College and Research Libraries library to be used effectively; not every academic library will have the particular catalog cards for Strawn's examples. Perhaps the most serious drawback is the confusing directions for the exercises. All instruction librarians know how difficult it is to phrase clear, logical directions, and these direc- tions are like most that appear in the litera- ture. The author does bring out points that confuse users: titles of books may be mis- leading as subject headings, general subject headings may be made specific by adding a subdivision, and filing rules can be under- stood by giving a few concrete examples. From my ten years of experience in li- brary instruction I find the exercises some- what confusing, especially in the directions given. Having said that, I acknowledge how difficult it is to develop a clear, logical, trouble-free programmed text-to date I haven 't seen one. Strawn's text might be used most effectively in a structured situa- tion where professional help is at hand. His examples are good , and I found his use of relationship formation effective . Instruction librarians might find something to adapt in his approach . While I applaud Strawn for his efforts , the clear-cut, logical, easy-to- use, programmed, self-instructed text for library instruction has , alas, yet to be writ- ten.-Anne F. Roberts, State University of New York at Albany. Davinson, Donald. Reference Service. Lon- don: Clive Bingley; New York: K. G . Saur, 1980. 235p. $20 . ISBN 0-85857- 291-X. The librarian who is conversant with the literature of reference service will find little that is new in this overview of reference service in the academic, public, and special library. Many of the articles and books cited are by American authors such as Bill Katz (most quoted), Helen Gothberg, Charles A. Bunge, Jesse Shera, and Robert S. Taylor. Different viewpoints on a topic are included and the important points from the cited au- thors are explained with some additional comments by- Davinson, but his opinions are not intrusive. The comparison of British and U. S. reference service reveals many of the same developments , problems, and solutions for providing information to the library user. Recent Publications I 555 The discussion of reference service is pre- sented in twelve chapters. Topics covered in these chapters include definition of terms, which notes the differences and simi- larities in terminology used in the United Kingdom and the U.S. "The Theory of Ref- erence Service" briefly recapitulates what has been written, but has no new insights. "Costing and Evaluating Reference Service" concludes that, though difficult, the need for developing adequate measures is impor- tant because of economic developments and budget cuts. The chapters "Librarian-User Relationship," "Dealing with Enquiries," and the "Reference Interview" concentrate on communication theory and interpersonal relations. Also noted is that ready refer- ence, or quick reference, the British phrase, for which only one source is con- sulted, is the bulk of reference service pro- vided to users. "Search for Answers" deals with search strategy. "Evaluating the Results of the Search" is a very brief chapter with no new informa~ion presented. The chapter on li- brary networks mentions those in the U.S., but gives details on networks being developed in the UK, e. g., BLAISE (British Automated Information Service); PRESTEL, earlier known as VIEWDATA, which stores and displays data on a video screen and uses telephone lines to com- municate with the enquirer; CEEF AX and ORACLE, which provide local information using conventional audio and video broad- casting channels. "New Directions in Reference Service" concentrates on public library service that advocates community information services. "Instruction in Library Use" discusses the pros and cons of user education, with emphasis on the programs in academic li- braries. The different ways of teaching ref- erence service-by title , by type , by case studies, and by the pathfinder method-are the topic of the last chapter. At the end of each chapter a bibliography of cited refer- ences is given·. Also provided are subject and author indexes.-Jean Herold, Uni- versity of Texas, Austin. March of Library Science: Kaula Fest- schrift. Papers presented in honor of Pro- fessor P.- N. Kaula. General editor: V. 556 I College & Research Libraries • November 1980 Venkatappaiah. Executive editors: C. V. Subba Rao and Amitabha Chatterjee. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1979. 626p. $37.50. ISBN 0-7069-0482-6. (Exclusive U.S. Distributor: Advent Books, Inc., 141 E. 44th St., New York, NY 10017.) Professor P. N. Kaula is an eminent li- brarian, a prolific writer, an organizer, a leader, and a distinguished teacher with universal recognition. He is one of the fore- most disciples of the late Dr. S. R. Ranga- nathan and has been a dominating personal- ity in the Indian library movement since the 1950s. Due to his matchless contribu- tions, sixty-two librarians from all over the world have honored him by contributing articles on various aspects of library science in March of Library Science: Kaula Fest- schrift. This monumental volume is divided into fourteen parts (A-N) under different subject headings, such as philosophy of library sci- ence, comparative librarianship, organiza- tion of knowledge, cataloging of documents, document procurement, bibliographical organization, information transfer, scientific management, education for librarianship, university and research libraries, and school libraries. Some of the prominent contribu- tors to this festschrift are Jesse H. Shera, Nasser Sharify, Edward Holley, J. F. Har- vey, Anis Khurshid, G. Bhattacharyya, S. N. Raghav, K. W. Humphreys, and Clare Liljia. The essays throw light on the progress of various aspects of library science in India, the United States, Latin America, the Re- public of South Africa, the Socialist Repub- lic of Serbia, Germany, Sri Lanka, Israel, Iran, the German Democratic Republic, France, the USSR, and England. Thus the festschrift has an international coverage. There are chapters on Melvil Dewey, the role of UNESCO in the development of li- braries and librarianship, NUC pre-1956 im- prints, the information explosion, the role of microfilms in research libraries, and costing in university libraries. In short, it is an ex- cellent collection of essays with a few minor omissions. N. R. Satyanarayana in his essay "A Survey of Literature in Periodicals in In- dia," for example, did not mention the ex- istence of the Indian Librarian, the oldest leading quarterly library journal of India. On the other hand, there are some excel- lent essays, one of which is Nasser Sharify' s "Beyond the National Frontiers: The Inter- national Dimension of Changing Library Education for a Changing World." In this essay the author talks about the changing role of librarians and says, "They [librarians] wish to be contributors to knowledge rather than to remain solely the makers of the keys to the treasury of knowledge." In his view, "The librarians of tomorrow would be more than mere organizers of recorded know- ledge. They would take part in reshaping and creating it. The key to the treasury would remain in their hands; however, the nature and the shape of the key would change." Dean Shera, in his essay "Of Peacocks, Elephants, and the Philosophy of Li- brarianship," has suggested that American librarians should borrow · rich philosophical traditions from India and give Indians "our technical expertise, or machines" and make the international cooperation more meaningful and practical. Most of the essays are well written and very informative. Scholars and librarians can glean information on various aspects of librarianship in different countries in this book; it is a valuable addition to the library literature . Though the price of this fest- schrift is very high, it is recommended for all types of libraries and librarians.-Ravin- dra N. Sharma, Colgate University, Hamil- ton, New York. Lane, Jack C. America's Military Past: A Guide to Information Sources. American Government and History Information Guide Series, V. 7. Detroit: Gale, 1980. 280p. $28. LC 74-11571. ISBN 0-8103- 1205-0. The subject of this well-arranged bib- liography is the history, and the many phases or parts thereof, of American mili- tary forces (militia, regular army, Army Air Force, National Guard, marines; the navy is not included) from the early 1600s to the present. This is covered by 1, 743 numbered citations, plus an addendum of 32 entries, of books and articles on the organization, administration, and composition of such forces by federal and local government, in