College and Research Libraries Recent Publications COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2d ed., reviewed by Lois Hacker and J . R. Moore. 271 Heaps , H . S. Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects , reviewed by Eleanor Montague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Tebbel , John. A History of Book Publishing in the United States , Volume Ill: The Golden Age Between Two Wars, 1920-1940, reviewed by Charles Helzer . . . .. . ..... ... . 279 Gough, Chet, and Srikantaiah , Taverekere. Systems Analysis in Libraries: A Question and Answer Approach, reviewed by Charles R. McClure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Kirk , Thomas G. , Jr. Library Research Guide to Biology: Illustrated Search Strategy and Sources , reviewed by Deanne Holzberlein ......... . ...... ..... . ............... . ... . ...... . 280 Rowley, J. E ., and Turner, C. M . D. The Dissemination of Information, reviewed by Ernest W. Toy, Jr .. ......... ....... ... .... . .. ... .. ...... . .. ............... : ... ........ .. .... .. . . .. ..... . 283 Borko, Harold, and ·Bernier, Charles L. Indexing Concepts and Methods , reviewed by Eldon W . Tamblyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Christian , Roger. Th e Electronic Library: Bibliographic Data Bases , 1978-79, reviewed by Henry M. Yaple .. ... ..... . ..... .. ... ...... . .. ... . .... .. ..... ... . ........ . ............ .... .... ...... . 285 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing. Negotiating for Computer Services , reviewed by Fay Zipkowitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Howell , J . B. , ed. Special Collections in Libraries of the South east , reviewed by Marjorie G . Wynne .. .. ... . .......... ···:··· · ······ ··· ·· · ·· ······· · ····················· ················ 288 Taylor , Betty W. , ed . Audio Research in the Law. Series 1: Basic American Law , reviewed by Anita K. Head . .. ... . . ... . .... ...... ..... .. .. ...... .. . .. . ..... . ...... ......... .. . ... . .. . 289 · Saffady, William . " Facsimile Transmission for Libraries : Technology and Application Design ." LeClercq , Angie . " One-half-Inch Videocassette Equipment for Library Use," reviewed by Thomas L. Bonn .. .. ....... ... . .... . .............. .. .. . ........... : . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 As Much to Learn as to Teach: Essays in Honor of Lester Asheim, reviewed by Dale M. Bentz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Austin , Derek , and Verdier, Veronica. String Indexing . PRECIS : Introduction and Indexing, reviewed by Phyllis A. Richmond ...... . .. ....... . ... ... ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Craven , Timothy C . String Indexing. NEPHIS: Introduction and Indexing , reviewed by Phyllis A. Richmond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 · Farradane , Jason. String Indexing . Relational Indexing: Introduction and Indexing , reviewed by Phyllis A. Richmond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 BOOK REVIEWS Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. 2d ed. Prepared by the American Library As- sociation, the British Library, the Cana- dian Committee on Cataloguing, the Li- brary Association, the Library of Con- gress. Edited by Michael Gorman and Paul W. Winkler. Chicago: American Li- brary Assn. ; Ottawa: Canadian Library Assn. ; London : Library Assn., 1978. 620p. $15 cloth; $10 paper. LC 78-13789. ISBN 0-8389-3210-X cloth; 0-8389-3211-8 paper. Published and available at last, the much-heralded second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules is out for ·all to see. It is attractive to the eye: the typefaces are clear, and there is a nice pro- portion of white space to print. The prose style is lucid: most of the sentences start with a short firm verb calling for direct ac- tion ("Give the groove characteristics . .. , " "Add immediately ... , " "Make a name-title added entry ... ") varied by "If' to flag special cases ("If a report is essen- tially confined . . . , " "If information is not available . . . "). I 271 272 I College & Research Libraries • May 1979 The organization is admirably logical. Part I (Chapters 1-13) GOvers description, with a general chapter followed by particular rules for twelve differentiated types of materials. Part II (Chapters 21-26) covers headings, uniform titles, and references. The general is followed by the specific and then the ex- ceptional. The chapter numbers stand for particular types of materials or headings, making it easier to use than the first edi- tion. References to other pertinent rules are supplied generously throughout. The appendixes on capitalization, ab- breviations, and numerals are fuller and more directive than in the first edition. The glossary covers more types of materials, as do the rules; and it redefines terms in keep- ing with the point of view of this edition. There is a comprehensive forty-seven-page index. A more international flavor is conveyed by certain anglicisms: catalogue (formerly catalog), full stop (formerly period); ver- nacular flourishes: 3 3 ed. (formerly 3. ed.); and the addition of U. S. to headings here and there: New York (U. S. : State) (for- merly taken for granted), entirely appro- priate for an edition written by librarians from Britain, Canada, and the United States to be adopted in these countries and wher- ever else. In this spirit we award an Alpha Plus for style and format. In reviewing content, it is not our pur- pose to cover the minutiae of the changes from the first edition. That has been done in Cataloging Service Bulletin 2:2-29 (Fall 1978), in Library of Congress Information Bulletin 37:640-52 (Oct. 20, 1978), and elsewhere in the library press . Rather, we want to consider certain selected aspects of the new rules and how their adoption will be likely to affect the academic library: staff .use; impact on past cataloging; their en- hancement of the art of cataloging; and how they might affect the library user. Most of the changes in the new edition (AACR 2) continue trends that have be emerging for years . International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) was adopted for monographs four years ago. It has, as expected, spread to cover the twelve defined types of materials; and its terminol- ogy and categories are central to the rules for description. Its terms "chief source of in- formation" (title page, etc.) and "access points" (main and added entry headings) lead us beyond the printed book and tra- ditional stereotypes. The concept of main entry is eroding but not altogether relinquished. A somewhat apologetic paragraph in the general intro- duction (0.5) explains its usefulness for cita- tions or single entry listings, but its applica- tion is far more limited. Main entry under editor or compiler was dropped in 1975. Now corporate body as main entry has been whittled away to a minimum. In the glos- sary, the entry for "author" is a see refer- ence to "personal author," although a corpo- rate body may act as an entity from which works emanate, in certain narrowly defined circumstances (21.1B). Again, this continues a trend, extending the limitations to corpo- rate main entry started in AACR 1. Rules for main entry are confined to a single chap- ter. An item to be cataloged is described for what it is: microform, serial, three- dimensional artifact, or other; and then the choice of access points is made. The rules for access points are intended to apply to any type of material. A principal difference in these new rules is the way in which a form of name is cho- sen and what it will look like. The name of a person will be in the form by which the person is "commonly known," and the name of a corporate body will be in the form by which it is "predominantly identified." Much checking of title pages and reference works is required when a form of name is established, with the possibility of unending future changes in form. The rules in AACR 1 led to a fair amount of title page monitoring and reassessment of form. Even so, they did end up with a rule on the preferred form with personal author forms coming to rest at the fullest form on a title page (with exceptions) and corporate entr prms coming to rest at the briefest adequate form (also with exceptions). The amount of changing demanded for currently publishing personal authors under those rules led to a statement by the Library of Congress (Cataloging Service 106:3 (May 1973), that changing to a fuller form or name would not be done until 75 percent of the author's title pages bore it. · Reference tools to meet every need in the arts and humanities- from current awareness to in-dep~h re~rospec~ive searches. 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Telex : 84-5305 ~------------------~ 274 I College & Research Libraries • May 1979 The new rules have the virtue of being succinctly stated and are quite sensible from the point of view of user recognition. How- ever, application seems a restless and theo- retically endless exercise. It has b~en suggested that a national (international?) au- thentication center be set up, with a man- date to collect data and keep the official count on what forms are gaining or losing predominance. Decision on whether to e nte r a govern- ment agency under th e nam e for the gov- ernment, or b y itself, now relies on the dis- tincti ve n ess of th e agency's name rather than on its function , so that fewer points n ee d to b e consider e d in th e decision- making process. If th e nam e for a govern- ment is to be us e d , rul es for choosing its form start in Chapter 23, "Geog raphic Names." Geographic or place names are no longer set by th e . S. Board on Geographic Names, but b y "gazettee rs and other refer- ence sources published in English-speaking countries." As stated in 23.2A, " if the English form of the name of a place is th e English na';ne of Heritage on Microfllm Rare and out-of-print titles and documents on 35mm silver halide microfilm. • French Books before 1601 • Scandinavian Culture • 18th Century English Literature • Victorian Fiction • Literature of Folklore • Hispanic Culture Send for catalog and title information today. GENERJ\L MICROFilM COMP~Y 100 Inman St., Cambridge , MA 02139 Tel. (617) 864-2820 the government that has jurisdiction over the place, use that form." This leads to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (for- merly kept under the earlier form Russia); United Kingdom (formerly kept under one of the earlier forms, Great Britain); and, we infer from an example in 23.4H, Argentina (formerly Argentine Republic, a form that would seem to have less scope). Union of Sovi et Socialist Republics would apparently be use d for government publications issued after 1921. An example in Chapter 26, "References" (26.3C1b), explains the way that what is now Great Britain is to be done: England: for publications issue d before 1536 England and Wales: for official publications issue d 1536-1706 Great Britain : for official publications issued 1707- 1800 United Kingdom: for official publications issue d 1801 to date The rule for this is not new , but its appli- cation to Great Britain is . The directives in the rules are clear on each particular point. However, to assign the main entry form for , say, an official publication of Elizabeth I of England and Wales , it is necessary to check carefully through several chapters, and perhaps reference sources, before arriving at: England and Wales. Sovereign (1558- 1603 : Elizabeth I) In adopting AACR 2, the library staff will need to learn the new rules and their appli- cation. The Resources and Technical Ser- vices Division of the American Library As- sociation is arranging for training workshops (Library of Congress Information Bulletin 37:712 [Nov. 17, 1978]) , and these will be of great assistance. Numerous conferences and institutes about AACR 2 and its implemen- tation have been scheduled as well. AACR 2 offers many options: what issues of a work should be given a separate catalog entry; how much detail to use in describing a work; what additions to make to names for full er identification; whether to use general or specific cross-references; and so on. In practice, most academic libraries want rec- ords compatible with those of the Library of Congress; so information about AACR 2 options to be followed by the Library of Congress is important (e.g. , Cataloging Ser- vice Bulletin 2:18-29 [Fall 1978]). The second edition is much easier to use than the first edition; however, it is more demanding. ISBD demands more analysis of what is being recorded than earlier rules for description did, and more plate and page counting; but catalogers have been using ISBD for several years for monographs and are accustomed to it . Many catalogers have been using MARC formats as well. The de- tailed coding and categorization demanded by MARC is similar to, though not identical to, ISBDs , and the two must be correlated for each record, another continuing de - mand . Much less time should be required to de- cide what access point should be a main en- try; much more time, for what form the names used as access points should take and working out what is " commonly known ," "predominant," or " distinctive ," all rather fluid concepts. The uniform title provisions in AACR 1 were not widely used , and es- tablishing forms and cross-references for uniform titles will also add to cataloging time. The problem in current cataloging of whether AACR 1 rules apply , or whether an older ALA form is still being used, will no longer exist. Most academic libraries are still using card catalogs , and the impact that adopting AACR 2 would have on the card catalog is being assessed by libraries across the United States. The first Library of Congress study found that more than a third of cur- rently used headings would be incompatible with the new rules and that 49 percent of the existing MARC records (the com-· puterized tape records LC has produced since 1968) would need revision . Librarians at Johns Hopkins University have an- nounced that their study showed that more than 2,000 cards would have to be changed each week at their filing rate. The Library of Congress is now proposing not to adopt some of AACR 2' s provisions (most notably, not to change Great Britain ), reducing incompatibility to around 11 per- cent (Library of Congress Information Bul- letin 37:710-12 [Nov. 17, 1978]). However, the prospect of having to change even 11 percent of the headings in a card catalog, Recent Publications I 275 Special Report: Circulation Control Systems: The Options The January I February issue of Library Technology Reports (LTR) is devoted to a report on circulation control systems by Richard W. Boss, a management consultant and former Director of Libraries at Princeton Uni- versity. The report is written from the point of view of a library director, ex- plores all the available options, and is based upon the premise that there is no one best system for all applica- tions. Boss gives his description of the performance criteria of an ideal sys- tem and reports on individual systems in relation to these criteria. Other important points covered in the report are: contract negotiations, site preparation, installation and formal acceptance of a new system, and a prediction for the future of automated circulation. A glossary of automation terms is included. January /February 1979 Issue ................. . $40 Library Technology Reports American Library Association 50 East Huron Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 276 I College & Research Libraries • May 1979 some of which may appear on hundreds of cards, is not a happy one either to those who would do the work or those responsible for cost-effective library management. Interfiling different forms of the same name is tolerable here and there but causes confusion in users and dizziness in filers if it is extensive. Nor is the thought of a maze of see also references, linking incompatible forms, much more appealing. As a result, many libraries are planning to close their current catalogs and to start others with the adoption of AACR 2. The impact of the new rules is not confined to catalog records. Serial control records are usually based on entry forms. The book numbers added to the classifica- tion numbers are derived from main entry forms. The cataloging and classification of library materials are important investments accounting for perhaps 25 percent of library revenue and staff time, and the prospect of instant obsolescence, proposed for January 2, 1981, is unnerving. With this prospect before us, asking how the new rules advance the art of cataloging may seem to be an exceedingly curious question. With what object in view is it proposed that libraries break with an index- ing system and classification system that have been maintained inviolate (more or less) for many decades? That is, in fact, quite clear. The progression is: (1) agreed-on interna- tional cataloging standards; (2) standard and compatible computer tape records produced by each country for its publications and ex- changed. AACR 2 is a step in this direction, though not an entirely firm one . Recom- mendations of the IFLA Working Group on Corporate Headings (Cataloging Service Bulletin 2:30--44 [Fall 1978]) propose ver- nacular forms of names (Venezia, Deutsch- land [Bundesrepublik], Ecclesia Catholica) and a return to entering a government agency under the name for the government if it has an administrative function. How- ever, the goal is worthy, the technology exists, and such variations can be handled as they arise. The following progression offers another and parallel prospect: 1. Libraries close down labor-intensive in-house catalogs , which repeat the work done in other libraries for essentially the same material. 2. Libraries join networks using and con- tributing to large data bases of MARC rec- ords. The records are tied to an authority control system, supplying authenticated forms of names and the appropriate cross- references. These authority files allow forms on records to be changed easily when this is necessary or desirable. 3. Local and regional records can be de- rived from the main data base as desired. Any record base can be searched by name, title, subject, classification, and keyword combinations and for holdings in particular libraries. 4. Some libraries agree to collect material intensively in limited and specified subject areas and to analyze and annotate this mate- rial fully. Records for this material are added to the data base. This progression, with various modifica- tions in detail, has been suggested for sev- eral years . It is now technically possible and may become economically feasible. Many academic libraries are involved in its early stages. Assessing the effect of the adoption of AACR 2 on the library user must, we think, take into consideration these pos- sibilities rather than limiting it to the merits of particular usages or types of references proposed. If AACR 2 provides the impetus for this, it will have rendered a great ser- vice. AACR 2 , as we have suggested, can well be the catalyst for bringing about far- reaching, . indeed revolutionary, change in accepted patterns and procedures of biblio- graphic control. That there are problems in implementation , some presently identified and others yet to be defined, is clear. Far from the least of these is the matter of costs-costs on national and international levels and the costs of change in our own li- braries. The rules have been published. Now the critical factor is their implementa- tion .-Lois Hacker and]. R. Moore , Grad- uate School and University Center , The City University of New York. Heaps, H. S. Information Retrieval: Com- putational and Theoretical Aspects. Li- brary and Information Science. New York: Academic Press, 1978. 344p.