer as well to those young people who are fast approaching the end of their formal academic training but whose maturing years have not blighted the vision of youth. I recall, if I may speak per- sonally, a meeting which I at- tended on the campus of a Teachers' College in our South- land. The meeting was called by a religious organization which enjoyed the prestige of faculty recognition, and in attendance by invitation were faculty and stu- dent representatives interested in the spiritual welfare of the student body. Likewise in at- tendance were the ministers of the city in which the college was located and the speaker, a Cath- olic priest. The student body numbering some sixteen hun- dred represented a good cross- section of the state and the col- lege itself was state supported. The students for the most part were members of the major non- Catholic denominations. In addressing the meeting the speaker remarked that the youngster of today is not unlike the youngster of the generations which have gone before him, for he too wants to believe. His heart likewise reaches out in its quest for an explanation of things. He differs from those who have gone before in that he does not accept on the testimony of his elders but wants to know the why and the wherefore of Faith. Emotionally he still clings to the values which give meaning to his way of life but he lacks the training to estab- 10 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE lish these values intellectually. By way of illustration it was pointed out that the youngster of today wants to come to real- ize that Christ Jesus is not only a powerful emotional factor but is, indeed, an historical reality concerning Whom history bears clearer and more irrefutable testimony than it does of any other whose name adorns its pages. As the speaker continued to describe students and youths generally, as he had come to know them from close obser- vation and intimate conver- sation, he was interrupted by a student who exclaimed enthusi- astically: “That is what we want, just as Father has de- scribed. Too many people come out of homes where emotional- ism serves as the basis of Faith. We want reasons for believing.” And reasons there are, so solidly grounded in common sense and so firmly established in correct thinking that the Founding Fathers of America could say of those which were to constitute the fundamentals of the nation's political structure that they are self-evident truths, admitting of no contradiction, convincing by their very nature. Now these reasons, these truths are challenged, challenged as never before in the history of Christian civilization, challenged by a philosophy of negation in action, a philosophy which by its very denials is a complete con- tradiction to all that is implied in the phrase, the American Way, but which uses our termin- ology to confuse us and to achieve its ends. Why does this philosophy suc- ceed in confusing us even as it uses our own terminology? Be- cause we, as a nation, have con- tented ourselves with an emo- tional acceptance of these truths, religious truths mind you, which are the bases of the American Way of Life. We, as a nation, have not been confronted until now with the necessity of ration- alizing these truths. Catholic schools teach the re- ligious principles which inspired our form of government and upon which its survival depends. The graduates of Catholic schools view in the perspective of religion the duties and privi- leges of American citizenship. Their understanding of citi- zenship is by no means alien to the American tradition in edu- cation; even a casual reference to the history of American edu- cation will reveal that the Amer- ican schools which our founding COURAGE OR CRUCIFIXION 11 fathers attended laid great stress upon religious instruction as an ihdispensable element of training for citizenship. Were it not for the hysterical bigotry of the Civil War period, re- ligious instruction would never have been banned from the public schools. Indeed, the uttei secularization of contemporary public education has far outrun the intention of the sincere men who tried to quell sectarian con- tentions by eliminating religion from the public school. Many clergymen and educators are now agreed that the whole ques- tion of the relationship of re- ligion to public education needs to be reexamined in the light of present-day conditions. We can- not trust the future of America to religious illiterates. Despite their fundamental differences, the public schools and private schools conducted by religious denominations are not competing institutions. The private schools are not needless duplications of the public edu- cational facilities, nor are they a divisive force in the commun- ity. On the contrary, the two systems of education, public and private, are partners in American education. The two are related by a common public purpose, the training of the American citizen and by mutual helpful contact which frequently draws together representatives of the two systems in projects for the social betterment of the community. In fact, democracy in Amer- ican education is safeguarded by the continued existence of two systems of education—both ap- proved by the State, both aware of their important public obli- gations, both enjoying full free- dom from control of one by the other. Eliminate the private re- ligious schools, and the result in American education is uniform- ity. In that event, education would become the potential tool of the destructive influence of totalitarian rule, wherein one party, the Government's Party, alone has the right of suffrage; wherein the citizen conforms or suffers liquidation. The observance of American Education Week should prompt the thoughtful citizen, and God knows each citizen should be thoughtful, to evaluate anew in the light of threatened changes in our world's political thinking, the Educational System of to- day. This is imperative because out of this system will come the guardians of tomorrow’s liber- t THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE12 ties and tomorrow’s freedoms. Either we of today stand guard now or tomorrow we may stand atop another Calvary at the foot of another cross. Crucifixion is a threatening and discouraging term but no more threatening and discour- aging than current newspaper headlines. Perhaps crucifixion will prove the crucible out of which will be distilled with greater clarity our Country’s basic political philosophy. Cruci- fixion must inevitably follow un- less the genesis of our Country’s ideals and standards is ration- ally understood by the rank and file of our citizens. Let us ask ourselves again if there can be a parallel between the history of Nicodemus and the history of our own country as she seeks to hold fast to her political convictions. Until now those political convictions have not been formulated into a dis- tinctive philosophy of govern- ment. Because of hostile groups among her citizenry our Coun- try has been fearful of making a forthright declaration of the truths which give meaning to her aspirations. Must we, per- force, as a people, stand at the foot of a cross before we will openly declare our convictions? God spare us crucifixion! COURAGE—A CIVICS TEXT Address given on November 10, 1946 The season of humiliations had indeed passed. Humanity, united with divinity, its head bowed in death on Calvary, finds the earth under the weight of the cross breaking the bonds and loosening the shackles by which men’s souls had been robbed of their vision. Yes, humanity, as the head of Christ droops in death, finds its eyes raised to a recaptured perspective in which life is revealed in its fulness of meaning. Witnessing to the triumph of the cross and to the freedom which had come to men’s souls with the passing of the season of humiliations, . . the earth quaked, and the rocks were rent, and the tombs were opened, and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep arose . . .” (Matthew 27 : 51-53). From the lips of the Roman Centurion came the testimony, the substance of which from generation to generation was to dissipate men’s fears, establish their faith and sustain their hopes. This pagan, as the earth trembled beneath his feet and he heard humanity’s cry come forth from the parched lips of its Savior, exclaimed, “Ay, truly this was a. just man; this was indeed the Son of God.” In the hearts of the soldiers who had stood with their leader “over against Jesus” atop the hill of crucifixion, the testimony of the Centurion was re-echoed. They together, leader and soldiers, in their fears, their faith, and their hopes, gave voice to the heart of all mankind. Recog- nizing that God through Christ’s humanity made expiation -on Calvary’s cross, men’s sights were raised anew to that vision which God in the beginning had established for the children of men. c Ever since, men in their gov- ernments have sought more or less successfully to state as the foundation of their political structure the truths which con- stitute the substance of this vision. It was not, however, until eighteen centuries after Calvary that the highest and most com- plete political declaration of these truths was formulated. With a courage, born of exile from home for conscience’s sake, 14 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE the Founding Fathers of our glorious nation gave to the world in their Declaration of Independence, the classic politi- cal expression of those truths brought from obscurity by the death of the God-Man on Calvary. July 4, 1776, is more than the birthday of a nation; current events dramatize it as the pole star of the race of men strug- gling ever against the destruc- tive forces of slavery. Emanci- pation from the slavery of sin came with crucifixion on Cal- vary. The Blood of the Redeem- er of mankind, flowing into the stream of humanity, re-estab- lished the priceless worth of the human personality. Down through the ages since Calvary, there have come tyrants who would re-enslave men and blot out the individual's personal worth. Always, too, since Cal- vary there have been men, bor- rowing knowledge and strength from Calvary's redemptive force, who, in the words of the Found- ing Fathers, could mutually pledge to each other their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred trust in defense of man's God- given and God-restored freedom. These Founding Fathers acted, as they themselves state, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence. Out of this deep and abiding trust in the Providence of the good God, the representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, July 4, 1776, brought forth a document unique in the political annals of mankind. We, of this modern America, have inherited the priceless legacy of freedom so clearly defined by those to whom our country owes its origin. We, of this modern America, reviewing current events, wonder whether the newspaper headlines are but the passing shadows of a season of humiliations that we perforce must suffer. Will we, before crucifixion, rise to the heights of Calvary and recapture the vision which gives meaning and sub- stance to our boast of freedom and strength to our stand for liberty? In the death on Calvary a new hope and a new courage came into the hearts of men. From the crucible of sufferings on Calvary was distilled a strength which has enabled men to rise above petty ambitions and declare themselves for those principles which give life mean- ing and make it purposeful. Nicodemus, the member of the J COURAGE—A CIVICS TEXT 15 Sanhedrin, who, it seems, only at the hour of crucifixion, cou- rageously declared his faith in the God-Man, has many counter- parts in the world of the present time. Today, we, as a people, are challenged by a political system which is the negation of our own. In effect, we are asked to demonstrate that we genuinely cherish for ourselves and for others the spiritual and intellec- tual freedom of which we boast. We are challenged to show that we are willing to sacrifice to pre- serve them. By implication we are asked to prove that these freedoms, which have made for progress on the part of the race, are still the means whereby men can steadily advance their own development. Must we, as a people, ex- perience crucifixion before we will profess openly the validity of the premises on which our country’s Declaration of Inde- pendence and its Bill of Rights rest? Must we, as a people, have part in crucifixion before, like the Centurion, standing “over against Jesus,” we declare courageously our attachment to “the laws of nature and nature’s God”? Looking back upon the as- sembly of July 4, 1776, we see there the position the citizens of this nation must assume if we are to hasten the passing of the season of humiliations. Look- ing back, we see the position which, once assumed, should save us the horrors of cruci- fixion. Looking back on that historic assembly, out of which came our nation, the United States of America, we see there men of varying shades of re- ligious belief. While not uni- form in the practices of religion, or in the content of dogma, they were united in the acceptance of that central sweeping dogma which gives integrity and soli- darity to the race of mankind and establishes the equality of all before God and governments. They, Protestant, Jew, and Catholic, on that memorable Fourth of July, 1776, “with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence,” jointly and unitedly professed their common faith. One hundred and sixty years have passed since Protestant, Jew, and Catholic, acting to- gether, gave to the world this classic political Declaration of what was written first in the race’s oldest document, the Book 16 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE of Genesis, and later brought out into bold relief on the heights of Calvary. In these one hundred and sixty years, under the impact of economic changes, men have become confused and bewildered while striving for an economy which would reflect the equality politically declared by the Founding Fathers. Seeking the good things of earth, they have lost sight of the self-evi- dent truths which alone can rationalize and support their strivings. Emotionally moti- vated, they have pulled away from the safe and secure moor- ings of reason. This is, indeed, a time of crisis. National unity is threat- ened, and strange as it may seem, the threat is from within, because there are so many in our civic life who get their in- spiration by fixing their eyes on the earth. “In God We Trust” is to them something archaic, something in the nature of a pietistic hangover. If national unity, in defense of American- ism, is to be had, then all en- joying the rights and privileges of American citizenship must rededicate themselves to certain religious truths, as proclaimed by the Founding Fathers, and described by Thomas Jefferson, the Apostle of Americanism, as self-evident. His Holiness, Pope Pius XII, in Sertum Laetitiae, a letter ad- dressed “to the Church in the United States,” reminds us that “we must make possible a salu- tary union of thought and policy between Catholics and other be- lievers in God.” “It is impres- sive,” the Holy Father writes, “that the Spirit of God still dwells in the multitude.” This salutary union of thought and policy, enunciated by the Pope, we Catholics of the United States see reflected in a measure in our country's dual system of education. The Catholic school and the public school are both equipped to train intelligent American citizens; both are ap- proved by the state. Each ex- periences the same concern in the crisis through which our nation is passing as it endeavors to bring the curative power of its political and religious faith to a world that is stricken. Catholic schools in partner- ship with public schools in seek- ing to achieve the American educational objective of better citizenship serve as a ferment to keep active in the life of the nation the self-evident truths of our country's Declaration of COURAGE—A CIVICS TEXT 17 Political Principles. Not in com- petition, but through cooper- ation, the Catholic school with the public school serves the wel- fare of the nation by training its pupils and students for in- telligent participation in the rights and duties of citizenship. In the spirit of the members of the Congress assembled . on July 4, 1776, the Catholic school insists that, education should concern itself, not alone with mere knowledge, but with the inculcation of the causes which give meaning and purpose to the objectives which education sets itself. Because the public school has as yet been unable to formulate a civics text which would escape the charge of sectarianism and thus be acceptable to all, the co- ordinating philosophy, stem- ming from the Declaration of Independence, has not rooted it- self in the curriculum of Amer- ican schools financed by public funds. Until such a text is formulated, the Church school will be the ferment keeping active the cause on which are based Americanism and its unique championing of human dignity, human liberty and human freedom. 0 The Catholic school, public in all things save its method of support, centers on the sacred- ness of the human personality and insists that man's highest natural endowment is that of free will wherein the Creator gave to him the faculty and capacity of returning love for love, service for service, the fulfillment of duties for the exercise of rights. Its class- rooms, from kindergarten to grade and high schools into col- lege and university, are not un- like the classrooms of schools under public auspices, except that religious pictures and crucifixes combined with the teachers' garb stress the in- herent dignity of the individual and the moral obligations this dignity entails. Again, its classroom instruc- tions are not unlike the class- room instructions in schools under public auspices save that through the instructions in the Catholic school, like a golden thread, there run the truths which the Declaration of Inde- pendence enunciates as self-evi- dent, and more, the truths which make of life a totality extending the bounds of time. The teach- ings in our Catholic school demonstrate the citizen as a child of God, having obligations 18 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE to fellow citizens and to the state. From the acceptance and ful- fillment of these duties will flow an order resulting in peace and tr mquility. This teaching sup- plies motives for the fulfillment of obligations, even though the fulfillment at the moment seems antagonistic to self-interest. In a word, the Catholic school points the Way, which is Christ; teaches the Truth, which is Christ; urges the Life, which is Christ. Its instruction seeks to form the child into a citizen charged with making secure his eternal welfare through serving the welfare of the nation. Conscious of the high destiny of the nation as our wounded world's workshop of human values, the Catholic school knows that this destiny arises from our country's Declaration of Inde- pendence. Unless the super- natural aspect of the premises of the Declaration's corollaries of human freedom and human liberty are recognized, they be- come meaningless and ineffec- tive. Realizing this, the Cath- olic school is distressed that a vague sort of emotionalism in the thinking of so many citizens is the only prop to support the cause of freedom and liberty. The Catholic school, in its anxiety to preserve American values which are likewise Chris- tian values, looks hopefully to the future now that world dis- tress and totalitarian challenge are forcing a re-examination of premises. More and more, de- velopments show that freedom and liberty do not result from legislative enactments, but from the Providence of an all-wise, and all-loving Creator. More and more, too, developments threat- en crucifixion. It is the prayer of the Catholic school child and the Catholic school authority that American faith, as enun- ciated in our country's Declara- tion, will re-assert itself and force the formulation of a civics text which will elaborate on causes as well as on effects; which will profess and ration- alize American faith as well as the benefits that faith estab- lishes. Looking to the signers of our country's Declaration, we see there Protestant, Jew, and Cath- olic, men of varying shades of belief, but all concurring in the acceptance of certain super- natural principles which give meaning and substance to Amer- ica's boast. Looking to our country's practice, we read as COURAGE—A CIVICS TEXT 19 the basic tenet of American economy, “In God We Trust,” and we find in Executive Procla- mations the conviction that thanks should be returned to God. We, of the Catholic school, would like to believe that eventually all the schools of the nation will incorporate in their civics text the whole American tradition of belief and trust in God and the necessity of return- ing thanks to God. A civics text declaring and giving the reasons for America’s faith could dissi- pate confusion and establish or- der at home and enable the world at large to understand the better America’s aims and objectives. Such a civics text seriously and sincerely taught, could so in- doctrinate the children of the schools that within their own generation they would constitute a valid hope for a lasting and just peace. Our country, with its harness- ed atomic energy, has the ca- pacity of shaking the world with fear; with its faith declared and expounded, it has the capacity of sustaining men’s hopes for a better and more peaceful world. The pledge to our stricken world is not in energy stored and as- surances given, but rather in the declaration of principles made and integrated in the na- tion’s life. Our prayer is that we, as a nation, with courage will so declare our faith, and so act accordingly that exempli- fying the truths, which were salvaged on Calvary, we, and the world through our leadership, might escape the sufferings of crucifixion. AMERICA’S TRIPLE ARSENAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HUMAN VALUES— THE HOME, THE CHURCH, THE SCHOOL Address given on November 17, 1946 The story is told that on the morning of May 31, 1889, a workman passing below the dam which held in check waters threatening life and property in the city of Johnstown, Pennsyl- vania, noticed a slight trickling of the water through an almost invisible crevasse in the giant embankment. The seepage of water through this small open- ing seemed so little in compar- ison with the waters held at bay, that the workman passed on giv- ing it but scant reflection. That night thousands of lives and mil- lions of dollars in property were lost, all because a heedless pass- erby did not think that so slight a seepage * could bring about destruction. In France and Flanders twen- ty-eight years ago on a gray November day, bugles blew the “cease fire” which stopped the flowing of a river of blood and ended a world war. A war, we were told, that was to end wars ; a war which was to make the world safe for Democracy. Men who were there on that chill No- vember morning, tell us that there was a strange new look in eyes that had stared grimly beneath steel helmets. And no wonder, for the world's man- hood now looked forward to life instead of death. With life beckoning, hope came into the hearts of these sorely tried veterans of strife; a hope that their sufferings were not in vain, and that in consequence, a new day was dawning for man- kind. As we look back in retro- spect over the years that have passed since the Armistice si- lenced the guns of that first world conflict, we are reminded that those who survived that horrible carnage anticipated the future with hope, because they firmly believed that they, by force of arms, had proved that right must inevitably prevail over might. They also looked forward with hope because they thought the philosophy funda- mental to true democracy had not only survived brutal force, but had actually gained the as- cendency in men's thinking and acting. In the years that followed im- - AMERICA’S TRIPLE ARSENAL 21 mediately upon the close of that suicidal conflict—years of un- paralleled prosperity ; years, too, of unparalleled excesses—no one took seriously a certain beer- parlor agitator whose philosophy of government was so at vari- ance with the philosophy of gov- ernment for which men had bled and died, had fought and won. His philosophy was considered as so much seepage by a world sick of strife but a world sure of itself. Charlatan, this man may have been ; demagogism may have been his methods. But at least it could be said of him that he was alert, more active, more fired by zeal, although a false zeal, than those who took him lightly and to whose places of command he would eventually succeed. While others, secure in their positions of authority, under- estimated the power of seepage, he, realizing its power, continued his lightly-regarded campaign, % eventually weakening and finally destroying the structure of exist- ing government. At first re- garded as a Gilbert and Sullivan tragedian, Hitler emerged from the wreck of government the symbol of strength for a peo- ple poisoned and weakened by the seepage he caused to flow. In this, our country, we must begin to take stock, rearrange our house, and look to its foun- dations, if the seepage that is in evidence . here is not to destroy us. If we do not, then we de-~ serve the deluge that threatens us and the consequent destruc- tion that will follow in its wake. Contemporary America has only begun, and that remotely, to sense the danger that threatens life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Gradually, but per- sistently, Secularism—and this is the seepage to which I refer — is working away at the dam of fundamentals, which have held in check the waters of subver- sive and perversive doctrines that seek to contaminate the stream of our national life. In a way, we ourselves, have contrib- uted to the flow of this seepage which threatens the very ground- work of our national structure. We, Protestant, Jew, and Cath- olic, holding in common those religious truths which constitute the basic premises of American- ism, are yet to agree on a civics text which will bring to the school children of America a knowledge of all that is implied in the term Americanism. In- structed in the form and the mechanics of our nation’s politi- cal structure, the average school child lacks a knowledge of thq 22 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE reasons out of which this form developed and for which the mechanics were evolved as a guarantee. Treatment of minority groups in America is proof conclusive that we, as a people, either are not cognizant of the basic pre- mises on which our nation stands, or we are as yet to be instructed fully in them. In either case, American Education has fallen short of its objective. Yes, it is true that as a people we know what is implied in the Bill of Rights, but we do not know to all intent and purposes what is stated in the Declara- tion of Independence. The body of the law we feel: the spirit of the law we fail to teach under public auspices lest there come the charge of sectarianism. By neglecting the spirit, while em- phasizing the form and mechan- ics of our unique Democracy, there has resulted a sort of dis- tortion in the thinking of many. This distortion is best described in the words of a prominent edu- cator of an equally prominent Southern university. Lamenting the progressive obscuring of the religious values, which are basic to the American concept of De- mocracy, this distinguished edu- cator charged that a new re- ligion was evolving in America, the Deification of Democracy, which comprises the worship of the will of the majority, where- • in that will means the blotting out of life, liberty and the pur- suit of happiness, as these rights relate to so-called minorities within the body politic. Democ- racy, so understood, is seepage working away at the dam of fundamentals in our national structure. It is seepage widen- ing divisions among the nation's citizens, threatening to sweep away those essential safeguards of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, which twenty cen- turies of Christianity have es- tablished, supported and sus- tained. There can be no com- promise, and certainly there can be no acceptance. Secularism is so insidious that if given but slight ground, it will threaten the whole structure of supernaturalism; if its seepage is not checked, its waters will engulf fundamentals to such an extent that only the faintest sug- gestion of them will remain. It is, indeed, the hour of crisis and Democracy can survive only to the extent that religion flour- ishes. The Catholic Church, knowing how intimately interwoven are religion and Democracy, seeks the preservation of human val- 23AMERICA’S TRIPLE ARSENAL ues, which true Democracy safe- guards, by stressing the essen- tial importance of the inter-re- lation between home, Church and school. So determined is the Catholic Church that this essen- tial importance will not be over- looked, she calls upon the home to support both Church and school. So militant is the Cath- olic Church in defense of hu- man values, that she insists that both home and school determine their objectives in accordance with God’s plan in creation. From time immemorial, the home has been the great educa- tive agency, and, in 'the eyes of the Church, the prime educative agency. Before the development of our vast modern school sys- tem, the child received his prep- aration for life within the fam- ily circle. Today, even with that school system, the Church still regards the home as the school of schools, and the parent as the teacher preeminent. Unfortu- nately, this is not always so in this streamlined age in which we live, when apartments have taken the place of homes, pent houses the place of mansions, and automobiles the place of babies. Now, sad to say, in many cases the home is only incidental to the school, and the school has become not only parlor, bedroom, dining-room and bath for the child, but in a sense mother and father, brother and sister as well. Here the child is supposed to de- velop those domestic virtues without which good citizenship is impossible. Today the school is expected to so ground the child in desirable practices that par- ents will be released from their God-given obligation of fashion- ing and forming the true man and the true woman of character. The Catholic Church insists that the school at best is* only supplementary to the home, aid- ing and assisting, but never taking the place of the home. She knows that the home is the very center of the child’s emo- tional, physical, intellectual and moral life. Here habits and attitudes are determined. There is no doubt but that impressions made by parents are more fre- quently than not indelibly stamp- ed and seldom erased from the memory of children. Where the home fails in its duties and ob- ligations, the Church and school rarely succeed. It is from the home properly motivated that re- ligion and democracy draw their greatest strength. It is from the home grounded in religious truth that the Catholic Church attracts her teachers whose religious con- 24 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE secration dramatizes for pupil and student those supernatural truths which are the very e» sence of true democracy. And so the Catholic Church reminds parents that God has entrusted them with that which reflects, not only themselves, but Him as well. In a word, the Church charges parents to create that environment out of which the child committed to their care will be enabled to achieve a life unending, a liberty never degen- erating into license, a happiness giving peace within and con- tributing to the peace of others. In the classroom, the Catholic Church commits the child to the care and instruction of one whose very garb suggests those do- mestic virtues which are the firmest props of morality and the securest foundations of true De- mocracy. Here the nun, and she constitutes eighty percent of Catholic school teachers, inte- grates religious truths with the content of other subjects. In this integration, she enables the pupil and student to escape the debilitating influence of secular- ism, for to her the content of all subjects to be taught is part of the plan of an all-wise and an all-provident Creator. Her meth- odology is to give practice in the social virtues and to develop at- titudes that are at once con- sistent with the Christian and the American philosophy of life. Strengthened by prayer, the nun's whole character is the product of consecration to God through the formation of the true and perfect Christian in the lives of the little ones committed to her instruction. With her teaching is no profession; it is a vocation to which she accepts the call to form men and women of character. It is a life’s work subject in no manner to the vagaries of time and circum- stance. Perfection in teaching means for her greater security in the attainment of eternal sal- vation, which alone prompts her dedication to the desirable ob- jectives of the classroom. She knows that the better she quali- fies herself for the teaching pro- fession, the more God is pleased with her, and so she does not content herself with mediocrity in her chosen work. Her educa- tional objective is the harmoni- ous development of the whole child and all his faculties. To cultivate and strengthen child, body and soul, mind, heart and conscience, she knows is the business of true education. From her own Catholic training, the nun has the conviction that Edu- cation pemeated Through and I AMERICA’S TRIPLE ARSENAL 25 through with the sublime truths of Religion, makes not only for the highest type of citizenship in the Kingdom of God, but makes likewise for the highest type of American citizenship. As an American, the Catholic teacher rejoices that this con- viction is supported by no less a person than he whom history terms as the “Father of Our Country.” “Of all the dispositions and habits,” said George Wash- ington, “which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports. In v^in would that man claim the A. tribute of patriotism whc should labor to subvert these firmest props of the duties of man and citizens. Whatever may be con- ceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail to the exclusion of religious prin- ciples.” This conviction of the “Father of Our Country,” so reminiscent of our country’s Declaration of Independence, is re-echoed today more and more by thinkers m the American field of education. The eminent head of the Department of Philosophy in one of the coun- try’s leading universities, a non- Catholic, speaks as follows : “Religious development is just as essential as it is intellectual. Anyone who thinks otherwise is a moron. We have altogether too many intellectual, or artistic, or musical geniuses who are re- ligious morons. Religion and Education should go hand in hand to achieve the final goal of a life better fitted for success. Religion is necessary and should find a place in every educational institution, from the primary school to the university, through- out the land.”* With religion the citizen is a creature of God, dedicated to preserving the dignity with which God has endowed him. Without religion he is simply the creature of the State, a pawn in the play for power on the part of those who would use him to achieve omnipotence for a State of their own creation. With religion properly inculcated, the citizen, even though he fails in his upward climb, must ever seek not only his own welfare but the welfare of all others as well. Without Religion indoc- trinated with the doctrine of sur- vival, the citizen is motivated by fear and the determination to survive even though survival *Dr. Charles Gray Shaw—New York University. 26 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE means liquidation for his fellow citizen. The Church in the Catholic philosophy of Education becomes the bond between home and school. She belongs to neither exclusively, but very definitely is part of each. To her, parents, pupils and teachers are God’s children to be guided along the way to that full and rich ma- turity that can be found only in Christ. Because the family is not a perfect society, that is, because it is not, out of its own resources capable of attaining fully its end, , it needs the help of other in- stitutions or societies. The school is one of these, and the Church is solicitous that the school serve the home as an adjunct a.id not as an usurper. In Home, Church and School, the Catholic Church charges parents, pastors and teachers to take due care that this noble concept of child and pupil is never obscured. The Catholic Church looks with alarm on the threat to this noble concept, which emanates from the secu- larizing influences so rife in the wrorld today. Seeing the seepage of secular- ism gradually widening the gap in the dam of fundamentals, the Catholic Church prayerfully, through her head, the Pope of Rome, calls for a salutary union of thought between Catholics and other believers in God. (Sertum Laetitiae) In the midst of crisis, the Catholic Church is happy in the knowledge that her schools, from primary to university, to- gether with other religious schools in the nation, enable the educational system of America to reflect totally the philosophy of government which has made the United States the highest exemplar of human liberty and human dignity. Hopefully the Catholic Church looks to the fu- ture, knowing that this philos- ophy of government, once it takes hold in its fullness of meaning on the thinking of the citizens of the United States, the home, the Church and the school will stand forth conspicuously as the triple and secure arsenal of human values. AMERICA’S IDEAL: NOT WAR BUT PEACE Address given on November 24, 1946 The pattern for world peace and peace within the nation was formulated on July 4, 1776. In their Declaration of Independ- ence on that epoch-making day, the Founding Fathers, as the legally-constituted representa- tives of a nation conceived in suffering and born of conscience, laid the groundwork on which alone can be built a just and durable peace. In the principles they enunciated is found the only secure prop for peace among nations and within nations. In committing themselves and fu- ture generations of Americans to an acknowledgment of God as the Author of life, liberty and human happiness, they put be- yond the jarring self-interest of men the welfare of the nation and of individuals within the nation. In so committing them- selves and future generations of Americans, they established the United States of America as a nation of believers. In the vir- tue of Faith, they saw the way to rise above the clashing in- equalities of life and to save men from the arbitrary enact- ments of their fellows. Amid the trials and tribula- tions, the disappointments and the sorrows of a subject people, the Founders of this nation were enabled to see with that clarity which Faith alone, stimulated by suffering, could engender. They turned to nature and to nature's God and found the principles for a just and durable peace. The Faith that was theirs, we of this generation must re-kindle if we are to retain our precious heritage of freedom. The Faith that was theirs, we must live if our nation is to fulfill its high destiny to a stricken world. Strange as it may seem, with educational opportunities within the reach of all, we, as a people, lack the science of Faith. Knowl- edge we have, but unfortunately for us and for the world that looks to us today for leadership, it is only a knowledge of the fruits of Faith but not of Faith itself. We have all the self- assurance which possession in- spires, but we are at a loss to explain the origin of our pos- session. We revel in the fruits; we are puzzled and confused when others whom we would help do not find these fruits as con- vincing as we who have enjoyed 28 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE their sweet beneficence uncon- testedly. Nature has been most bounti- ful and extremely prodigal in our regard ; we have used this bounty and prodigality to build a na- tion jwhich is the envy of all nations. In the spirit of our traditions, we have offered to share the good things which na- ture has so generously provided for us. We are annoyed and angered when those less favored than ourselves, receiving of our bounty, refuse to accept as well our concept of fundamentals in government. Perplexed .and dis- illusioned, many amongst us would have the nation withdraw into isolation and leave the world to suffer the canker of its own wounds. Little do such people, realize that it is not the gifts that are questioned, but rather the mo- tive which prompts the gifts. Nations are not ungrateful; they are suspicious, fearful of what we expect in return. They can- not understand why we would share, since, to them, we are interested chiefly in our strength. Like individuals, nations resent paternalism; we, as a people, are as yet to declare that it is not paternalism but the Paternity of God that prompts our sharing. Emotionally we are moved by this sublime truth of the Father- hood of God; rationally we lack its conviction which could con- vince others of the sincerity of our motives. We give of our sustenance to sustain abroad the meaning of our Bill of Rights; we lack the courage to tell abroad the religious background of our country’s Declaration of Inde- pendence, which alone makes meaningful the liberties and freedoms of that Bill of Rights. Certainly we do not lack the courage because the majority of the American people have repudi- ated that religious background. Indeed, it is a valid assumption that the majority still cling to these major premises of our country’s proud boast of liberty and freedom since no successful- effort has been made “to alter or abolish” them. We might ask ourselves in the light of this supported assump- tion, why, then, does the Educa- tional System of America in its totality fight shy of integrating this religious background into school curricula generally? Why, then, does our country in its boast of liberty and freedom con- tinue to state itself abortively, stressing the fruits of belief in God, and yet refusing to acknowl- edge fully God, the Source of these fruits? AMERICA'S IDEAL: NOT WAR BUT PEACE 29 The Catholic School, part of the American Educational Sys- tem, is happy that it serves the nation in these all-important matters of Faith; it would be happier if the nation would bring the full force of these vitalizing principles to bear on- national thinking. No one has ever charged the Founding Fathers with sectarianism because of the Religious truths they incorpor- ated into the Declaration of In- dependence; why then, should such a charge be feared in re- stating in textbooks, these re- ligious truths and the reasons on which they rest? More and more, events that are challenging our concepts of liberty and freedom are shaping themselves at home and abroad. More and more, these events are shaping our country's neces- sity to declare, as did the Found- ing Fathers, the origin of liberty and freedom, or suffer their loss. The challenge and consequent necessity surprisingly come, not so much from events abroad, as from events at home. A changing economy has made many of our citizens rank prag- matists and earthly materialists. They regard class warfare as in- evitable, and look upon the qual- ities of the Declaration as idle speculations having no bearing on the practicalities of life. Un- fortunately, on the other hand, there are many more fortuitously placed in our country's economy, who give lip service to these equalities while using class con- sciousness to serve their equally pragmatic ends. Both blot out American and religious values, and make our country's boast of liberty and freedom a hollow sham. Both are prosaic, matter- of-fact, critical, indeed blase and “knowing." Knowing in the sense of knowing-it-all, they find with- in themselves the explanation of all things. The world of Faith makes no appeal whatever to them; in- deed, they have an aversion to it, if they are not actually hos- tile. Unlike the Founding Fathers of our country, they have di- vorced nature from nature's God; thus they have secularized their lives and seek the seculari- zation of the nation's life. Their whole mentality warped, Faith for them and for those who fall under their influence is made incomparably difficult. Concen- trating on the mere visible world, the world of phenomena, their capacity to see God has been weakened. Blinded by the things of time, they regard life as a struggle which will inevitably 30 THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE blot out dignity, liberty and free- dom for those not disposed to battle. They are the real threat to our country's determination to perpetuate liberty and freedom in the traditions of the nation's Declaration of Independence ; they are the enemy threatening to obscure our country's ideal i , of peace. We, the believers of America —Protestant, Jew and Catholic —must re-assert our Faith in our nation's thinking. We must so order our thought and action that the world can identify our Faith in our nation's acts. We must so demonstrate religion in our living that the secularized citizens within our midst will, by sheer force of example, return to their true selves, to their true nature, to the child in them. How charged with fate are the words of Jesus today: “. . . Un- less you . . . become as little children, you will not enter into the kingdom of heaven" {Mat- thew 18:3). Yes, others lacking belief must be persuaded by the sheer force of example to turn to God as did the Founding Fa- thers, the authors of true Amer- icanism. They must be made to realize that this does not mean closing their eyes to the testi- mony of nature ; but rather, means opening their eyes and their ears, their hearts and their minds to nature’s God, in Whom alone nature and its works find meaning. Either the American Protes- tant, the American Jew and the American Catholic will stand together in defense by word and example of those religious prin- ciples which give meaning to traditional Americanism, or they* will suffer the drastic conse- quences. These religious prin- ciples, so vital to the way of life of Protestantism, Judaism and Catholicism are identically and equally vital to the continuation of the American way of life. Eliminate them, and you may soon have the Omnipotent State and its arbitrary enactments, circumscribing and dissipating human dignity and human lib- erty. Eliminate them, and you may have persecution and even- tual liquidation of the conscien- tious Protestant, Jew and Cath- olic. Eliminate these religious principles, and you may well have life with fear, liberty destroyed, and happiness deteriorated. Eventually there is no alterna- tive. Either men are creatures of God, or they become creatures of the State. Either men enjoy equally from the Omnipotent God rights to life, liberty and the AMERICA’S IDEAL: NOT WAR BUT PEACE 31 pursuit of happiness, or they be- come simply pawns to be used by an Omnipotent State for pow- er. Either the State is their servant or the State becomes their master. Either they are free or they will be slaves. Either man seeks his own welfare and the welfare of others through cooperation and understanding, or he becomes a creature bent on survival at the expense of his fel- lows. Cooperation and under- standing mean liberty and free- dom; survival means force and subjugation. Liberty and free- dom require God; force and sub- jugation require brute energy. God is peace; brute energy is war. Long since our country placed itself on the side of God. In its birth certificate it is written, “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people ... to assume among the powers of the earth, the sep- arate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Na- ture's God entitle them . . . We hold these truths to be self evi- dent, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain in- alienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.” Too long since the nation has allowed the process which has progressively obscured this Declaration. Too often has the American Protes- tant, the American Jew, and the American Catholic allowed an extremely volatile compound of sneers, assumptions and disdain- ful phrases to shame them into silence. The ocean of religious faith in God, has, like terrestrial seas, its rising and refulgent tides. For many years its waters have been steadily receding; and it looks as though the ebb has well nigh reached its limit. The tide is turning and the flood will once more break upon our shores. If we are to be spared crucifixion at the turning of this tide, then it behooves us to quicken the flood of Faith in the minds and \ the hearts of our own and of generations to come. Today that civilization which brought forth its finest flowering in the fertile soil of the New World of Columbus' discovery, is threatened as never before in its long history of achievement and accomplishment for the benefit of mankind. It is said that the mouthpiece of the Archconspira- tor against progress made the boast that he and his hellish co- horts would slam the door of civilization so hard it would re- main closed for generations. The 32 THE CATHOLIG SCHOOL IN AMERICAN LIFE Archconspirator was defeated. His fight on God continues. It is well, then, that we re-dedicate ourselves to those eternal prin- ciples which have found their noblest political expression in this, our land—to those eternal principles which divide the na- tions of the world into opposing camps, but which are the only promise of a just and durable peace. When this New World, born of the “Santa Maria” and bear- ing first the name of Mary’s Son, became known to the peoples of the Old World, they, in turn, looked to it as a refuge from tyrants and a haven for con- science. When those who came elected to establish a nation, they wrote their political ex- pression in terms of the tradi- tion that was signified by such holy and hallowed names as San- ta Maria, San Salvador and La Navidad. They wrote in terms of the truths that are set down in the pages of history in the Sacred Blood that was shed on Calvary. It would seem that our land is, in a very literal sense, a child of Providence; and our history clearly demonstrates that the greatness of our nation has not heen apart from God ; on the contrary, it has been with God. In the Declaration of Independ- ence, our land gave to the world one of the highest and most com- plete political expressions of the teaching of Him, Who alone rightfully bears the sacred title, Prince of Peace. That we might not fail the world and the nation in this hour of crisis, let us re-dedicate our- selves in the spirit of our coun- try’s Founders to the eternal principles of peace: 1) That God in His wisdom, without distinc- tion of race, color or creed, created all men equal; 2) that governments are established to protect men in the exercise of God-given rights, which in the aggregate add up to human hap- piness and prosperity; 3) that the only successful economy is that expressed tersely on the coinage of our nation, trust and confidence in God; 4) that grati- tude to God is a patriotic as well as a religious duty. So dedicat- ing ourselves, our spirit will be the spirit of the great navigator, Columbus; the spirit of high ro- mance and adventure; the spirit that leads men on, ever upward, ever onward. Then and only then can we, the people of the United States, say to the peo- ples of the world, as did Colum- bus to a mutinous crew, “Sail on ; sail on!” THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHOLIC HOUR (Extract from the address of the late Patrick Cardinal Hayes at the in- augural program of the Catholic Hour in the studio of the National Broadcasting Company, New York City, March 2, 1930.) Our congratulations and our gratitude are extended to the National Council of Catholic Men and its officials, and to all who, by their financial support, have made it possible to use this offer of the National Broad- casting Company. The heavy expense of managing and financing a weekly program, its musical numbers, its speakers, the subsequent an- swering of inquiries, must be met. . . . This radio hour is for all the people of the United States. To our fellow-citizens, ip this word of dedication, we wish to express a cordial greeting and, indeed, congratulations. For this radio hour is one of service to America, which certainly will listen in interestedly, and even sympathetically, I am sure, to the voice of the ancient Church with its historic background of all the centuries of the Christian era, and with its own notable contribution to the discovery, exploration, foundation and growth of our glorious country. . . . Thus to voice before a vast public the Catholic Church is no light task. Our prayers will be with those who have that task in hand. We feel certain that it will have both the good will and the good wishes of the great majority of our countrymen. Surely, there is no true lover of our Country who does not eagerly hope for a less worldly, a less material, and a more spiritual standard among our people. With good will, with kindness and with Christ-like sympathy for all, this work is inaugurated. So may it continue. So may it be ful- filled. This word of dedication voices, therefore, the hope that this radio hour may serve to make known, to explain with the charity of Christ, our faith, which we love even as we love Christ Himself. May it serve to make better understood that faith as it really is—a light revealing the pathway to heaven: a strength, and a power divine through Christ; and joys, bringing not only justice but gladness and peace to our search- pardoning our sins, elevating, consecrating our common every-day duties ing and questioning heatts. 93 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS In 39 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii Alabama Birmingham WBRC* 960 kc 1 e> WALA 1410 kc Montgomery WSFA .— 1440 kc Arizona ..-___Phoaniy KTAR 620 kc Tucson KVOA ..1290 kc Yuma KYUM 1240 kc Arkansas ......Little Rock KARK* 920 kc California Fresno KMJ 580 kc Los Angeles . KFI 640 kc San Diego KFSD 600 kc San Francisco KPO 680 kc Colorado Denver .. ... KOA 850 kc District of Columbia ....Washington WRC 980 kc Florida Jacksonville ..WJAX 930 kc Miami WIOD 610 kc Pensacola WCOA 1370 kc Tampa WFLA 970-620 kc Georgia Atlanta WSB 750 kc Savannah WSAV 1340 kc Idaho Boise ..KIDO 1380 kc Illinois Chicago WMAQ 670 kc Indiana :„. TTT„ ..Fort Wayne WGL 1450 kr , Terre Haute ..WBOW 1230 kc Kansas Wichita KANS 1240 kc Kentucky Louisville WAVE* 970 kc Louisiana Npw Orleans .. WSMB 1350 kc' Shreveport KTBS 1480 kc Maine Augusta WRDO 1400 kc Maryland - Baltimore WBAL 1090 kc Massachusetts ......Boston WBZ 1030 kc Springfield WBZA 1030 kc Michigan Detroit WWJ* 950 kc Saginaw WSAM 1400 kc Minnesota Duluth-Superior WEBC 1320 kc Hibbing WMFG 1300 kc • Mankato .. KYSM 1230 kc Minneaoolis-St. Paul KSTP 1500 kc Rochester KROC 1340 kc Virginia WHLB 1400 kc Mississippi . ..Jackson WJDX 1300 kc Missouri .Kansas City WDAF 610 kc Springfield.. KGBX 1260 kc Saint Louis ..KSD* 550 kc Montana ...Billings ...KGHL 790 kc Bozeman KRBM 1450 kc Butte KGIR 1370 kc Helena KPFA 1240 kc 93 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS In 39 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii Nebraska Omaha WOW 590 kc New Mexico Albuquerque KOB 1030 kc New York Buffalo WBEN 930 kc New York WEAF 660 kc Schenectady WGY 810 kc North Carolina WSOC 1240 kc Raleigh WPTF 680 kc Winston-Salem WSJS 600 kc North Dakota .Bismarck KFYR .. 550 kc Fargo WDAY 970 kc Ohio ..... Cincinnati WSAI* . 1360 kc Cleveland WTAM 1100 kc Lima.. WLOK 1240 kc Oklahoma ..Tulsa KVOO 1 170 kc Oregon .... Medford KMED 1440 kc Portland KGW* 620 kc Pennsylvania ......Allentown WSAN 1470 kc Altoona WFBG 1340 kc Johnstown WJAC 1400 kc Lewistown WMRF 1490 kc Philadelphia KYW 1060 kc Pittsburgh ..KDKA 1020 kc Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Reading WRAW Wilkes-Barre WBRE Providence WJAR 'f Charleston WTMA Columbia . WIS Greenville WFBC 1340 kc .1340 kc . 920 kc .1250 kc . 560 kc .1330 kc Sioux Falls KSOO-KELO 1140-1230 kc .Kingsport WKPT Memphis WMC* Nashville _. ...WSM* 1400 kc 790 kc 650 kc Texas .Amarillo KGNC 1440 kc Dallas ...WFAA 820 kc Fort Worth ..WBAP* 820 kc Houston KPRC 950 kc San Antonio.... WOAI 1200 kc Weslaco KRGV 1290 kc Utah Virginia .... Washington Wisconsin j Salt Lake City ..KDYL* 1320 kc Norfolk WTAR* 790 kc Richmond WMBG 1380 kc Seattle.... KOMO Spokane KHQ Eau Claire WEAU LaCrosse WKBH 950 kc 590 kc 790 kc .1410 kc Hawaii Delayed Broadcast ... Honolulu KGU 760 kc (Revised as of March, 1946) CATHOLIC HOUR RADIO ADDRESSES IN PAMPHLET FORM Prices Subject to change without notice. OUR SUNDAY VISITOR is the authorized publisher of all CATHOLIC HOUR ad- dresses in pamphlet form. The addresses published to date, all of which are available, are listed below. Others will be published as they are delivered. Quantity Prices Do Not Include Carriage Charge “The Divine Romance/* by Rt. 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