College and Research Libraries Complaints about the production aside-and it may be read as a tribute to the stirring effect of Willinsky' s asser- tions that the failure of the index to aid their recall seems so dreadful-this is a book to make all readers think deeply and differently about all dictionaries, those staples of all library reference col- lections. Worries about dictionaries' cita- tions are not new: Sidney Landau identified similar problems with Web- ster's Third New International Dictionary in his Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography (1984). But the authority of Willinsky' s target dictionary and the op- portunities for its revision that comput- erization brings make it important that his critique be read and discussed.-Vir- ginia Clark, formerly with CHOICE, Mid- dletown, Connecticut. Westerman, R. C. Fieldwork in the Li- brary: A Guide to Research in Anthropol- ogy and Related Area Studies. Chicago: ALA, 1994. 357p., paper, $45 (ISBN 0-38389-0632-X). Anthropology covers an enormous range of subject matter, from specific area studies to linguistics, archaeology, prehistory, primatology, and biological anthropology. Not surprisingly, the dis- cipline has produced a vast literature scattered among several floors of any academic library. R. C. Westerman has done a great service to the discipline by gathering and organizing in a single vol- ume a kind of superreference book on anthropology. Fieldwork in the Libra,ry is not a source book on primary anthropological litera- ture. It is a well-annotated guide to all kinds of reference rna terials for anthro- pologists: bibliographies, handbooks, review journals, dictionaries, and ency- clopedias. It even discusses selected computer databases and listservs that cater to anthropological researchers. The book is divided into two large sections. Part I organizes references by discipline and subdiscipline, which here means chapters dealing with archaeol- . ogy and prehistory, ethnology and cul- tural anthropology, and anthropological linguistics and biological anthropology. Book Reviews 289 Part II comprises five chapters survey- ing reference resources on the major ethnographic areas studied by anthro- pologists. Separate chapters deal with resources on Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, and Europe and the successor countries of the former Soviet Union. There is a sepa- rate chapter devoted to what Westerman calls "Islamic influence and Israel." This chapter organizes materials on Israel and all the Islamic societies in the Mideast, North Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. This classification is not logically parallel to the other ethno- graphic areas, based as it is on religion rather than geography. Despite the in- consistency, the information presented is thorough and potentially quite useful for librarians and scholars. There are, of course, the usual minor omissions and errors that one would ex- pect in such a wide-ranging work. In the field of Oceanic ethnology, for instance, it was surprising to find no reference to Pacific Studies, which publishes signifi- cant book reviews and has a very lively and successful book review forum in which several scholars review major works and the authors of these works respond. Westerman also appears to have confused a Solomon Island bibliog- raphy with a Samoan Island bibliog- raphy (p. 275). Chapter 1, "What Every Anthropolo- gist Needs to Know," is a highly con- densed minicourse on the range of research needs of anthropology stu- dents. It is actually intended for li- brarians with a limited knowledge of anthropology. This chapter introduces the organizational framework used in all the other chapters. It begins with an an- notated list of general bibliographic guides, then goes on to describe current research materials such as review jour- nals and selected scholarly journals. There are sections on "retrospective bib- liographies" (a term few anthropologists understand), continuing indexes, en- cyclopedias, compendiums, and dic- tionaries, state-of-the-art reviews, and directories to anthropological organiza- tions. Separate sections in each chapter 290 College & Research Libraries review available sources on graphic ma- terials, electronic sources of information, and archives of unpublished materials such as dissertations. From an anthropologist's perspective, this book is impressive for the enormous amount of work and care that went into it, yet also disappointing in its relative inaccessibility to anthropologists. In a sense, this criticism is not fair to the author's intentions. Though ALA is mar- keting the book as a research tool for an- thropologists, the author makes it clear that the intended audience is really refer- ence librarians who need to advise stu- dents and scholars undertaking library research. The book's introduction contains extended technical discussions of classifi- cation principles used in the book-dis- cussions obviously meant for the librarian rather than the anthropologist. The frame- work of headings common to all chapters undoubtedly makes the book easier to use for reference librarians. However, this work will probably not end up finding a home on the bookshelves of many stu- dents of anthropology. The lack of a subject index in the book is inexplicable. Finding bibliographic sources on particular ethnographic areas is relatively painless, given the book's ethnographic area focus. But locating specific references on specific areas of any subfield (e.g., medical anthropol- ogy, psychological anthropology, dental anthropology or tomography) requires a careful reading through the relevant sub- field chapter in the hope of hitting upon a relevant reference. Yet it is precisely in terms of such specific subtopics that an- thropologists pursue their research. The author is more concerned with bibliog- raphers' categories than with those used by anthropologists themselves. A future edition of this book should certainly in- clude a carefully constructed subject in- dex, an addition that would make this book a truly invaluable resource for the professional anthropologist as well as the reference librarian. As it stands, Fieldwork in the Library contains an impressive array of refer- ences that are potentially of great utility for anthropology students at all levels of May 1995 sophistication. But this is a book de- signed to be read rather than consulted . It is written in a highly discursive style that makes it less of a ready reference book than a thoughtful treatise on doing research in anthropology. As such, any- one planning to use the book would be advised to read through the introduc- tion and the first two chapters to get a sense of how to use the book. Then the reader will be free to turn to relevant specific chapters, but these too should be read with some care rather than sim- ply consulted. Anthropologists have far more reference resources available to them than most of them realize. Those willing to learn the language and culture of the professional bibliog- rapher will be well rewarded by Wester- man's exhaustive and thoughtful compilation.-Bradd Shore, Emory Uni- versity, Atlanta, Georgia. McDonald, Joseph A., and Lynda Basney Micikas. Academic Libraries: The Dimen- sions of Their Effectiveness. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood, 1994. 188p., alk. pa- per, $49.95 (ISBN 0-313-27269-7). In this volume, which examines the construct of library effectiveness, the authors address three major questions: (1) Is it possible to establish criteria for assessing academic library organiza- tional effectiveness? (2) Can dimensions of academic library organizational effec- tiveness be identified? (3) Can groups of academic libraries be identified that show high effectiveness in contrast with others which show lower effectiveness? The data used to answer these ques- tions come from a questionnaire sent to all academic libraries in the 264 institu- tions without doctoral programs in six Middle Atlantic states and the District of Columbia. The response averaged three questionnaires per institution and rep- resented 131 institutions. The intent of the questionnaire was to measure the trait indicators of effectiveness as per- ceived by library decision makers at these institutions. This research builds on Kim S. Cameron's work, which has attempted to define a construct of organizational