College and Research Libraries 406 College & Research Libraries log where the same bibliographic record can be used by several departments, thus eliminating the duplication of files. The development of library automation is put in the context of the total library environ- ment. The author describes the influence of early in-house automation projects, the role of the bibliographic utilities, and, fi- nally, the impact of today's commercial marketplace. The impact of the bibliographic utilities-OCLC, RLIN, WLN, and UTLAS-is enormous, for it has virtually put a terminal in every library. The em- phasis is on shared cataloging and interli- brary loan. Currently these large central- ized systems have a problem in financing and thus must be very careful in selecting future areas for research and develop- ment. The trend is moving away from these large centralized systems to local or possibly statewide online networks. In the 1980s the greatest impact is coming from · the commercial sector, microcomputers, and optical disks. Since the ultimate goal of all library functions is to improve the quality of ser- vice, the author devotes two chapters to the public catalog. Through the years the catalog has changed its format. Originally it was in book form and then changed to the card catalog. In the late 1940s the book catalog reappeared due to advancement in technology and the decreasing costs of producing this kind of catalog. It was usu- ally intended for multilibrary situations such as branch libraries, where the users could have access to the entire library holdings instead of branch holdings only. Next, the COM (Computer Output Micro- form) catalog in either fiche or film format appeared. By the late 1960s there was the emergence of the online catalog. Two es- sential features made the online catalog unique: (1) circulation information be- came available to the public, and (2) the patron could now actively interact with the catalog, thus requiring one to articu- late the search strategy and to learn the mode of dialogue. The author demon- strates the advantages of multiple access points that an online catalog provides. He shows advantages of various searching techniques provided, .such as keywords, July 1986 truncation, Boolean logic, and others as well as providing exaJV.ples of the dia- logue used by specific commercial ven- dors. Several chapters are devoted to choos- ing, purchasing, and implementing an au- tomated system. Regardless of when the library decid~s to automate, the author contends that many of the same questions are asked. Recurring questions include when and what to automate, cost consid- erations, and who should be involved in the decision-making process-ranging from library staff to persons in the com- puter center, telecommunications, and purchasing. The chapter on selecting an integrated online system provides advice commonly found in the literature today. Three chapters are devoted to the infor- mation retrieval services such as BRS, DIALOG, and SDC. Topics covered in- clude origin and development, impact on print subscriptions, document delivery, vendors' pricing of their services, the is- sue of free versus fee service to the public, and the management of the service. Man- agement topics include selecting the ven- dor, space, staffing, time, training, pro- motion, and evaluation of the service. The author provides a good summary of the events that led up to the current state of the art. Those looking for future trends will not find them in this book. Neverthe- less, the book presents a fair, in-depth pic- ture of the development of library automa- tion. It is descriptive, informative, well researched, and well written. Although much of the information and advice can be found elsewhere, the author provides in one volume a frame of reference to library automation.-Karen Stabler, Howard- Tilton Memorial Library, New Orleans, Louisiana. Cochrane, Pauline Atherton. Redesign of Catalogs and Indexes for Improved Online Subject Access: Selected Papers of Pauline A. Cochrane. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx, 1985. 484p. $45. LC 85-7284. ISBN 0-89774- 158-7 When the history of information re- trieval and library automation is written, the 1960s may be called the Golden Age, the decade of rapid development in library automation. The 1970s, however, could probably be called the Development De- cade, when operational systems were in- stalled in most libraries . Continuing in this vein, the 1980s may be seen as the Season for Reassessment of the Online Catalog, required by the demand of users for changes in the original design. Thus, Pauline A. Cochrane views the past from her perspective of twenty-five years' in- volvement in computer-aided subject in- dexes and online catalogs. The author's ·implied purpose is to present her thoughts on what has been a central theme throughout her career: the improvement of subject access for re- searchers. This collection of thirty articles, reports, class notes, presentations, and published and unpublished papers con- sists of a selection of her writings on on- line subject access. The book is divided into five major cate- gories. Within each of these categories, the papers are arranged in chronological order. Each category attempts to provide answers to the following general ques- tions : part 1: Where are we going in there- design of catalogs and indexes? part 2: What do we know about users and cata- logs? part 3: What can we do to improve subject access? part 4: Will classification have a use online? part 5: What can be learned from subject access research? Topics in part 1 range from "Knowledge Space: A Conceptual Basis for the Organi- zation of Knowledge" to "A Forward Look-Online Library Catalogs in 1990 and Beyond." Part 3 discusses such prob- lems as file organization, universal subject access, and free versus controlled subject access . Part 4 presents the author's argu- ment for the use of classification in online catalogs . The total is preceded by a preface and a list of all of the selections in chrono- logical order and followed by a note on the author and an index. The author's competence has been proven in many areas-as former associ- ate director of the American Institute of Physics, as associate director of the ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources, and as professor at the School of Informa- tion Studies, Syracuse University. She has been a consultant to the Library of Congress, OCLC, System Development Recent Publications 407 The MIT Dictionary of Modern Economics · . Third Edition edited by David W Pearce The MIT Dictionary of Modern Economics pro- vides an authoritativ~ reference guide to eco- nomic termino logy and nomenclature. • More than 2,650 entries • December 1986-510 pp.-Cioth: 16104-1-$35.00 paper: 66059-8-$12 .50 Who's Who in Economics A Biographical Dictionary of Major Economists 1700-1984 • Second Edition edited by Mark Blaug Wilson Library Bulletin noted that " university economics collections will be incomplete" with- out Who's Who in Economics . This new edition includes 337 more entries , bringing the total to over 1,400 thumbnail sketches of prominent economists of the past three centuries . Each entry has been expanded to provide more details about each economist. December 1986-800 pp. -02256-7-$95 .00 pre- publication price through December 31 , 1986 , $115.00 thereafter Scientific and Technical Information Sources Second Edition Ching-Chih Chen This completely revised edition of Scientific and Technical Information Sources is essentially a new book based on the framework of the 1977 edition, a library mainstay that has proved " inval- uable to librarians , students , and scientists " (Choice) . The second edition includes mostly cur- rent information sources , with many published as recently as 1985 and 1986 . December 1986- 580 pp.-03120-5-$55.00 Women in Science Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century A Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie · This biographical dictionary profiles 186 women whose work is representative of the participation of women in the science of their time and culture. The book will serve as much as a guide to future research as a resource for historians , librarians , students , and the general public. October 1986-272 pp. -15031-X-$25.00 . !SBN prefix 0-262 ' The MIT Press 28 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 408 College & Research Libraries Corporation, and UNESCO, to name but a few. She is also the author of five books and numerous articles in information sci- ence, library automation, and library sci- ence education. This present work reflects the author's diversity of interests. The volume con- tains on the one hand some highly techni- cal papers, "Books are for Use: Final Re- port of the Subject Access Project'' and ''American Institute of Physics/UDC Proj- ect audacious." On the other hand it also includes such philosophically inclined se- lections as ''Putting Knowledge to Work: Five Lectures by Pauline Atherton,'' and "'More' Is Not Necessarily 'Better."' The reader should be aware that this col- lection does not constitute a compilation of all the papers written by Pauline A. Cochrane on online subject access. One wonders, however, why certain papers were included and others omitted. Not only have the compilers been highly selec- tive but they have also presented several papers in excerpted form, offering no rea- sons for the omissions of sections, figures, charts, and appendixes. It is regrettable that no explicit editorial policy explains these choices. The papers have been left in their origi- nal format, and references vary greatly in style and the amount of information of- fered. The index compiled by Linda Web- ster is very good, although the inclusion of the titles of the selections would have been useful. Furthermore, a bibliography of the thirty papers with full bibliographic information would have enriched the publication. Considering the importance of Cochrane's writings, one hopes that any futu:re collection of her papers will be more complete and will include full biblio- graphical references. The introductions to each of the five sec- tions show the author's current perspec- tive, present the historical background, and summarize the aims of the selected publications. Cochrane answers the ques- tions posed at the beginning of the book by admonishing those responsible to lis- ten to the users' comments in reassessing the first generation of OP ACs; to preserve the best of the traditional catalogs, such as subject classification; and to remove the July 1986 constramts of the new medium. In total this is a worthwhile publication, gathering the views of an eminent author- ity in her field. However, its lack of bibli- ography, its selectivity, and its lack of uni- formity detracts from its overall value. A recent publication by Pauline Coch- rane and Karen Markey in Information Technology and Libraries (June 1985)- "Preparing for the Use of Classification in Online Cataloging Systems" -summa- rizes and updates the views presented in part 4 of this collection. Although in this collection she is evaluating the past twenty-five years of involvement in sub- ject cataloging, in her recent articles, Cochrane demonstrates that she can also be counted on to contribute to the 1980s phase of reassessment and redesign of a new generation of online catalogs.- Moshie Dahms, University of Guelph Library, Ontario. Deiss, William A. Museum Archives: An Introduction. Chicago: Society of Ameri- can Archivists, 1984. 37p. $4, members; $6, others. In addition to businesses and religious organizations, a third constituency that has received special attention in the litera- ture on how to establish an archives is mu- seums. This volume, latest in the series of manuals published by the Society of American Archivists, is part of their sub- series devoted to archival programs in particular settings. One would think that a profession already devoted to the pursuit of preservation for public use would have no trouble with the concept. However, as Deiss, deputy archivist at the Smithsonian Institution, points out, ''there are more than 6,000 museums in the United States, but only a small number have archives programs.'' The intended audience for Museum Ar- chives: An Introduction is ''museum profes- sionals with little or no archival training.'' The author, in fact, addresses the con- cerns of two constituencies in this volume. He is addressing museum administrators who need a better understanding of the justification for archival programs and is considering the needs of practicing _cura-