Microsoft Word - December_ITAL_kiscaden_FINAL.docx


Creating	
  a	
  Current	
  Awareness	
  Service	
  
Using	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  and	
  LibGuides	
  

	
  
	
  
	
  	
  	
  

Elizabeth	
  Kiscaden	
  
	
  

INFORMATION	
  TECHNOLOGY	
  AND	
  LIBRARIES	
  |	
  DECEMBER	
  2014	
  	
   	
   	
   51	
  

ABSTRACT	
  

Migration	
  from	
  print	
  to	
  electronic	
  journals	
  brought	
  an	
  end	
  to	
  traditional	
  current	
  awareness	
  services,	
  
which	
  primarily	
  used	
  print	
  routing.	
  The	
  emergence	
  of	
  Real	
  Simple	
  Syndication,	
  or	
  RSS	
  feeds,	
  and	
  email	
  
alerting	
  systems	
  provided	
  users	
  with	
  alternative	
  services.	
  To	
  assist	
  users	
  with	
  adopting	
  these	
  
technologies,	
  a	
  service	
  utilizing	
  aggregate	
  feeds	
  to	
  the	
  library’s	
  electronic	
  journal	
  content	
  was	
  created	
  
and	
  made	
  available	
  through	
  LibGuides.	
  Libraries	
  can	
  reestablish	
  current	
  awareness	
  services	
  using	
  
existing	
  technologies	
  to	
  increase	
  awareness	
  and	
  usage	
  of	
  library-­‐provided	
  electronic	
  journal	
  content.	
  
The	
  current	
  awareness	
  service	
  presented	
  is	
  an	
  example	
  of	
  how	
  libraries	
  can	
  build	
  basic	
  current	
  
awareness	
  services	
  utilizing	
  freely	
  accessible	
  technologies.	
  	
  

CURRENT	
  AWARENESS	
  SERVICES	
  

Library	
  current	
  awareness	
  services,	
  commonly	
  referred	
  to	
  as	
  “table	
  of	
  contents”	
  services,	
  historically	
  
involved	
  the	
  dissemination	
  of	
  information	
  in	
  the	
  form	
  of	
  print	
  journals	
  or	
  photocopied	
  journal	
  
contents	
  routed	
  to	
  library	
  users	
  subscribed	
  to	
  the	
  service.1,2	
  These	
  services	
  have	
  been	
  particularly	
  
popular	
  among	
  corporate,	
  law,	
  and	
  hospital	
  libraries,	
  which	
  routinely	
  route	
  serials	
  to	
  primarily	
  
internal	
  clients.	
  While	
  these	
  paper-­‐based	
  services	
  are	
  still	
  offered	
  at	
  some	
  libraries,	
  most	
  shifted	
  to	
  
an	
  electronic	
  model	
  of	
  service	
  with	
  the	
  migration	
  to	
  electronic	
  journals.	
  

As	
  libraries	
  adopted	
  electronic	
  journals,	
  many	
  paper-­‐based	
  current	
  awareness	
  services	
  transitioned	
  
to	
  an	
  electronic	
  table	
  of	
  contents	
  service	
  utilizing	
  email	
  alerts	
  or	
  referred	
  users	
  to	
  RSS	
  feeds	
  made	
  
available	
  by	
  publishers	
  and	
  database	
  vendors.3	
  A	
  common	
  challenge	
  to	
  a	
  library-­‐managed	
  electronic	
  
table	
  of	
  contents	
  service	
  is	
  the	
  complexity	
  of	
  managing	
  alerts	
  for	
  hundreds	
  of	
  electronic	
  journals	
  for	
  
multiple	
  patrons.	
  More	
  often,	
  libraries	
  make	
  individual	
  users	
  responsible	
  for	
  subscribing	
  to	
  email	
  
alerts	
  or	
  RSS	
  feeds	
  on	
  their	
  own,	
  effectively	
  transferring	
  the	
  responsibility	
  of	
  subscribing	
  to,	
  filtering,	
  
and	
  managing	
  incoming	
  information	
  to	
  the	
  user.	
  

A	
  drawback	
  to	
  this	
  migration	
  is	
  that	
  library	
  users	
  often	
  don’t	
  possess	
  a	
  clear	
  understanding	
  of	
  what	
  
tools	
  are	
  available	
  to	
  create	
  their	
  own	
  service.4	
  Formerly,	
  journals	
  may	
  have	
  arrived	
  on	
  a	
  user’s	
  desk	
  
for	
  perusal,	
  yet	
  now	
  users	
  are	
  required	
  to	
  seek	
  out	
  information	
  independently.	
  Additionally,	
  despite	
  
the	
  number	
  of	
  discovery	
  tools	
  available,	
  library	
  users	
  are	
  often	
  unaware	
  of	
  journals	
  available	
  in	
  an	
  
electronic	
  format	
  through	
  their	
  library.5	
  Information	
  management	
  tools	
  have	
  become	
  necessary	
  in	
  
our	
  current	
  information	
  environment;	
  with	
  the	
  abundance	
  of	
  	
  

	
  

Elizabeth	
  Kiscaden	
  (elizabeth-­‐kiscaden@uiowa.edu),	
  former	
  Library	
  Director	
  at	
  Waldorf	
  College,	
  is	
  
Head,	
  Library	
  Services,	
  Hardin	
  Library	
  for	
  the	
  Health	
  Sciences,	
  University	
  of	
  Iowa,	
  Iowa	
  City.	
  	
  



	
  

CREATING	
  A	
  CURRENT	
  AWARENESS	
  SERVICE	
  USING	
  YAHOO!	
  PIPES	
  AND	
  LIBGUIDES	
  |	
  KISCADEN	
   52	
  

information	
  available,	
  keeping	
  up-­‐to-­‐date	
  with	
  new	
  information	
  in	
  a	
  discipline	
  can	
  be	
  overwhelming.	
  
Therein	
  exists	
  an	
  opportunity	
  for	
  libraries—academic,	
  special,	
  and	
  public—to	
  revitalize	
  current	
  
awareness	
  services	
  and	
  build	
  information	
  management	
  tools	
  using	
  aggregate	
  feeds.	
  	
  

DESIGN	
  AND	
  DESCRIPTION	
  OF	
  THE	
  SERVICE	
  

At	
  Waldorf	
  College,	
  the	
  Luise	
  V.	
  Hanson	
  Library	
  created	
  a	
  current	
  awareness	
  service	
  utilizing	
  RSS	
  
feeds,	
  with	
  the	
  intent	
  to	
  assist	
  faculty	
  with	
  keeping	
  up-­‐to-­‐date	
  with	
  newly	
  published	
  content	
  in	
  the	
  
library’s	
  electronic	
  journal	
  collection.	
  The	
  service,	
  dubbed	
  Info	
  SOS,	
  was	
  designed	
  to	
  overcome	
  two	
  
barriers	
  to	
  patron	
  participation	
  in	
  feed	
  services:	
  the	
  chore	
  of	
  subscribing	
  to	
  and	
  curating	
  multiple	
  
feeds	
  and	
  the	
  lack	
  of	
  awareness	
  of	
  feeds	
  and	
  feed	
  reader	
  technology.	
  Info	
  SOS	
  was	
  piloted	
  to	
  faculty	
  
during	
  the	
  spring	
  of	
  2014	
  and	
  was	
  accompanied	
  by	
  an	
  informal	
  questionnaire	
  to	
  collect	
  feedback.	
  

Info	
  SOS	
  is	
  built	
  on	
  RSS,	
  or	
  “Really	
  Simple	
  Syndication”	
  technology,	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  prevalent	
  tools	
  for	
  
keeping	
  current	
  with	
  new	
  information	
  published	
  electronically.	
  RSS	
  has	
  been	
  available	
  for	
  more	
  than	
  
a	
  decade,6	
  and	
  many	
  users—both	
  patrons	
  and	
  library	
  professionals—are	
  using	
  this	
  technology.	
  
However,	
  while	
  powerful	
  and	
  freely	
  accessible,	
  RSS	
  feeds	
  have	
  their	
  limitations.	
  Subscribing	
  to	
  and	
  
curating	
  multiple	
  feeds	
  can	
  become	
  a	
  burden.	
  	
  

To	
  eliminate	
  the	
  chore	
  of	
  managing	
  multiple	
  feeds,	
  Info	
  SOS	
  displays	
  feed	
  aggregates	
  created	
  using	
  
Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/).	
  Aggregate	
  feeds,	
  or	
  feeds	
  comprising	
  multiple	
  RSS	
  
feeds,	
  can	
  be	
  created	
  using	
  many	
  tools	
  available	
  freely	
  online,	
  such	
  as	
  Feed	
  Stitch,	
  Feed	
  Informer,	
  
Feedburner,	
  and	
  more.	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  was	
  chosen	
  for	
  this	
  service	
  primarily	
  because	
  it	
  requires	
  limited	
  
coding	
  knowledge,7	
  yet	
  the	
  software	
  provides	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  advanced	
  functions	
  for	
  sorting	
  and	
  
combining	
  large	
  groups	
  of	
  feeds.	
  These	
  advanced	
  features	
  became	
  essential	
  when	
  building	
  aggregate	
  
feeds	
  for	
  content	
  from	
  journal	
  aggregators.	
  	
  

Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  requires	
  a	
  user	
  account	
  (free	
  of	
  charge)	
  before	
  constructing	
  pipes.	
  The	
  software	
  
combines	
  and	
  sorts	
  information	
  using	
  a	
  visual	
  editor	
  that	
  resembles	
  virtual	
  plumbing,	
  which	
  is	
  
presumably	
  why	
  the	
  software	
  is	
  called	
  Pipes.	
  To	
  construct	
  the	
  aggregate	
  feeds	
  composing	
  Info	
  SOS,	
  
librarians	
  used	
  the	
  Fetch	
  Feed	
  operator	
  to	
  combine	
  individual	
  RSS	
  feeds	
  into	
  a	
  single	
  feed.	
  Once	
  
combined,	
  the	
  service	
  uses	
  the	
  Sort	
  operator,	
  which	
  sorts	
  the	
  aggregated	
  content	
  by	
  date.	
  From	
  the	
  
Sort	
  operator,	
  the	
  content	
  is	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  Pipe	
  Output,	
  from	
  which	
  a	
  single	
  RSS	
  feed	
  is	
  generated.	
  	
  

The	
  strength	
  of	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  lies	
  in	
  the	
  advanced	
  tools	
  available	
  for	
  manipulating	
  feed	
  content.	
  For	
  
example,	
  Pipes	
  sorts	
  feed	
  content	
  from	
  database	
  vendors	
  by	
  the	
  date	
  it	
  is	
  published	
  to	
  the	
  feed,	
  not	
  
the	
  publication	
  date	
  of	
  the	
  article.	
  If	
  desired,	
  aggregate	
  feed	
  creators	
  can	
  use	
  the	
  Rename	
  and	
  Regex	
  
operators	
  to	
  remove	
  the	
  article	
  publication	
  date	
  from	
  the	
  description	
  field	
  and	
  use	
  it	
  to	
  sort	
  the	
  feed	
  
content.	
  Another	
  useful	
  tool	
  is	
  the	
  Union	
  operator,	
  which	
  allows	
  creators	
  to	
  string	
  together	
  larger	
  
bundles	
  of	
  feeds.	
  

	
  



	
  

INFORMATION	
  TECHNOLOGY	
  AND	
  LIBRARIES	
  |	
  DECEMBER	
  2014	
   53	
  

	
  

Figure	
  1.	
  Fetch	
  Feed	
  and	
  Sort	
  Operator	
  in	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  

	
  

	
  

Figure	
  2.	
  Image	
  of	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipe	
  Using	
  Advanced	
  Tools	
  



	
  

CREATING	
  A	
  CURRENT	
  AWARENESS	
  SERVICE	
  USING	
  YAHOO!	
  PIPES	
  AND	
  LIBGUIDES	
  |	
  KISCADEN	
   54	
  

Lack	
  of	
  awareness	
  is	
  a	
  barrier	
  to	
  user	
  adoption	
  of	
  RSS	
  feeds;	
  many	
  users	
  have	
  an	
  unclear	
  
understanding	
  of	
  what	
  a	
  RSS	
  feed	
  is.	
  If	
  unfamiliar	
  with	
  RSS	
  feeds,	
  it	
  is	
  safe	
  to	
  assume	
  that	
  users	
  are	
  
unfamiliar	
  with	
  RSS	
  reader	
  technology	
  as	
  well.	
  At	
  Waldorf	
  College,	
  this	
  was	
  confirmed	
  by	
  the	
  
questionnaire	
  distributed	
  during	
  the	
  pilot	
  of	
  this	
  service.	
  Of	
  the	
  twenty-­‐eight	
  faculty	
  respondents,	
  
more	
  than	
  70	
  percent	
  had	
  never	
  used	
  an	
  RSS	
  feed	
  before	
  using	
  Info	
  SOS.	
  It	
  is	
  safe	
  to	
  assume	
  that	
  
these	
  faculty	
  would	
  not	
  have	
  a	
  subscription	
  to	
  a	
  feed	
  reader.	
  

Recognizing	
  the	
  need	
  for	
  an	
  interface	
  to	
  deliver	
  content,	
  librarians	
  used	
  the	
  LibGuides	
  software	
  to	
  
display	
  content	
  from	
  these	
  aggregate	
  feeds.	
  The	
  software	
  contains	
  a	
  tool	
  for	
  adding	
  feed	
  content,	
  and	
  
allows	
  for	
  the	
  application	
  of	
  an	
  institution’s	
  proxy	
  prefix	
  to	
  the	
  URL,	
  creating	
  seamless	
  access	
  on	
  and	
  
off	
  campus.	
  The	
  Info	
  SOS	
  resource	
  contains	
  tabbed	
  pages	
  designated	
  for	
  individual	
  fields	
  (biology,	
  
psychology,	
  library	
  sciences,	
  etc.)	
  displaying	
  aggregate	
  feeds	
  for	
  journals	
  in	
  each	
  subject	
  area.	
  For	
  
example,	
  the	
  physics	
  page	
  contains	
  aggregate	
  feeds	
  for	
  new	
  articles	
  published	
  in	
  the	
  library’s	
  full-­‐
text	
  physics	
  journals,	
  as	
  displayed	
  in	
  the	
  figure	
  below.	
  	
  

	
  

Figure	
  3.	
  Aggregate	
  Physics	
  Feeds	
  in	
  LibGuides	
  

USER	
  FEEDBACK	
  

Info	
  SOS	
  remains	
  a	
  relatively	
  new	
  service	
  to	
  library	
  users	
  at	
  the	
  Luise	
  V.	
  Hanson	
  Library,	
  but	
  
preliminary	
  feedback	
  has	
  been	
  positive.	
  The	
  service	
  was	
  advertised	
  to	
  faculty	
  via	
  email	
  and	
  



	
  

INFORMATION	
  TECHNOLOGY	
  AND	
  LIBRARIES	
  |	
  DECEMBER	
  2014	
   55	
  

accompanied	
  by	
  a	
  feedback	
  survey	
  created	
  using	
  Google	
  Forms.	
  As	
  stated	
  previously,	
  librarians	
  
received	
  twenty-­‐eight	
  responses	
  to	
  the	
  survey,	
  a	
  relatively	
  strong	
  response	
  considering	
  the	
  limited	
  
number	
  of	
  faculty	
  at	
  the	
  college.	
  

Of	
  the	
  respondents,	
  more	
  than	
  70	
  percent	
  had	
  never	
  used	
  an	
  RSS	
  feed	
  previously,	
  instead	
  using	
  a	
  
variety	
  of	
  other	
  tools	
  to	
  stay	
  current	
  with	
  their	
  field.	
  Of	
  those	
  other	
  tools,	
  18	
  percent	
  of	
  faculty	
  
subscribed	
  to	
  table	
  of	
  contents	
  alerts,	
  27	
  percent	
  browsed	
  new	
  issues	
  of	
  print	
  journals,	
  25	
  percent	
  
visited	
  association	
  websites,	
  and	
  23	
  percent	
  conducted	
  periodic	
  searches	
  for	
  information	
  in	
  the	
  
library	
  databases.	
  It	
  was	
  of	
  some	
  concern	
  that	
  of	
  these	
  tools,	
  only	
  faculty	
  using	
  databases	
  and	
  
subscribing	
  to	
  table	
  of	
  contents	
  alerts	
  would	
  be	
  connecting	
  with	
  the	
  library’s	
  electronic	
  journal	
  
collection.	
  

When	
  presented	
  with	
  Info	
  SOS	
  and	
  asked	
  whether	
  faculty	
  would	
  find	
  this	
  tool	
  useful,	
  more	
  than	
  70	
  
percent	
  responded	
  that	
  they	
  would.	
  Faculty	
  were	
  solicited	
  for	
  suggestions	
  for	
  improving	
  the	
  
resource,	
  and	
  librarians	
  received	
  many	
  suggestions	
  for	
  expanding	
  the	
  content.	
  This	
  feedback	
  was	
  
valuable	
  in	
  that	
  it	
  provided	
  justification	
  for	
  continuing	
  the	
  service	
  beyond	
  the	
  pilot	
  and	
  a	
  list	
  of	
  
potential	
  subject	
  areas	
  to	
  begin	
  expanding	
  the	
  service.	
  The	
  intended	
  outcome	
  of	
  the	
  service	
  is	
  to	
  
assist	
  faculty	
  in	
  keeping	
  current	
  with	
  literature	
  in	
  their	
  field	
  and	
  utilizing	
  the	
  library’s	
  resources	
  in	
  
the	
  process.	
  

LIMITATIONS	
  AND	
  CHALLENGES	
  

Generating	
  feeds	
  from	
  popular	
  library	
  databases,	
  such	
  as	
  EBSCOhost	
  and	
  ProQuest,	
  is	
  limited	
  in	
  that	
  
the	
  publication	
  dates	
  for	
  articles	
  are	
  contained	
  in	
  the	
  description	
  field.	
  This	
  can	
  make	
  the	
  Sort	
  
operator	
  in	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  somewhat	
  inaccurate	
  because	
  it	
  would	
  be	
  sorting	
  by	
  the	
  date	
  they	
  were	
  
published	
  to	
  the	
  feed,	
  not	
  by	
  actual	
  publication	
  date	
  of	
  the	
  journal	
  article.	
  If	
  necessary,	
  this	
  issue	
  can	
  
be	
  corrected	
  using	
  the	
  Rename	
  and	
  Regex	
  operators	
  by	
  copying	
  the	
  item	
  description	
  as	
  the	
  
publication	
  date.	
  	
  

An	
  additional	
  challenge	
  regarding	
  vendor-­‐created	
  feeds	
  relates	
  to	
  the	
  issue	
  of	
  expiring	
  feeds	
  created	
  
from	
  library	
  databases.	
  A	
  library	
  profile	
  was	
  required	
  for	
  each	
  database,	
  such	
  as	
  EBSCOhost	
  or	
  
ProQuest,	
  to	
  create	
  and	
  save	
  feeds.	
  This	
  allows	
  for	
  the	
  renewal	
  of	
  expiring	
  feeds;	
  the	
  email	
  account	
  
attached	
  to	
  the	
  profile	
  receives	
  an	
  invitation	
  to	
  renew	
  expiring	
  feeds.	
  Most	
  vendors	
  allow	
  for	
  feeds	
  to	
  
be	
  created	
  at	
  the	
  database	
  without	
  a	
  profile,	
  but	
  those	
  feeds	
  will	
  automatically	
  expire	
  if	
  not	
  used	
  
within	
  a	
  period	
  of	
  time.	
  The	
  potential	
  of	
  feeds	
  expiring	
  may	
  add	
  an	
  element	
  of	
  maintenance	
  to	
  the	
  
current	
  awareness	
  service.	
  	
  	
  

FUTURE	
  DEVELOPMENTS	
  

Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  offers	
  the	
  unique	
  ability	
  to	
  publish	
  pipes	
  that	
  others	
  may	
  share	
  and	
  “clone.”	
  For	
  
libraries	
  interested	
  in	
  creating	
  aggregate	
  feeds	
  for	
  popular	
  EBSCOhost	
  journals,	
  the	
  pipes	
  created	
  for	
  
Info	
  SOS	
  are	
  available	
  to	
  clone	
  at	
  http://pipes.yahoo.com/infosos.	
  A	
  search	
  of	
  published	
  pipes	
  
available	
  in	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes	
  reveals	
  pipes	
  created	
  by	
  many	
  public	
  and	
  academic	
  libraries,	
  all	
  of	
  which	
  
are	
  available	
  to	
  clone	
  and	
  edit.	
  The	
  ability	
  to	
  share	
  pipes	
  with	
  other	
  institutions	
  introduces	
  the	
  
possibility	
  of	
  current	
  awareness	
  services	
  shared	
  between	
  library	
  consortia	
  or	
  associations.	
  



	
  

CREATING	
  A	
  CURRENT	
  AWARENESS	
  SERVICE	
  USING	
  YAHOO!	
  PIPES	
  AND	
  LIBGUIDES	
  |	
  KISCADEN	
   56	
  

As	
  information	
  becomes	
  more	
  abundant,	
  tools	
  and	
  services	
  to	
  manage	
  incoming	
  information	
  will	
  
continue	
  to	
  be	
  a	
  corresponding	
  need.	
  Creating	
  and	
  sharing	
  services	
  that	
  utilize	
  technology	
  common	
  
to	
  libraries	
  presents	
  us	
  with	
  the	
  opportunity	
  to	
  collaborate	
  with	
  one	
  another	
  and	
  revitalize	
  library-­‐
engineered	
  current	
  awareness	
  services.	
  These	
  services	
  offer	
  a	
  value	
  that	
  is	
  twofold:	
  library	
  users	
  
benefit	
  from	
  the	
  ability	
  to	
  stay	
  current	
  with	
  publications	
  in	
  their	
  field,	
  and	
  libraries	
  have	
  the	
  
potential	
  of	
  increased	
  usage	
  of	
  their	
  purchased	
  content.	
  With	
  no	
  financial	
  investment,	
  an	
  aggregate	
  
feed-­‐based	
  service	
  is	
  a	
  value	
  that	
  a	
  variety	
  of	
  libraries	
  can	
  implement	
  with	
  the	
  investment	
  of	
  only	
  
limited	
  personnel	
  time.	
  

REFERENCES	
  
	
  
1.	
  	
  G.	
  Mahesh	
  and	
  Dinesh	
  Kumar	
  Gupta,	
  “Changing	
  Paradigm	
  in	
  Journals	
  Based	
  Current	
  Awareness	
  
Services	
  in	
  Libraries,”	
  Information	
  Services	
  &	
  Use	
  28,	
  no.	
  1	
  (2008):	
  59–65,	
  
http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ISU-­‐2008-­‐0555.	
  	
  	
  

2.	
  	
  Stephen	
  M.	
  Johnson,	
  Andrew	
  Osmond,	
  and	
  Rebecca	
  J.	
  Holz,	
  “Developing	
  a	
  Current	
  Awareness	
  
Service	
  Using	
  Really	
  Simple	
  Syndication	
  (RSS),”	
  Journal	
  of	
  the	
  Medical	
  Library	
  Association	
  97,	
  no.	
  1	
  
(2009):	
  51–53,	
  http://dx.doi.org/10:3163/1536-­‐5050.97.1.011.	
  

3.	
  	
  Mahesh	
  and	
  Gupta,	
  “Changing	
  Paradigm	
  in	
  Journals	
  Based	
  Current	
  Awareness	
  Services	
  in	
  
Libraries.”	
  

4.	
  	
  M.	
  Kathleen	
  Kern	
  and	
  Cuiying	
  Mu,	
  “The	
  Impact	
  of	
  New	
  Technologies	
  on	
  Current	
  Awareness	
  Tools	
  
in	
  Academic	
  Libraries,”	
  Reference	
  &	
  User	
  Services	
  Quarterly	
  51,	
  no.	
  2	
  (2011):	
  92–97.	
  	
  

5.	
  	
  Sandra	
  J.	
  Weingart	
  and	
  Janet	
  A.	
  Anderson,	
  “When	
  Questions	
  Are	
  Answers:	
  Using	
  a	
  Survey	
  to	
  
Achieve	
  Faculty	
  Awareness	
  of	
  the	
  Library’s	
  Electronic	
  Resources,”	
  College	
  &	
  Research	
  Libraries	
  61,	
  
no.	
  2	
  (2000):	
  127–34,	
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.61.2.127.	
  

6.	
  	
  Jim	
  Doree,	
  “RSS:	
  A	
  Brief	
  Introduction,”	
  Journal	
  of	
  Manual	
  &	
  Manipulative	
  Therapy	
  15,	
  no.	
  1	
  (2007):	
  
57–58.	
  	
  

7.	
  	
  Bill	
  Dyszel,	
  “Create	
  No-­‐Code	
  Mashups	
  with	
  Yahoo!	
  Pipes,”	
  PC	
  Magazine	
  26,	
  no.	
  21/22	
  (2007):	
  103–
5.