reviews Book Reviews 333 ing “others” as the clerks of the spe- cial department of the Ministry of Culture in a Communist government or as agents of “American cultural imperialism.” … Who decides on the inclusion or exclusion of certain texts? It is important not to forget that the banned texts do not disappear … I understand censorship to be a time- related category, a far-reaching phe- nomenon closely related to the pro- cess of canon formation embedded within a web of social institutions. Indeed, essays by Istvan Kiraly and Valeria D. Stelmakh describe conditions of publishing and libraries in former So- viet countries that lend credence to her definition. Unfortunately, the essays of- fering examinations of the U.S. experience limit their examinations to McCarthyism and U.S.I.A. libraries and offer no new insights for anyone with a passing famil- iarity of library history. (Readers curious about this perspective of “canon forma- tion” as an important element of the Cold War are advised to read Frances Stonor Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters (New York: New Press, 1999). A new generation of library historians has an exciting road ahead, and this re- viewer recommends beginning the jour- ney at the source of the four subject head- ings given this book, which, despite its many shortcomings, deals with the Cold War in both the “East” and the “West,” although one would not know it from LC’s subject headings: 1. Books and read- ing—Communist countries—Congresses 2. Censorship—Communist countries— Congresses 3. Cold War—Influences— Congresses 4. Libraries and commu- nism—Congresses. So, where is Censor- ship—Capitalist countries—Congresses? What about Libraries and capitalism— Congresses? These headings are proof positive that Cold War mentalities are alive and well (or maybe just on automatic pilot) at least in the cataloging department of the Library of Congress. And if there, where else might they be lurking? Recommended for all library and in- formation science collections for critical examination.—Elaine Harger, W. Haywood Burns School. The Future of the City of Intellect: The Changing American University. Ed. Steven Brint. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Pr., 2002. 353p. alk. paper, cloth $55 (ISBN 0804744203); paper $24.95 (ISBN 0804745315). LC 2002-1560. I have long felt that college and research librarians, to be effective in their work, must understand the contexts in which academic libraries function. This is easier said than done, given the complexities of our libraries and the responsibilities we have for maintaining connections with our multiple and varied constituencies—fac- ulty, students, staff, administrators, visit- ing scholars, vendors, consortiums, pro- fessional organizations, and so on. Beyond knowing specific operational aspects in- herent within our profession, we need to understand the dynamics of higher edu- cation. This includes the internal and ex- ternal forces of change that influence our current modus operandi as well as the demographic, economic, and technologi- cal pressures that dictate our future. In this book, Steven Brint has done a marvelous job of presenting the thinking of a number of notable scholars on the future of the American university. It is a captivating volume destined to be the fo- cus of much discussion in academic circles as its distribution spreads throughout higher education. College and research librarians would be well served by be- coming conversant with the issues raised in this book. The Future of the City of Intellect: The Changing American University grew out of a conference held at the University of California, Riverside, in February 2000. The papers delivered at the conference are presented here, substantially revised based on input from attendees and dis- cussions during and subsequent to the conference. The title of the book refers to Clark Kerr’s famous work, The Uses of the University, and plays on his metaphor of 334 College & Research Libraries July 2003 multiversity or “city of infinite variety” to describe the then-emerging mega-uni- versities such as the University of Cali- fornia, University of Michigan, Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University. Today, of course, his vision of research universities as cities unto themselves is the reality in which many of us live and work every day. Over the past several decades, the in- fluence of the university on our economic and social life has grown tremendously. Large numbers of individuals (one in four adults in the United States) now receive advanced degrees. Business and indus- try demand an increasingly educated workforce, and many of societies’ great- est social and economic problems are first addressed in the university setting. As the importance of the university has risen, so have the challenges and opportunities facing higher education. Brint and his contributors have identi- fied several powerful forces affecting change in the university. The competitive challenge among universities requires that they have the best facilities (libraries?), the best faculty, and the best social and cul- tural components to enhance campus life. A second force of change is the potential for high profits through scientific and in- tellectual discoveries, particularly in the technological and biological sciences. Pres- sures in this arena are leading to new rela- tionships with the corporate world and providing as many threats as opportuni- ties for the traditionally independent uni- versity. Finally, no force has greater poten- tial for change than does technology. The way we teach and conduct research, the audiences we target, and even the very idea of what the physical space of the uni- versity will look like is in question. The authors in this book address the forces of change on the university, raising questions, pointing out challenges and opportunities, and painting a picture of the future of the university that is bound to stimulate much discussion. The volume begins with a fascinating overview by the legendary Clark Kerr in which he traces the development of the university over the past several decades and offers his insights into the future. The main textual body of the book is divided into four parts: In part I, Randall Collins, Patricia Gumport, Roger Geiger, Walter Powell, and Jason Owen-Smith contribute essays relating to demographic and eco- nomic forces of change. Part II contains contributions from Carol Tomlinson- Keasey, Richard Lanham, and David Collis and focuses on technological change. Parts III and IV address continuity and change in the fields of knowledge and university governance by Andrew Abbott, Steven Brint, Sheila Slaughter, Richard Chait, and Burton Clark. Students of higher educa- tion will recognize the names of these con- tributors as being among the foremost au- thorities in their fields. The titles of the essays indicate the breadth and scope of this book. They include: “Credential Infla- tion and the Future of the University”; “Universities and Knowledge: Universi- ties in a Key Marketplace”; “The New World of Knowledge Production in the Life Sciences”; “Becoming Digital: The Challenges of Weaving Technology throughout Higher Education”; “The Au- dit of Virtuality: Universities in the Atten- tion Economy”; “New Business Models for Higher Education”; The Disciplines and the Future”; “The Rise of the ‘Practical Arts’”; “The Political Economy of Curricu- lum-Making in American Universities”; “The ‘Academic Revolution’ Revisited”; and “University Transformation: Primary Pathways to University Autonomy and Achievement.” The essays are stimulating, well researched, and well written. Exten- sive bibliographies accompany each one. This is a significant book. I believe that we are at a critical juncture in the history of the American university. The contribu- tors to this volume have identified myriad forces that are influencing change in the university and offer enlightened dis- course on the nature and process of that change and on prospects for the future. Academic librarians need to be part of the creation of the future university. The top- ics presented in this book provide an op- portunity for us to enter the debate and Book Reviews 335 contribute to the building of a vision for the future.—John W. Collins III, Harvard University. Indexers and Indexes in Fact & Fiction. Ed. Hazel K. Bell. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr., 2001. 160p. $22.95 (ISBN 080208494X). “Any simpleton may write a book, but it requires high skill to make an index,” as- serts Rossiter Johnson, prolific historian of the Civil War and editor of the Twenti- eth Century Biographical Dictionary of No- table Americans (10 vols., 1904). His aperçu might well serve as the crux of Hazel K. Bell’s anthology of exemplary indexes. Bell is a connoisseur of indexes, having been editor of The Indexer, the journal of the Society of Indexers, for eighteen years as well having compiled more than 600 published indexes herself. Her choices are clever, edifying, and frequently amusing. The reader is struck by the variety of pur- poses indexes serve. After a stimulating foreword by A. S. Byatt and a concise introduction on the history and qualities of indexes, the book is arranged into three sections: I. Indexes in Fact; II. Fiction and Verse with Indexes; III. Indexers in Fiction. Eighty-eight ex- amples are presented chronologically, beginning with the first printed index to a tract by St. Augustine, De arte praedicandi (On the art of preaching) from the fif- teenth century straight through to 2001. Having read the front matter, and per- haps coming under the spell of the book, I found it more accessible when I perused each section from back to front (i.e., from the most recent to the earliest examples), mimicking the back-to-front movement of reading from an index. It is a well-trod path. The author pertinently quotes Jonathan Swift as follows: “The most ac- complished way of using books at present is twofold: either, first, to serve them as men do lords—learn their titles exactly and then brag of their acquaintance; or, secondly, which is, indeed, the choicer, the profounder and politer method, to get a thorough insight into the index, by which the whole book is governed and turned, like fishes by the tail. For to enter the pal- ace of learning at the great gate requires an expense of time and forms, therefore men of much haste and little ceremony are content to get in by the back door.” Some indexes go far beyond an ana- lytical précis of the content of the work. In an example captioned “Enhancing the text,” Bell shows that John Ruskin “makes use of his indexes in a most engaging way to supply comments on, or corrections to, his original text.” Here is one of his en- tries: “Artists are included under the term workmen, 11, 10, but I see the passage is inaccurate,—for I of course meant to in- clude musicians among artists, and there- fore among working men; but musicians are not ‘developments of tailor or carpen- ter.’ Also it may be questioned why I do not count the work given to construct poetry, when I count that given to per- form music, this will be explained in an- other place.” Indexes have been used to settle scores, to argue politics, to savor the fine points of erotica, to crown egotism, and to make merry. They often are used to reinforce the lessons of the text. Some are belligerent, some brilliant, and quite a few comical. Some indexes are better than the text. Occasionally, they deliberately mis- lead or refer to nonexistent subjects, as in Malcolm Bradbury’s ingenious novel, My Strange Quest for Mensonge. All of these and more are to be found in Bell’s book. In the section on indexers, we learn that all too often the author’s wife carries out this drudgery “amongst other tradi- tional wifely tasks.” Not surprisingly, in- dexers share many of the unflattering ste- reotypes of librarians, although occasion- ally in the hands of a great writer the in- dexer attains the status of complete insan- ity (see Nabokov’s Pale Fire). Obviously, this is not a book about how to index. For methodology, Bell re- fers readers to Hans Wellisch, Indexing from A to Z (2nd ed., H. W. Wilson, 1995) and Nancy C. Mulvany, Indexing Books (University of Chicago Press, 1994). 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