L{~d- eu.sse.11 f V. 
- 1'VIe- C<N~O li e:.. . . -

AD'-73G8 TH E CATH06", I~'~L~ Cc 
INTERPRETATION OF 

CULTU"-E 

Vin~nt: Lloyb-~ss~u. 
'Th~(.(l-tholk Hour 

* 





THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 
By 

REV. VINCENT LLOYD-RUSSELL, Ph . D., S. T. D. 
Pastor, Our Lady Help of Chri stians Church 

Los Angeles, Calif. 

Four addresses delivered in the nationwide Catholic Hour (produced by the 
National Council of Catholic Men, in cooperation with the National Broad-
casting Company) on Sundays from July 5 to july 26, 1942, inclusive. 

Page 

July 5 Meaning of Culture .................................... _. ................. .. ....................... 3 

July 12 The Soul and Culture ............... ................................ ............................. 10 

July 19 The Matter of Culture .......................................................................... 17 

July 26 The Cultural Synthesis ............................................................. .... ......... 23 

Statement of the Catholic Hour's Purpose .......................................................... 29 

List of Stations Carrying the Catholic Hour ... .............. ................................... 30 

List of Catholic Hour Pamphlets ............................................................... .... ....... 32 

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THINGS FIXE.D IN THE HEAVENS 
(Meaning of Culture) 
Address given on July 5, 1942 

In the , midst of a changing er forms of technological develop-
world, the adjustment of man to ment. 
life is a necessary, delicate matter. So it is that when we endeavor 
It is a necessary matter unless man to discover the culture of peoples 
wishes utterly to abandon himself long since vanished from the face 
to the wayward fortunes of the hour of the earth, ,we must take into 
-to sail rudderless upon the seas account every monument which 
of life, the sport of wind and wave. they have left us connected with 
And it is a delicate matter because their interpretation of the univer-
man himself is a delicate thing, sal realities of life. The spiral de-
wonderfully fair, a union of soul sign, the cowrie shell, where the 
and .body. This substance in its spirit of the wind was imprisoned, 
adjustment to itself must have per- the wine and food jars placed be-
fect equilibrium and it must main- side the dead, the Mastaba, the 
tain this balance with unfailing Chiuringa stone, the gothic arch, 
accuracy when it is brought into the taut, nervous line of modern 
relations outside itself-with the design, all have deep significance 
world at large. in the development of culture. 

The history of the human race When we read in history of the 
is the history of the struggle for Decline of Nations and the passing 
an adjustment of life-the search of Empires, which once had shone 
for a canon, rule,. or norm to with dazzling glory and unques-
guide it in the tremendous varie- tioned power, we wonder how in-
ties of its experience-to give it stitutions so great and so magni-
stability against the fluctuations of ficent cou ld fall. The statue of Ra-
fortune, to guard it in prosperity meses looks out upon a lonely land. 
and sustain it in crisis. When this There are no priests now to offer 
canon has been achieved, a Cu l-. him incense nor people below to 
ture is born and it expresses it- acclaim him. The Nile wanders on 
self in .every possible spiritu;:tl and by fallen shrines and broken tem-
material articulation-in liturgy, pIes. Ankor Vat is lost in the 
in art, in . painting, in poetry, in deep jungles and grass is in its 
architecture, as well as in the low- holy courts. A thousand monks 



4 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

once served at its altars. Athena 
no longer watches the city of her 
love nor the Vestal Virgins the 
Sacred Fir~. The peoples who 
builded all these things are vanish-
ed and the living significance of 
their monuments is lost. 

"Where, O . Kincora, is Brian 
the Great 

And where is the glory that 
once was thine · 

Where are the nobles and 
princes that sate 

At the feast in thy halls and 
drank the red wine 

Where, 0 Kincora?" 

Life defeated them all, rather 
than that they were conquered by 
Death. In the fundamental adjust-

The perfected culture is not 
achieved without labor because ex-
perience is essential to knowledge 
and no human mind is endowed 
with infallible intuitive power. The 
cultural tradition of the Old Testa-
ment had to be fulfilled in the com-
ing of Jesus Christ because the 
supreme excellence of the Christian 
interpretation of Life necessitated 
Revelation. The perdurance of a 
Culture depends upon its preoccu-
pation with the fundamental reali-
ties of Life. 

Over against man is the World-
Nature, if you like. Experience 
shows him that there are certain 
things in the Universe which are 
above him and beyond him, before 
him and after him. He must fash-

ment, either to themselves or to ion his life under the shadow of 
the world, they failed. The cultur- these immutable laws. When An-
al synthesis was not achieved or tigone speaks of things fixed in the 
was inadequate. They did not take Heavens, she is voicing the experi-
into full account the realities of ence of the Greek race-a race dis-
life or perhaps, having taken them tinguished by its reverence for 
into account, they did not main- tradition. There can only be trag-
t a in them in balance. edy as a result of the incest of 

A vital culture may then be de- Oedipus because he has broken a 
fined as the spirit underlying, in- decree "fixed in the Heavens." The 
forming-to use a philosophical countless years of the life of 
term-or inspiring a person, a Greece had demonstrated certain 
people, or-and it is possible-a truths. Why they should be so, 
world, in its attitude to Life. The Antigone did not perhaps know, 
manifestation of the culture will but they were so. Some one once 
be the institutions, monuments, asked Doctor Johnson what he 
artifacts, and technologics of the thought of the Philosophic argu-
race. ments against Free Will. He re-



THINGS FIXED IN THE HEAVENS 5 

plied : "We have free will and that's formation and of difficulty, but 
an en d of it." He was relying on survival through them depends up-
the t radition of the Race. St. Paul on the practice of hard virtue and 
was speaking from the experience s imple intent. It is perhaps be-
-of the race when he said the cause men have not yet acquired-
Wages of Sin is Death . There are dare not acquire-the tastes and 
those who think that by some dis- tendencies of effete security. When 
pensation of our age, we will be Caesar g ives a reason for the ex-
exempted from the payment of the traordinary prowess of the ancient 
price of sin; they are fo ols. The Belgae, he says that they lived 
r ealization of the value of tradition furthest away from those amen i-
can only come from the study of t ies of life which tend to make the 
hi story. The examples of its truth mind effeminate. Cato, the most 
could be multipli ed so that a ll the upright of the Romans, looks wist-
books of the world would not hold fully back to the days when the 
them. The mark of Cain is irre- consular seat was still a camp 
movable, ineffacable, and the judg- stool, not a golden throne. He saw 
ment certain. the ev idences of the coming collapse 

Signs of the traditional experi- of the Empire in the a bandonment 
ence remain in the proverbs and of the pristine virtues, 'the po etas' 
adages of a people. When they be- -reverence, it means-and the 
g in to be forgotten or doubted, the 'rusticitas'-simplicity-which, af-
decline of a people has begun. It ter Cato, Pliny so much laments. 
will be true today and tomorrow as Cato was considered an ultra-
it was for countless yesterdays conservative by the younger ele-
that a silk purse cannot be made ment as was Polybius when he in-
from a sow's ear, or that as the veighed against the decline of 
twi g is bent so is the tree inclined. motherhood in Italy. He foresaw 
The Bible, the greatest document the dangers arising from a depopu-
of racial experience in the world, lated land before the invading 
insists tha t the beginning of Wis- hordes of the Huns. Neither were 
dom is th e Fear of the Lord. It paid much attention, but the things 
sou nds almost odd today. they predicted came to pass. They 

The tradition of the Race is be- were arguing really from the tra-
gotten from the earliest and most dition of the race-that if these 
realistic period of a peoples' life- things were done, the result would 
the years of establishment and be calamitous and in evitable. But 
struggle. These are the times of the younger Romans, rich and lan-



6 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

guidly cultured, would not believe that the gods and their nature were 
that any such catastrophe could obscure. But Jacob only set up a 
strike an Empire so wealthy and stone in Bethel. 
powerful. Do you remember By-
ron's poem on Baltazzar's Feast? 

"The King was on his throne 
The Satraps throng'd the hall 

A thousand bright lamps shone 
O'er that high festival." 

The adjustment to life is more 
difficult in our days than it was 
for the no~ads of patriarchal 
times. The relations by which we 
must make an adjustment are the 
same-fundamental and uncha nge-
able because we have, as they had, 

In the midst of the revelry, the the same human nature. The world 
hand appeared on the wall and it -I should here say the cosmos-
wrote: "Mene, mene Teckel Ufar- has seen their passing and it will 
shim"-weighed in the balance and see ours. 
found wanting? One tremendous thing which, to 

Again in these lectu res, we will use a philosophical terminology, 
come back to the tradition of the establishes the antithesis-that is , 
Race under another aspect. For the other aspect of the world over 
the moment, it is a step towards against man-is Death. I read a 
culture, bequeathed a people by story once called the Blue Lagoon. 
their autocthonous ancestors-gen- It told of an old man, the boat-
erally unwritten but consigned to swain, who escaped with two chil-
pithy phrases, none of them excep- dren the wreck of his ship. They 
tionally elegant, like the one I just were thrown on an uninhabited 
quoted on the sow's ear. tropical island and lived there for 

In the times when these proverbs many years in the beauty of the 
were formulated, the fundamental land. One day the two children 
truths of life were more evident. found the old sailor lying face down 
As culture develops, and nations at the edge of the Lagoon. They 
make that vague thing called Pro- called him but he did not answer. 
gress, the essential relations of They turned him over. From his 
m an become obscurd by innumer- open mouth there scuttled a crab. 
able accidental accretions . The For a moment, this new thing 
Greeks had to add wings to the was beyond their comprehension-
wooden statues of their gods to then came the realization of a 
indicate heavenly connections, be-
cause Athenian life had become in-
crustated with so many trivialities 

force more terrible, more alien, 
more awful than any they had yet 

I • 

known. Here was something op-



THINGS FIXED IN THE HEAVENS 7 

posed to the glory of the dawn, to the Hall of his judgment. Today, 
the heat of the sun, to the rippling if the truth is bitter, we would 
of the waters, to the blood runnin g prefer a lie. From the thought of 
in their veins. An awful force, Death come many things-the ma-
this Death-inevitable, ineluctable. terialism of Despair, Utilitarian-
The proper r ecognition of it and ism, Hedoni sm. But we must press 
its import is an essential to the on. The death of a young man oc-
formation of a culture. casioned these fine lines, 

In the Christian way of life, the "Thou wilt not leave us in the dust 
thought of Death is ever before us . 
Towards it our life is directed be-

Thou mad est man he knows not 
why 

cause the shadow of it lies long He thinks h e was not made to die 
over all our days. · Old monks and And Thou has made him; Thou 
great saints and good men have 
accepted this fact of Life and have 

art just." 

prepared for it-not in a morbid I quote you poetry for it is the 
sense but in the realism of accept- highest and ultimate express ion of 
ance. And they looked beyond the the culture. 
grave in the tradition of the Race The tradition of the Race moves 
because doubt in another life does on from Death to Life-the anti-
not arise until the cultural crisis, thesis and the thesis-the polari-
when the balance of adjustment is ties of existence. The spirit within 
disturbed. There is no dance mac- the body r efus es defeat. It is too 
abre in Ancient E gypt nor in the certain of its essence. The world 
Bible nor in Homer. "It is ap- may claim the matter for it is its 
pointed unto men once to die" own, but the Soul, in spiring the 
(Hebrews 9 :27). Body, belongs not to it. It must go 

Sometime again we will discuss on and find another home-another 
the effect on culture of the attitude place. There is ' no doubt of life 
to Death. In our days we almost after Death in the primitive mind. 
live away from it. Its ghastliness Ideas may be confused, clouded and 
is hidden under the beauty of cere- uncertain, but the thing itself is 
monial. Th e dead body is swiftly sure. The waters of the Nile fall 
removed, there are flowers, artifi- low. They will rise again on the 
cial grass lest the earth appear too turn of the year . . Balder dies but 
damp, soft music and indefinite he will live once more. The winter 
thoughts. How different from the passes but the voice Of the turtle 
procession of the dead Pharoah to is heard over all the land. After 



8 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

the death of the body, the journey 
of the soul begins. Men livin g close 
to the soil, earning bread in the 
sweat of their brow, learned this 
thing and with the inexorable log ic 
of the simple mind they knew that 
they must so order their lives as to 
merit happiness hereafter. 

P erhaps it is from this thought 
too-this vision of Death, dread 
sister of the Night, that the beauty 
of the World strikes men so strong-
ly. The old Keltic poet, Kaedmon, 
lay in his humble cell. It was 
around the year 800 when the 
Catholic culture was commencing 
to bind the world in a holy unity. 
The monk heard the voice of God, 
"Sing to me Kaedmon, the glory 
of my creation." And Kaedmon 
sang for the joy of living in a land 
of God's design. Listen to the 
mu s ic in an old Keltic poem writ-
ten by a common poet more than a 
thousand years ago.. It is full of 
happiness, the joy of the soul for 
the coming of spring, 

"The summer is y-comen in 
Loude singe Cuckoo 
Groweth seed and bloweth mead 
And springeth the woode now 
Sing Cuckoo-Cuckoo. . 
Sing Cuckoo-Cuckoo." 

of the morning. The storm was 
passed and the Dawn was come. 
The old man di ed and his son 
stood in his place. In the fields with 
exquisite care, not learned from 
man or books, the beasts nursed, 
trained, and fostered their young . 
The tradition of the Race was 
spellbound before the marvelous or-
der of the world. And it was writ-
ten, "In the beginning God created 
heaven, and earth" (Genesis 1 :1); 
and again, "In the beginning was 
the Word, and the Word was with 
God; and the Word was God" 
(John 1: 1). Men do not see this 
thing so clearly now because they 
do not see the land or God. 

These are the realities of life: 
Death, Immortality, and a world 
whose architect is . God. Many 
have sought to discard or forg et 
these things. But who can say 
with what success? Particularly 
in the last century have m en sh'iv-
en to live outside reality in a ro-
manticism of Progress. How 
t awdry this Progress appears to-
day. And so arise the great funda-
mental ideas of a Culture. Their 
genesis is from the least compli-
cated phases of existence. Daw-
son calls it the Age of the God s. It 
may be better to say the Age of 
Acceptance. It is a first stage-a 

Nature indeed was glorious, ex- primeval, not a primitive. Above 
ultant, vibrant; the Sun arose and all, it is in accord with the nature 
bathed the valley in the strong light of man and it lays the foundation~ 



THINGS FIXED IN THE HEAVENS 9 

for the strength of a people-a race the lofti est kind, architecture, 
-a world. painting, art, a ttained their zenith 

Catholicism nourished on these and the world was bound with 
r ealities grew and flourished in the chains of gold unto the foot of God, 
Middle Centuries, the Age of Whose throne is the firmament, 
Florescence. Western Literature of Who walks in the evening air . 

• 



THE SOUL AND CULTURE 
(To the Image of God He Created Him) 

Address given on July 12, 1942 

Last week we discussed the forces no body can sustain an endless 
which form a culture or a people's struggle. The temple of Janus can-
attitude to Life. When a race b e- not for eve r k eep open its doors. 
comes a power on the earth, it is Among our peoples of the United 
due to some superiority which it Nations today, it is the vision of a 
possesses and-this is important- last ing Peace which sends us to 
which it must maintain if it is to War. Not for the sake of blood or 
endure. A people must be faithful plunder or booty are we embattled, 
to the spirit, to the dynamic which but for a security which should 
has given them preemin ence; of allow us to m ainta in the tradition 
necessity, therefore, the spirit can- of the Race and follow the destiny 
not b e alien to the racial tradition. of our Culture. 
It cannot be artificially imposed or Last week we saw that certain 
continued because the vitality of ideas must arise in the experience 
the spirit lies in its harmony with of any people, simply from the fact 
the object it inspires. Today m any of livin g. Also that in the forma-
nations have adopted a dynamic of tive stages of Culture, the act of 
Force. Certain l eaders are placing living will involve simple, essential 
an exclusive emphasis upon physi- relations with the land and its 
cal prowess-a very partial a nd not beauty, with the God who created 
the noblest aspect of human nature. it and saw it was good, with Death 
Chesterton in his superb poem, and the subsequent journey of the 
"The Balla d of the White Horse" Soul, with the good and evil life. 
depicts such m en, 

"The N orthmen came upon our land 
A Christless Chivalry 
Who knew not of the arch or pen, 
Great, beautiful, half-witted men 
From the sun rise and the sea-

This dynamic born in blood can 
only end in exhaustion; for man is 
not body alone and even if he were, 

All these ideas come eas ily and 
have come universally from the 
necessity of adjustment to the 
World. In the first stage of a Cul-
ture-which we call the Age of 
Acceptance-the essential aspects 
of life are seen with exceptionally 
clear insi ght. In Wonderland, 
Alice was experimenting with pills 
which made her arm grow large 



THE SOUL AND CULTURE 11 

and then grow small. When it pro- vantages over it. But it was pos-
truded through the window, the sible for us to come thus far in our 
Rabbit insisted, that so large a cultural inheritance by the wisdom 
thing could not be an arm. The of our progenitors and · their ex-
gardener replied, "It's an arm for perience. 
all that, yer Honour." In the gar- In the Age of Acceptance, the 
dener's experience, the size of that opposition of matter to spirit, of 
arm was quite an accidental thing. soul to body, of perdurance to tran-
It did not alter the fact that it was sition, is obvious. The hierarchical 
An arm which was either large or disposition of the world is accepted. 
small. You probably will have ob- There is no silly romanticism like 
served that persons who live close Burn's poem on the Field Mouse, 
to the soil have an unusually good 

"I'm truly sorry Man's dominion · 
grasp of the impli cation of essen- Hath broken Nature's social 
tial and accidental things . The 
reason lies in the simplicity and 

union." 

reality of their life. It is a royal The world is for man "to dress it, 
prince that discusses "To be or not and to keep it" (Genesis 2 :15), and 
to be." Autolycus could not under- upon the face of it, he is the 
stand such discussions. Homer noblest creature. The Book of 
leaves so delicate a question to the Genesis says, "Let us make man to 
gods. It is in periods of decline our own image and likeness: and let 
that fund amental facts are ques- him have dominion over the fishes 
tioned. Historically, it is easy to of the sea, and the fowls of the 
notice the connection between deca- air, and the beasts, and the whole 
dence and skepticism. St. Paul saw earth, and every creeping creature 
the altar to the unknown god in that moveth upon the earth" (Gene-
the Agora. Trajan, before death, sis 1 :26). 
fears he is becoming a god. Scio- The preeminence of man is estab-
li sm is born and the middle ages Ii shed and his dominion over the 
pass. Arnold writes on Dover lower creation asserted. And the 
Beach. reason of his excell ence? "... to 

One of the most useful exercises his own image, to the image of God 
which, in our present crisis, we he created him" (Genes i s 1 :27)-
might practice is the development "and breathed into his face the 
of a deep reverence for the tradi- breath of life, and man became a 
t ion of the Race. We cannot go back living soul" (Genesis 2 :7). 
to the past and we have many ad- The hierarchy of creation is per-



12 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

fected and the soul is the cause of our culture has wrought, of the 
the distinction. We have somewhat language which we have developed, 
lost this idea in confusions of evo- of the art which will · tell future 
lution and materialism. It is im- generations of our passing. It is 
perative to restore it if the dignity endowed with enormous powers and 
of the individual and his liberties most delicate faculties, and in God'.g 
are ever to return again to the design, it is encharged with the di-
thought of man-"Thy creature rection of our bodies, and the ac-
whom I found so fair." There can complishment and maintenance of 
be no distinctive or lasting culture the harmonies of life. 
or security or happiness until the In the tradition of the race, the 
inviolable, inalienable dignity of Soul is never confounded with mat-
man ·in his unique composition of ter. After its tenure of the body 
body and soul is again set up, again is over, it will fare out alone. It 
vindicated. From consideration of will not die. Its nature is in-
this perfection come innumerable dicated by its constant struggle for 
cultural institutions, the rights of articulation. It is the Soul which 
trial, laws affecting liberty of moves the artist to impose his sign 
thought, action, expression. the upon the stone, to stamp upon en-
spirit of the constitutions of the during immobile matter the mark 
great democracies, and the hate of the spirit, to demonstrate the 
of tyranny and despotism. superiority of spiritual essence. It 

This soul of man, unlimited by is the soul which inspires the poet 
space or matter, impenetrable and to mould the word form to lofty 
secret, endlessly active, impatient, thought "fretted to dulcet jars and 
too, of the cords of body, struggling silvern chatter the pale ports of 
ever to express itself, to reach a the moon" ... to deliver itself of 
higher air. Plato was swept be- a mighty message. 
yond the world in the considera- It will be a confused message, 
tion of its excellence; Augustine like the centaur, like the pedestal at 
wrote of it in his fairest words. Lucknor. But the tradition of the 
The perfection of the soul is the race will insist that the spirit is not 
science of Catholicism. In a mod- matter. 
ern world, it is made subject ut- Full of nimble and fiery shapes, 
terly to matter. the soul becomes the directive force 

The soul is the principle, the in culture. It takes the things of 
dynamic of being. It is the source its experience to weld them into a 
of the imperishable works which scheme of life. Gradually the mind 



THE SOUL AND CULTURE 13 

are gone. They were not a primi- fixes the essential and accidental 
tive or original state because all r elationships between itself and the 
peoples are monotheistic in the be- body and between both and the 
ginning. They were not an evolu- cosmos. The adjustment is made 
tion but a devolution. The altar to and the age of acceptance is over. 
the unknown god is deserted. The The period of fruition , when the 
Pantheon is closed. The sands blow culture enters an age of florescence, 
around Karnac. The Gods of Egypt of splendor, begins. 
and of India are confounded, for Throughout all history you will 
over the whole earth broods the notice these eras in the life of any 
spirit of the Almighty Immutable people or nation. The walls of the 
God. Before Him there is no city are built, the Sabines subdued, 
Frenchman nor Teuton nor Briton. and the wars are over. There is 
He is God over all the earth and time to enjoy the arts of Peace and 
the fulness thereof. The Pope in embellish the simple life with the 
Rome is his Vice-gerent, Father of amenities of tranquility. It was 
every soul in Christendom. The so in Rome, in Greece, in China, 
ideal of unity is achieved and the in India, throughout all history. 
tradition of the race perfected. Literature will be perfected. 

It was a glorious moment in Architectu re will be ennobled. All 
Western Culture. The common the arts will advance in a new con-
Faith allowed common ground up- cord. The length of the Age of 
on which accidental differences- Florescence will depend on how long 
.and they were many-might be ad- the tradition of the Race is main-
justed. The liturgical act was tained in purity. 
unique-the Sacrifice of the Mass In Europe, the Age of Florescence 
-offered up to God from the r 'ising was attained in the Middle Cen-
to the setting of the sun. It was turies-1200-1400 A. D. The Tra-
the common Altar at which all the dition of the Race was combined in 
peoples of the earth might gather the synthesis of a universal Ca-
in the same "ecumenical" intent- tholicism, which added the divine 
the essential, social, corporate act clarity of Revelation to the natural 
of worship, understood in its high truths of life. The accretions and 
significance by everyone. 

To judge this time accurately, 
there are two works of the age 
which are helpful-one is the Dies 
,lrae- the funeral hymn used at 

confusions of unaided reason were 
discarded in the Christian Dispensa-
tion and the adjustment to living 
perfected in its essential relations. 

The animal-gods and nature-gods 



14 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

Every form of medieval life mass-the other, the Divine Com-
moved in the great synthesis of edy. 
culture. The object of terrestrial The Dies Irae is based upon the 
existence was to make a fit prepara- inevitable end of the body and jour-
tion for a perpetual life hereafter. ney of the soul. Whether one be 
The King was the steward of God rich or poor, mighty or lowly, there 
among his people-minist'er Dei- comes a day when the difference 
Dante calls him in De Monarchia. of station is abolished and the soul 
The divine right of kings is not must answer for its deeds of evil or 
a medieval idea, but an Elizabethan of good before the king of all crea-
one-a corr'olary to the Queen's as- ted things-Very God of Very God. 
sumption of the Papacy in England. The thought established the purpose 
The subject of the King must do of life-to live so that they might 
him reverence and in all lawful merit favorable judgment. What-
things obedience, but the subject ever the station of a man, it was 
had certain rights through his dig- but a stewardship; and the ulti-
nity as a man-a creature of body 
and soul. 

Many fell short of this high ideal 

mate judgment was not according 
to the eyes of men but after the 
eyes of God, who saw into the deep-

of living. How lamentably short er heart. 
it is only necessary to read con- The theme of the Dies I rae rests 
temporary documents like the upon so profound a conviction, that 
Vision of Piers Plowman to dis- the poet is swept into a magnifi-
cover, but there was one advantage cence of language which defeats re-
then that we have not now-the production in our tongue. Swine-
nature of s in was commonly rec- burne, who made a rather accurate 
ogniz ed and the distinction between translation, does not attempt to 
right and wrong evident : The tra- translate the lines Rex Tremendae 
dition of the Race and the fixed Maiestatis . The sublimity was be-
laws in the heavens had established yond him. 
a norm or canon of conduct in ac- The , Divine Comedy is a larger 
cord with the rational nature of synthes is of Medieval Thought. The 
man. A culture is perfected when soul passes through hell, purga-
it is universally received as in har- tory, and heaven. It sees the fate 
mony with the essentials of life. of those who refused the soul the 
The medieval mind achieved this preeminence of its nature and al-
synthesis. It began in the belief lowed the body an indulgence above 
in God and proceeded logically to its rights. 



THE SOUL AND CULTURE 15 

the deductions therefrom. It pre-
occupied itself with the soul and 
holiness. A holy man would be 
a good citizen-an educated man 
might not be. He might be a very 
great villain. 

" The mind is its own place a ' d 
in itself, 

Can make a heaven of hell, a hell 
of heaven." 

' j 

The discipline of the sOllI is 
achie>;ed by the practice of the 
spiritual life-the virtues of purity, 
of humility, of all those acts which 

Here is a noteworthy difference 
between modern and medieval 
thought. We seek to educate rath-

a r e essential to right living. It is 
er to escape the consequ ences of 

surprisin g today how mu ch caution 
sin than to make holy to avoid sin. 
The medieval mind was more logical 
and grasped better the essential 
aspect of evil. 

To the perfection of the soul, 

ha s taken the pl ace of purity as a 
virtue. 

From the body, too, there was 
danger to the harmony of culture. 
It was of the earth, earthy, prone 

extreme care was given. Because to passions which in the union of 
of its excellence, it was the prin- the holy body, might deordinate the 
ciple directing bodily activities, and soul. The body was subjected to 
it should be cultivated so that al- material di scipline-hardness of 
ways the soul would vindicate its life and mortification. The great 
superiority over matter. Had we saints-like B enedict, who rescued 
the time, I would r ead to you a let- the world from crisis, and Francis 
ter of Pope Pius II, on the educa- of Assisi, who wedded Lady Poverty 
tion of a young prince, which might - schooled themselves in discipline. 
be studied with advantage today. Like the ancient Greeks, Francis 
The soul was the discipli'nary force saw mon ey as the curse on mankind 
in living. If it was not disciplined, from the angry gods. 
the cord of Adam, of the flesh, Thus was the Western Culture 
might easily bind it to material founded. The imperfections of the 
subservience. H ence the emphasis early ages were rectifi ed and a uni-
on sins of pride of intellect when versal disciplin e of Faith imposed 
the soul, exulting in its excellence, on the entire synthesis. The Age 
forgot that it was limited, forgot of Florescence was achieved; and 
an inherent weakness and debility. it is fill ed with great names and 
The soul is the elan vital of the glorious deeds. Louis of France, 
body; it must also be the frein vital. H enry VI of England, Charles IV 
Milton puts the thought well, of Bohemia-Innocent III; Fra An-



16 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

gelico, Michelangelo-Da Vinci; The West had captured an ideal 
the roll of their honor is endless, -the Vision of God upon and in the 
and of their fame who shall tell. whole world. 



THE MATTER OF CULTURE 
Address given on July 19, 1942 

The body dies and the soul lives; grosser things-a surfeit of the 
hence the chief prescription of the more elaborate amenities of living 
Christian life lies with the develop- has produced racial weakness, 
ment of the soul. But this body no which when unchecked, ends in 
less is sanctified by reason of the complete collapse. Augustus after 
union which obtains between it and 
the spirit. In the Catholic Culture, 
the body is the Temple of the Holy 
Ghost, bound in sanctity to the in-
dwelling spirit of Holiness. The 
sacramental ritual of the Church 
never omits stressing this high des-

this fashion, rebukes Anthony, 

"when thou once 
Wast beaten from Modena, where 

thou slew'st 
Hirtius and Pansa, counsuls; at 

thy heel 
Did Famine follow: whom thou 

tiny. In the baptismal service, the fought'st against 
water will typify the spiritual lus- Though daintily brought up, with 
tration and the rite will anathema-
tize the evil spirit, ordering him to 
give place to the Holy Ghost. The 

patience more 
Than savages could suffer: thou 

didst drink 
body must share in the discipline The stale of horses and the gilded 
as well as in the destiny of the puddle 

soul. It is the matter, as the soul Which beasts would cough at: thy 
is the form, of culture. palate then did deign, 

In all the great traditional atti- The roughest berry on the rudest 
tudes to culture, the subservience hedge; 
of the body to the soul is demand- . Yea, like the stag, when snow the 
ed. Not only is it a point of the pasture sheets 
Catholic synthesis, but it is an- The barks of trees thou browsed'st 
other fact derived from the tradi- On the Alps 
tion of the race, learned from the It is reported thou didst eat 
bitter act of living. It has been strange flesh, 
found that a people given over to Which some did die to look on: 
excessive indulgence rapidly decline and all this 
in power and influence. Nor is it It wounds thine honour that I 
necessary to imply luxuriance in speak it now-



18 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

Was borne so like a soldier that promise of his day but only if he 
thy cheek be faithful to the lesson of his 

So much as lanked not" (Shakes- youth. "A wise son," says the Book 
peare, Anthony and Cleopatra 1. of Proverbs, "heareth the doctrine 
IV) of his father" (Proverbs 13 :1). 

Anthony had succumbed to the The cultural crisis, either to the 
siken eas~ of Egypt and her queen. individual or to the race, arises 
The shadow of Actium was already after the period of formation. The 

len gthening upon him. 

The danger to a virile culture is 
always present. In the first ages of 
a people's history, the r ealities of 
life and the struggle for a djust-
ment keep the peril in abeyance; 
and the culture maintain s a stark 
simplicity. It is the pursuit of the 
common virtues of .living; purity, 
temperance, and the practices of 
charity which erect the culture and 
bring it to florescence. When it at-
tains its growth, it is in possession 
of the harmony of adjustment, it 
is stepping from the dawn to the 
noon sun and its face is towards the 
light-unless it can find means to 
sustain the h eats of the day. The 

dynamic exhausts itself in th e in-
toxication of enthusiasm. Anthro-
pologists call it the 'cultural lag.' 
The evidence for its occurrence is 
historical. We see great nations 
ri,se and fall--civilizations appear 
and vanish, the Burden of Moab, 
the Burden of Egypt, and the Bur-
den of Babylon. "It shall no more 
be inhabited forever, and it shall 
not be founded unto generation and 
generation; neither shall the Arab-
ian pitch his tents there, nor shall 
shepherds rest there" (Isaias 13: 
20) . "And owls shall answer one 
another there, in the houses there-
of, and sirens in the temples of 
pleasure" (Isaias 13 :22). 

power to maintain the culture lies From history it might seem al-
in maintaining the spirit of it in most inevitable that decadence fol-
positive vigor. What I have said is lows the period of florescence. But 
not alone applicable to a people in it is not a categoric of sequence. 
general. It has vital individualistic It is because no effort is made to 
import. The growth of a man is preserve the dynamic, the spirit, 
his age of acceptance. It is his in eminence. As an evil lethargy, 
time of tra ining, education, disci- possession begets indolence and 
pline. When he passes from growth s a f e t y generates carelessness. 
to manhood, he enters his age of There is a popular phrase, "It can't 
fl orescence. He will · fulfill the happen here." There is food for 



THE MATTER OF CULTURE 19 

thought, much thought, in these tends to luxury. The ephebos will 
words. be whipped at the altar of the god-

In Chapter 44, yerse 4-5 of Jere- dess so that he is enured to hard-
mias, it is written, "And I sent you ship. The initiation ceremonies of 
all my servants the prophets, rising many tribes today have the same 
early, and sending, and saying: Do intent. The result of this pagan 
not commit this abominable thing, discipline led to an apotheosis of 
which I hate. But they heard not, the body and to a coarser, lower 
nor inclined their ear ... " view of spiritual values. To Pin dar, 

Always when the signs of de- there is no perfection worth much 
cadence appear, there are valiant outside wrestling. The dithyramb 
men who give warning of the peril. of Timotheos supplants the high 
The signs may appear slight to the religious significance of the dance. 
unthinking, but when much is at Materialistic philosophies rise, the 
stake, no care' is small . The pro- noses of the Hermes are cut off and 
phet of course is slain. the power of Greece steadily wanes. 

In the human composite, the dis- In Rome, it is the same. Petronius 
cipline to maintain culture must be becomes Arbiter Elegantianum and 
exercised in both the body and the the Gods are scorned. 
soul. In the Christian culture, the The attempt to invoke a disci-
sanction behind this discipline lies pline failed becau~e the sanction 
in the supernatural order. It is demanded for the discipline was 
this which gives our culture its 
divine permanence. All the great 
historical cultures have invoked a 
discipline to maintain the purity of 
their tradition-Asoka in India, 
Amenhotep in Egypt, Laotzo in 
China, Pericles in Greece, Cato in 
Rome. Their object in doing so, 
however, was utilization and, ulti-
mately, transitory. They did, how-
ever, realize that the preservation 
of hard virtue is the best guaran-
tee of the preservation of the race. 
The Dorian and Phrygian modes 
will be permitted but the Lydian 
abandoned . Like the Median, it 

not in harmony with an essential 
element of the adjustment. It is the 
part of Christianity to invoke the 
discipline as a means of assisting 
man-a creature of body and soul-
to arrive, not only at earthly hap-
piness, but at Beatitude before 
the throne of God. 

The discipline of the body, 
therefore, is a part of the Christian 
way of living. And it is h a rd be-
cause the appetites and passions of 
men resist restraint. It is doubly 
hard because human nature in the 
individual must submit to it, and 
the individual must again accept it 



20 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

in maintaining his attitude to his trol, curb and keep in harmony the 
neighbor (the sociological aspect), soul and body. In the matter of 
and to his God (the theological as- culture, experience shows him that 
pect). if he does not use his will to this 

The great mediaeval saints mor- purpose, bodily indul gence will 
tified their bodies in a manner at bring on physical collapse and, be-
which some people affect horror. cause the union of the body and 
The saints would have been shock- soul is of a nature so intimate, 
ed at the way some modern people mental desuetude will follow. When 
pamper their bodies with far more a Race abandons restraint in any 
deleterious results. The saints were of its cultural institutions, such as 
intent on attaining virtue-St. education for example, racial des-
Francis accepted poverty because uetude will follow. "Noble thoughts 
his riches were keeping him from and noble deeds" was the advice 
seeing the glory of God's creation. given the neophyte in the days of 
He wrote a beautiful ode to the sun. Zarathustra. The stories of the 
I have never read in modern psy- heroes must be told to children in 
chology anything about virtue. I the Platonic system, to fire them 
think it is now called an inhibition. with the desire for noble things. 
But when virtue goes out from the 

The daily incid ence of sorrow 
will of the Race, death follows. This 
is Truth. 

Catholicism declares discipline, a 
necessity for the full perfection of 
man-and in certain things of dis-
cipline, it will make no compromise 
because they are essential things. 
Here arises another difficulty of 
the Catholic life. It is hard and 
at times exceedingly bitter for the 
body and for the mind, to submit 
to ri gor ou s conformity, but this is 
exactly wh at is demanded in the 
realm of essential doctrine and 
morality. 

Unlike the brute creation, which 

must be used by the Catholic to 
strengthen him in the day of more 
grievous temptation ... under the 
sting of the flesh as Saint Paul 
calls it. Bravery may indeed be-
and generally is-a spontaneous 
act but endurance is the result of 
practice and of schooling. This is 
what is meant when we say that a 
culture must be h ard. It is also 
the difference which exists between 
a cultured person and a sophisti-
cated person ... between simplesse 
and simplicite. 
ago I read a line 

Somewhere long 

in activity is directed by instinct, "I sat in the school of sorrow 
man is endowed with a will, to con- The Master was teaching there . .. 



THE MATTER OF CULTURE 21 

It exemplifies a point in the Cath- pIe and the incurably sick are kill-
olic culture. Through sorrow and ed so that the tribe is not embar-
thro ugh pain we must arrive at rassed with their care. The same 
holiness. Behind the Star of Beth- idea is not foreign to the modern 
lehem, there hangs the shadow of mind. How different from Saint 
the Cross. There is an unbridge- Paul who asked the Almighty God 
able cultural chasm between our that he might burn here, rath er 
idea and for example the idea of than suffer afterwards. 
the poet who wrote 

"Come in the fire of spring 
The winter garment of repentance 

fling 

For the high vision of God a 
great detachment from the body 
and from the lower movements of 
the passions is incumbent on the 
cultured Catholic. It is a heavy 
demand . . . not one founded in 

The bird of time has little way to 
fly 

servile fear but one proceeding 
And 10, the bird is on the wing ... 

from deep love ... a love so strong 
But all that Omar Khayyam could to God that it fears lest anything 
suggest to mark the passing of his should lessen it. 
days was an upturned glass upon In the Hound of Heaven, Thomp-
hi s grave. You will observe one son pictures the abnegation de-
thing, that no philosophic attitude manded by the Almighty Lover of 
such as the P er sian's here endure. Souls 
The Sufi rose against it as an ig-
noble interpretation of life and 
Rabia died, for the value of pain,. 

, 
Naked I wait thy Love's uplifted 

stroke 
My harness piece by piece Thou 

To imagine th at in this life we hast hewn from me 
can escape suffering utterly is, 

And smitten me to the knee 
rather childish. The Classic writ-

I am defenceless utterly . . 
ers declare th at no man can be 
called h appy until after he is dead. Do you remember once when it was 
The Ancient world was very wise evening in Galilee and Christ spoke 
but we do not know its wisdom suf- to the rich young man? If you 
ficiently. For the Christian th e would be perfect, give up all and 
value of pain lies in the acceptance follow me. Peter and the others 
of it as a source of purification . To had given up all but they were only 
the materialist pain is naturally fishermen and had little to give up. 
abhorrent ... It is an absolute evil. The rich and good young man 
In some primitive tribes, old peo- glanced down into the valley. Ser~ 



22 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

vants were working in his fields, knew and loved. Slowly he walked 
the home of his fathers and his own down to his holdings . . . a good , 
lay hidden among the , trees, the young man . But Jesus stood the 
brooks and the meadow there he while, looking out beyond the world. 



THE CULTURAL SYNTHESIS 
Address given on July 26, 1942 

In the course of these lectures, fails to maintain its fire, shows a 
we have discuss ed the meaning of gradual etiolation and dies. You 
culture and the realities implied by will easily be able to mark these 
the word. In the last two addresses, periods in the history of any race. 
we noticed the par t played by the Innumerable wr'iters of modern 
Soul and the part played by the times declare this evolution of cul-
Body, the two constituent elements ture to be inevitable. In the eternal 
of human nature, in the formation flux of things, the spirit also 
of a cultural synthesis. Underlying changes from youth to old age and 
all these ideas is the irrefutable thence to death. 
lesson of History and the experi- Catholicism denies the theory 
ence and tradition of the race. that the cosmic evolution categori-

There are definite stages of de- cally demands the passing of the 
velopment in the cultural life. The cultural form. We hold that cer~ 
formative period ·or Age of Accept- tain truths of their very nature are 
ance, when a people undertake the immutable and eternal, "fixed in the 
labor of establishment. This is a Heavens," and that they underlie 
time of realism; not realism in the the entire superstructure of life; 
modern literary sense where the furthermore, that if these truths 
word is used in stead of "sordid," are ignored, no basis of culture can 
but a realism which implies a be found which will sustain adjust-
healthy attitude to life and its ment to the world and if any other 
problems. It is an age involved, if fundament is used, it will collapse. 
I may use the word, with the soil The great danger to the cultural 
an d with the natural life. It is a synthes is arises at the zenith of the 
time, too, of simplicity of soul. In-
cidentally, it is a time of idealism 
an d poetry. 

Age of Florescence. It arises from 
what Saint Paul may have under-
stood as Pride of Life. The stability 

The next period is the Age of which has followed the years of 
Florescence, of splendor, when the struggle b egets an assurance, a 
fruit of a wise adjustment to life sense of power in the race. The 
is gathered. Finally, comes the amenities of living are vastly in-
cultural collapse or decadence or creased and the hours of leisure 
moribund stage when the dynamic multi plied. The creative spirit ful-



24 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

fills itself in a new enthusiasm and zation is easy to follow. From 1500 
s uccumbs to the arrogance of youth. on, there is a gradual decline in the 

spiritual interpretation of the des-
"In the rash lustihead of my young 

tiny of man. The individual be-
powers, 

gins to lose his unique place in the 
I shook the pillaring hours 

hierarchical order of creation. The 
And pulled my life upon me: 

more he asserts his complete auto-
grimed with smears 

nomy, the more he loses it. The 
I stand amid the dust 0' the 

more he abandons the sanctions of 
mound ed years 

God, the more confused become his 
My mangled youth lies dead be-

steps. It is the story of Daedalus 
neath the heap .... " 

again, although the scene is 
The words I have quoted you changed. 

were written' to express the result The crucial years began towards 
of an individual arrogance. With a the end of the last century. An 
race it is the same. There is a sim- Engl ish Poet, Swinburne, became 
ilar burst of exultancy and a like the high priest of the New Spirit. 
assertion of autonomy. There is an He wrote his famous Hymn to Man, 
impatience which resists the bit and of the God Whom he has met 
and would break from the reins. It these many years past, he said: 
happened in Greece, in Rome , it "The bow of your Godhead is 
happened everywhere. In Europe, it broken, the arm of your conquest is 
happened around 1500 A.D. stayed." For a thought like this, 

The period in the history of the Euripides had Pentheus torn to 
West is called sometimes the new pieces by Agave. The poem may be 
learning. It was a reintroduction used to mark the first rejection in 
of classic thought and classic ideal- the Western Culture of an elp,ment 
ism. The appeal of all this thing without which no peoples have suc-
lay in the freedom it promised; a cessfully made adjustment to life. It 
liberty outside of God, of Church, is very different from the thought 
and of morality-a defiance of the expressed by Benjamin Franklin in 
traditions of the Race. A point his convention address at Phila-
often forgotten is that the New delphia, when he states that the 
Spirit was borrowed from an Age longer he lived, the more certain 
of Decadence in another civiliza- he became of the Providence of God 
tion and that this same spirit pre- in the affairs of man. It is a ter-
saged the end of a people. rible crime to reject God. 

The moribund stage in our civili- The second rejection in the cul-



THE CULTURAL SYNTHESIS 25 

tural synthesis followed the ad- paramount position of the mind, 
vance in technologies. Almost every was without significance to the new 
day was characterized by new spirit. It was an endocri~e or gland 
mechanical discoveries. The open which could make a hell of heaven 
sesame appeared to lie in material or a heaven of hell. The spiritual 
progress. An increasing disregard part of man was debased to the ser-
was felt for any m etaphysical inter- vice of the body. 
pretation of life. Thought had The evangel of materialism swept 
never, while pre-occupied with the the earth. The ideals upon which 
problems of existence, discovered a our culture was formed were dis-
turbine. Tennyson felt the spell of carded. The life of a saint, medi-
it and wrote, in Locksley Hall, 

"For I dipped into the future far as 
human eye could see 

Saw the Vision of the World and 

tating in the solitude of a cell, was 
considered a sign of insanity-a 
victim of the superstition of the 
Dark Ages. 

The emphasis of the New Era 
all the wonder that would be 

was thrown entirely upon earthly 
Till the war-drum throbb ed no 

happiness, and the abandonment of 
longer and the battle flags were 

furled 
In the Parliament of Man, the 

Federation of the World." 

all restraint. One should live as one 
wanted to but not as one should. 
The idea of discipline collapsed. 
Education and the art of learn ing 

The soul was relegated to a pure were reduced to pastimes. On all 
biologic function-the secretion of 
thought as the liver secretes bile. 
Religion suffered much the same 
fate. The part of the Church in the 
national life was lessened and 
governmental parties took over the 
duties of the priesthood. The basis 
of morality was no longer placed in 
the natural law, but in the general 
scheme of evolution. A great new 
hope filled the world and a sense of 
freedom unfettered by the shadow 
of God touched the earth. 

fundamental questions there was no 
sure doctrine. It might or it might 
not be. Every hope of cultural unity 
was shattered beyond repair. But 
the cry still went up to the heav-
ens, "We are free," and the device 
upon the banners of the century 
was a symbol of Milll. 

Then someth ing went wrong with 
the whole scheme. The city of Man 
crashed and fell where it stood- The 
milleni urn did not come a nd the 
Utopia was not realized. The mind, 

The great phrase of Milton which no longer contemplating eternal 
I quoted you b~fore, concerning the verities, engaged itself in the pro-



26 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

duction of engines of war. The body realization of this which has per-
surfeited with lu xury turned to the mitted the Popes to make such 
husks of swine. The individual for accurate prognostications of the 
whose liberation the whole doctrine future. How clearly did Gregory 
was developed, beaame f ar less in XVI warn us of all that is happen-
the order of creation than ever be- ing today. 
fore in history. Indeed if he ven- Whether one be a Christian or 
tured to assert his claim to liberty, not, no one can say that any more 
he was ordered to the death. beautiful vision of the world has 

Thus fa r to 1942. We are in been conceived than ours. There · 
crisis greater than any the West has been none more noble, none 
has known. The traditions, insti- more glorious, none more charit-
tutions, and ideals by which we able. The Christian soul is swept 
were begotten are no longer ac- from the limits of the world and 
cepted. The reason that we have stands facing out to the eternal 
not been precipitated into peril be- years. He is not alone. Before him 
fore this lies in the dying strength are the holy ones who have fought 
of our sanctions. But they are now the good fight, kept the Faith, and 
in their agony and we must shift stand before the throne of God. He 
for ourselves. has been consecrated in Baptism 

I have said that the Christian cul- unto God , elevated above brute 
tural attitude was a hard one. I creation. He is in a militant sense 
mean that it is realistic. It does not sanctified to the communion of 
waste time upon romantic notions Saints. And beside him is his 
nor r ebel in despair against the ap- brother, like him, a holy thing in 
parent difficulties of life. It ac- God's design. And this almighty 
cepts this world as a time for the Lord hath given him free will to 
pilgrimage of the sou l and it order and direct his mortal life in 
keeps always a nice regard for the holiness. 
creatures that we are. Christianity 

"Our wills are ours, we know not 
has a rare sense of life. You will 

how 
not find in any modern psychology 
a clearer insight into human nature 
than that you will discover in the 

Our wills are ours to make them 
thine." 

moral theologies of the past. At Again we may reflect on the mat-
best, you will find a few n ew names tel' of holiness. It is the result of 
for very old things. There is noth- discipline of the mind, to prevent it 
ing new under the sun. It is the from illogical aberr~tions, and of 



THE CULTURAL SYNTHESIS 27 

the body, to keep it from a purely ture must seek anew the sources of 
animal life. It is perfected in the its pristine vitality and it must be 
exercise of virtue and in the prac- strengthened again in the waters of 
tice of restraint. Outside the eternal life. 
churches now, few speak of holiness 
-none of restraint. Yet if these 
things be forgotten, nature itself 
teaches them and the lesson is 
harder and more bitter than when 

The finality of our culture is per-
fected in charity. It was demon-
strated in the supreme charity of 
Jesus Christ. In the moment when 
elevated above the world, limp and 

their cultivation is freely under-
taken. 

livid upon the tree of His ignomony, 
the cry of His Agony is the evangel 

In the ideal of personal holiness, 
of our Hope-"who hath 80 lov~d 

we have reached the apex of cul-
ture, religion, and the vision of 

the world." 

God. It has been called a lie, a su- We must go through times of 801'-
perstition; but in one hundred row and sacrifice and discipline, to 
years of free thinking, nothing has secure the liberty for which we are 
equalled it, nothing has reached be- embattled. We must go back to the 
yond it. Nor has the lot of man common ordinary standards of na-
been bettered outside of it. There ture to develop and strengthen our 
is more misery and there is more r ace. We must nouri sh a high 
sin and death still walks upon the idealism, untarni sh ed by popular 
land. One hundred years of prog- flippancy or scepticism if we are to 
ress unto this cataclysmic war. . .. obtain the promise of our struggle. 

And above all, we mu st seek all 
"Yea faileth now the lute the lutan-

over again, from the traditions of 
our forefathers, to learn the lesson 

And the dream the dreamer .... " 
of life, to restore to each man the 

ist 

"It is an ill wind that blows no dignity which he should, as a creat-
good," says the proverb. After so ure of body and soul, possess. 
much bootless hope, one might for- It t akes very littl e to make the 
give a deep despair. And yet des- cultured man content. Goldsmith 
pair is as much a sin as foolish put it thus, 
hope. Out of this thing can come a 
great and lasting good, if we turn 
ourselves back to the interpretation 

"Man wants but little here below 
Nor wants that littl e long .... " 

of life established by our cultural All anyone, except the utterly un-
tradition. The dynamic of our cul- disciplined, requ ires has been well 



28 THE CATHOLIC AND CULTURE 

summed up in the four freedoms. It is the high office of religion to 
Freedom to worship God according demonstrate the truth of this; in 
to the logic of the mind; freedom these hard days, to show the higher 
of expression; freedom from fear; hope, to illumine what is dark in 
and freedom from want in his elder men and what is weak to raise and 
years. But to gain these things, to support. And for the rest, to 
there is necessity to practice char- leave it in the hands of God-there 
ity and holiness lest the liberty be will be place for all of us some-
perverted to a license and blood where under the shadow of His 
again be on the face of the earth. wings. 

1 



THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHOLIC HOUR 
(Extract from the address of the late Patrick Cardinal Hayes 

at the inaugural program of the Catholic Hour in the 
studio of the National Broadcasting Company, New 
York City, March 2, 1930.) 

Our congratulations and our gratitude are extended to the 
National Council of Catholic Men and its officials, and to all 
who, by their financial support, have made it possible to use 
this offer of the National Broadcasting Company. The heavy 
expense of managing and financing a weekly program, its 
musical numbers, its speakers, the subsequent answering of 
inquiries, must be met .... 

This radio hour is for all the people of the United States . 
To our fellow-citizens, in this word of d edication, we wish to 
express a cordial greeting and, indeed, congratulations. For 
this radio hour is one of service to America, which certainly 
will listen in interestedly, and even sympathetically, I am 
sure, to the voice of the ancient Church with its historic 
background of all the centuries of the Christian era, and 
with its own notable contribution to the discovery, explora-
tion, foundation and growth of our glorious country .... 

Thus to voice before a vast public the Catholic Church is 
no light task. Our prayers will be with those who have that 
task in hand. We feel certain that it will have both the 
good will and the good wishes of the great majority of our 
countrymen. Surely, there is no true lover of our Country 
who does not eagerly hope for a less worldly, a less material, 
and a more spiritual standard among our people. 

With good will, with kindness and with Christ-like sympa-
thy for all, this work is inaugurated. So may it continue. 
So may it be fulfilled. This word of dedication voices, there-
fore, the hope that this radio hour may serve to make known, 
to explain with the charity of Christ, our faith, which we 
love even as we love Christ Himself. May it serve to make 
better uFlderstood that faith as it really is-a light revealing 
the pathway to heaven: a strength, and a power divine 
through Christ; pardoning our sins, elevating, consecrating 
our common every-day duties and joys, bringing not only 
justice but gladness and peace to our searching and quel'-
tioning hearts. . 



104 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS 
In 41 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 
California 

Colorado 
Conn ecticut 
Di strict of Columbia 
Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 
Ind iana 

Kansas 
Kentucky 
Lo u isiana 

Ma ry land 
Massa chusetts 

Michig an 
Minnesota 

M ississippi 
Mis~ouri 

Montana 

Nebra ska 
Nevada 
New H a mpshire 
New M ex ico 

Birmin g h a m ... ... ........................... ......... WBRC 
M obile .................................................... WALA 
Ph oe ni x ... ........ ................... .......... .... ...... KTAR 
Sa fford ....................................... ............. KGLU 
Tu cson ..................... ...... ................... .... .. KV OA 
Y uma · ......... ........................................... KYUM 
littl e Rock ...... .. c . ... ..... . ....... ..... ........... .. KARK 
Bakersf ie ld ... ........ ...... .. ........................ . KERN 
Fresn o ............ ........ ............. ...... .............. ... KMJ 
Los A ngeles .......................... ................ .. KECA 
Sa cramento ....................... ....... .............. KFB K 
Snn F' "o n cisco . ___ . ___ _______ ._ . ___ . __ . __ _____ .. ______ _ . __ K PO 
Stockton ...........•............•......................... KWG 
Denve r ..... ...... ........................................... KOA 
Hartford .......•. ............ ......... ..........•....... WTIC· 

960 kc 
1410 kc 
620 kc 

1450 kc 
1290 kc 
1240 kc 
920 kc 

1410 kc 
5 80 kc 
790 kc 

1530 kc 
6 80 kc 

1230 kc 
850 kc 

1080 kc 
Wash ingt on ..... ........ .................... ... .......... W RC 980 kc 
Jack so nv i l le ....... .......................... ........... WJAX 930 kc 
Lakela nd ...... ....... ................ ................ ... W LA K 1340 kc 
Miami ....... .. ......... ... ... : ........................... WlOD 610 kc 
Pe nsaco la ...... ............. ... ..................... ... W COA 1370 kc 
T a m pa .. ....................... ....... WFLA-WSUN 1970-620 kc 
A tlanta ........... .... ........ .... ......................... WS B 750 kc 
Savannah ............................. .......... ....... WSAV 1340 kc 
80ise ........................ ............. ................... KIDO 1380 kc 
Poca t ello ..................•.......... .................... . KSEI 930 kc 
T w in Fa lls .......... ............... ....................... KTFI 1270 kc 
Chi cago ...... ......... ................... .............. WMAQ 670 kc 
Fort W a y ne ......... ......... .... ...................... WGL 1450 kc 
T erre Haute .................................... ...... WBOW 12 30 kc 
W ichita ........... ................ ....... ....... ........... KANS 1240 kc 
Louisv ille ... .......... ....... : ......................... WAVE· 970 kc 
N ew Orl ean s ............................. ...... .... . WSMB· 1350 kc 
Shreveport ........................................... , .. KTBS 14 80 kc 
Ba ltimore ... ............................. .............. WBAL 1090 kc 
Bost o n ... .... ........................................ .. ... WBZ ' 
Spr ing f ie ld ................... ...... ................. WBZA· 
Detr oit ...... .... ................ .......................... W W J 
Du luth-Superior .......... ....... .................•... WEBC 
Mankat o ....... ............................... .......... K YS M 
M inneapo li s- St . Paul .......... .... ...... ........ .. KSTP 
Roc hest er ................................................ KROC 
St . Cloud ..................... ...... ....... ....... .. ... .. KFAM 
Jackson ......... ........ ' ................................ WJOX 
Kansa s City .. ........................................ WDAF 
Sprin g fi eld ........... .... ...... ......................... KGBX 
Sa int Lo ui s ................. ......... .... .......... ..... . KSD· 
Bi ll in gs .. ......................... ......................... KGHL 
Bozem an ....... .......... ...................... ......... KRBM 
Butte ........................................................ KGIR 
H e lena ............. ..... ................................. . KPFA 

'Om a ha ................... ................................. W OW 
Re no .. ........... ......................................... .. KOH 
Ma nchest er ........... ................... ........... ... WFEA 
Alb uquerq ue ....................... ..................... KOB 

1030 kc 
1030 kc 
950 kc 

1320 kc 
1230 kc 
1500 kc 
1340 kc 
1450 kc 
1300 kc 
610 kc 

1260 kc 
550 kc 
790 kc 

1450 kc 
1370 kc 
1240 kc 

590 kc 
630 kc 

1370 kc 
1030 kc 



104 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS 
In 41 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii 

New York 

North Caroli na 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 
South Carolina 

South Dakota 
Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 
Wisconsi n 
HAWA II 
Short Wave 

• De layed Broadcast 

Buffalo .................................................. WBEN 
New York .......... .................................... WEAF 
Schenectady .. ............................ .............. WGY 
Asheville .................................................. W ISE 
Charlotte ............ ............................... ... WSOC. 
Raleigh .................................................. WPTF 
Winston-Salem ............... ......................... WSJS 
Bismarck .......................................... ..... . KFYR 
Fargo .................................................... WDAY 
C incinnati .............................................. WSAI 
Cleveland .............................................. WTAM 
Columbus .............................................. WCOL 
Dayton ... ... ............ ......... ....................... W I NG 
Lima ...................................................... WLOK 
Spri ngfie ld ............................................ WIZE 
Zanesvi l le .... .......................................... WH IZ 
Oklahoma City ........................................ WKY 
Tulsa .............. ........................................ KVOO 
Medford ................................................ KMED 
Portland .................................................... KEX 

930 kc 
660 kc 
810 kc 

1230 kc 
1240 kc 

680 kc 
600 kc 
550 kc 
970 kc 

1360 kc 
1100 kc 
1230 kc 
1410 kc 
1240 kc 
1340 kc 
1240 kc 
930 kc 

1170 kc 
1440 kc 
1190 kc 

Allent own ....... ....................... : .......... ..... WSAN 1470 kc 
Altoona ........... .................... .... ...... .... ..... WFBG 1340 kc 
Johnstown ............... ............................... WJAC 1400 kc 
Philadelphia ............................................ KYW 1060 kc 
Pittsburgh ... .............. ............................. KDKA 1020 kc 
Reading ..................•......•.•.................. WRAW 1340 kc 
Wilkes-Barre .. ....................... ............ ..... WBRE 1340 kc 
Providence ............. ......................... ...... WJAR 920 kc 
Charleston ...... ................. ............... ...... W T MA 1250 kc 
Columbia •.....................•..•...•..•............... WIS 560 kc 
Fl ore n ce ........... ...................................... . WO LS 1230 kc 
Greenvi ll e ...... ............... ......................... WFBC 1330 kc 
Sioux Falls .......................... KSOO-KELO 11 40-1230 kc 
King sport .............................................. WK PT 1400 kc 
Nashville ........................... ....................... WSM 650 kc 
Amarillo ................................................ KGNC 1440 kc 
Beaumont .............................................. KFDM 560 kc 
EI Paso .. ............... .................. , ................ KTSM 1380 kc 
Fort Worth •...........•..•......................•.. _ KGKO 570 kc 
Houston ................................. ...... _ .......... KPRC 950 kc 
San Antonio ...... _ ... ..... ........... _ ...... ... ...... WOAI 1200 kc 
Weslaco ..... _ ................... _ ........................ KRGV 1290 kc 
Norfolk ....... __ .................. ..................... W TAR · 790 kc 
Richmond .............................................. WMBG 13 80 kc 
Seatt le ...................... ......... _ .............. _ ....... KJ R 1000 kc 
Spokane .......... _ ... _ ............... ... _ ...... _ ..... _ ..... KHQ 590 kc 
Charleston .... _ ................... _._ .......... ..... .. WGKV 1490 kc 
Mad ison ... .............................................. . WI BA 1310 kc 
Honolulu ._ ......................................... ....... KGU 760 kc 
Schenectady ................. _ .. _ ............ ......... WGEO 9.53 mc 

(Rev ised as of April, 1942) 



CATHOLIC HOUR RADIO ADDRESSES IN 
PAMPH LET FORM 

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OUR SUNDAY VISITOR is the authorized publisher of all CATHOLIC 

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"1930-Memories-1940"-The addresses delivered in the Tenth ' Anni-
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"What Kind of a World Do You Want," by Rev. Wilfrid Parsons, S.J., 
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"Law," by Rev. Dr. Howard W. Smith, 40 pages and cover. Single 
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"The Life and Personality of Christ," by Rev. Herbert F. Gallagher, 
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uThe Social Crisis and Christian Patriotism," by Rev. Dr. John F. 
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"Crucial Questions," by Rev. James M. Gillis , C.S.P., 64 pages an'd 
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·'Favorite Texts From The Confessions of St. Augustine," by Rev. 
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"The Purposes of Our Eucharistic Sacrifice," by Rev. Gerald T. Bask-
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