College and Research Libraries work, which combines a high degree of scholarship and a wide practical expertise. The monograph is well indexed and well designed as a communication arts book should be. A glossary of terms would be useful, as would be an appendix of abbrevi- ations found throughout the book. For the American reader, the National Film Library, formed in 1935, now the Na- tional Film Archive, and the references to BBC programming will reinforce the aware- ness that British techniques of information storage and retrieval are indeed highly ad- vanced, given impetus and support by the well-supported public services aspect of British programming. Although the work is highly specialized in its major application, it contains much practical information and is recommended as a source book of information on film and information retrieval techniques in a signifi- cant format.-Gloria Terwilliger, Director of Learning Resources, Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria. OTHER BOOKS OF INTEREST TO ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS Atkinson, Frank. Librarianship. Hamden, Conn.: Linnet Books, Shoestring Press, 1974. 112p. (ISBN 0-208-01351-2). R. R. Bowker & Co. El-Hi Textbooks in Print 1974. New York: Bowker, 1974. 466p. $19.95. (70-105104). (ISBN 0- 8352-0697-1) . Carey, R. J. P. Library Guiding. Hamden, Conn.: Linnet Books, Shoestring Press, 1974. 186p. $10.00. (73-18477). (ISBN 0-208-01350-4). Downs, Robert B. British Library Re- Recent Publications I 303 sources. Chicago: American Library Assn., 1974. 332p. $25.00. (73-1598). (ISBN 0-8389-0150-6). Gale Research Co. Book Review Index: 1972 Cumulation. Detroit: Gale Re- search, 1973. 530p. $45.00. (ISBN 0- 8103-0557-7). Greene, Jon S., ed. Standard EducationAl- manac 1973!74. Orange, N.J.: Academic Media, 1973. 506p. $25.00. (68-3442). (ISBN 0-87876-039-3). London, Keith. Documentation Standards. New York: Mason & Lipscomb, 1974. 253p. $12.50. (73-12155). (ISBN 0- 88405-052-1 ) . Marc 2 Research. Index to All Books on the Physical Sciences in English, 1967 through January, 1974. Rockville, Md.: Marc 2 Research, 1974. 457p. $27.00. (74-75515). (ISBN 0-914358-01-4). Marshall, John David. Of, By, and For Li- brarians. Hamden, Conn.: Shoestring, 1974. 242p. $8.00. (73-16428). (ISBN 0-208-01333-4). Sugden, Virginia M. The Graduate Thesis. New York: Pitman, 1973. 157p. $6.95. (73-82105). Trzyna, Thaddeus C., ed. Directory of Con- sumer Protection and Environmental Agencies. Orange, N.J.: Academic Me- dia, 1973. 627p. $39.50. (72-75952). (ISBN 0-87876-032-6). U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1973. 344p. $2.45. (73-13449). (ISBN 0-262-08070-2). Waters, Marie B. Worldwide Directory of Computer Companies, 1973-7 4. Orange, N.J.: Academic Media, 1973. 633p. $39.50. (77-114301). (ISBN 0-87876- 33-4). · ABSTRACTS The following abstracts are based on those prepare.d by the ERIC Clear- inghouse on Information Resources, Stanford Center for Research and De- velopment in Teaching, School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Documents with an ED number may be ordered in either microfiche (MF) or hard copy (HC) only from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, P.O. Drawer 0, Bethesda, MD 20014. Orders must include ED number and specification of format desired. A $0.50 handling charge will be added to aU orders. Payment must accompany orders totaling less than $10.00. Orders from states with sales tax laws must include payment of the appropriate tax or include tax exemption certificates. Documents available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151 have NTIS number and price following the citation. Library Job Descriptions, Examples Cov- ering Major Work Areas. Dale E. Shaf- fer. 1973. 44p. (ED 078 845, MF- $0.65). The writing of job descriptions is a uni- versal management practice in every type of organization. Whatever the size or type of library, the need exists for written de- scriptions of every job performed. There are no standard job descriptions available be- cause work duties differ among libraries. Tasks are grouped differently and jobs are given different titles. The organization of a small library, for example, is quite differ- ent from that of the large library having a high degree of specialization. Total work performed in operating different types of libraries is delegated in widely varying ways. This is a fact of librarianship and probably cannot be avoided. The job de- scriptions presented herein are offered as examples for library directors to use as guidelines in drafting statements to fit their own particular operations. In total, the de- scriptions attempt to cover most of the ma- jor work activities performed in libraries, whether they be in public, college, univer- sity, or special libraries. Although the state- ments were prepared for use in a small col- lege library, they are equally adaptable to any type of library. It is highly recommend- ed that a unique job description be written for every job in every library. Professional management requires the use of such tools 304 I in the proper allocation and division of work. Library Goals and Obectives: Literature Review. Norman J. Crum, ERIC Clear- inghouse on Library and Information Sci- ence, Washington, D.C. 1973. 42p. (ED 082 794, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). The literature of library goals and objec- tives is reviewed, evaluated, and structured to serve those in university, public, and spe- cial libraries who are planning the future direction of their organizations. The empha- sis is upon overall goals and objectives-not low-level, organizational nor state or other area-type goals. Background factors and trends, types and definitions, benefits and importance, broad surveys, guidelines and problems of formulation, further research recommendations, and a bibliography of 141 references, arranged by author, make up the review. Faculty Loan Regulations in ARL Aca- demic Libraries. University Libraries Technical Paper No. 4. Paul Gherman and others, Wayne State University, De- troit, Michigan. 1973. 9p. (ED 082 792, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). A survey of faculty loan regulations in force at Association of Research Libraries ( ARL) academic libraries indicated that there is little equity, between faculty and students, of loan regulations; that it is not possible to determine loan policies from the regulations that support policy; and that many of the libraries appear to be unable to force compliance with faculty loan regu- lations. Academic Library Statistics: 1963/64 to 1971/72. A Compilation of Statistics from the Seventy-Eight University Li- brary Members of the Association of Research Libraries. Association of Re- search Libraries, Washington, D.C. 1972. 119p. (ED 082 791, MF-$0.65, HC- $6.58). Statistical data is presented in tabular form for the member libraries of the Asso- ciation of Research Libraries ( ARL) under the following headings: volumes in library, volumes added (gross), volumes added (net) , total microform units in library, cur- rent periodicals, professional staff full time equivalents, nonprofessional staff full time equivalents, total staff full time equivalents, student assistants full time equivalents, li- brary materials, binding, total materials in binding, total salaries and wages, other op- erating expenditures, total library operating expenditures, Ph.D.'s awarded, and number of Ph.D. fields. Advice on Making a College Orientation Video-Tape. Margaret Guss and others. 1973. 9p. (ED 082 781, MF-$0.65, HC -$3.29). The purpose of this article is to assist li- brarians who are preparing a videotape orientation program suitable for large au- diences, composed mainly of college fresh- men. It results from the authors' experi- ences of planning and taping a television library orientation program and is directed toward the librarian who is required to pre- pare such a program but is inexperienced in videotaping. Stress is placed upon the practical, videotaping hints and common pitfalls to be avoided, rather than the tech- nical aspects. Proposal for a University of California/ California State University and Colleges Inter-Segmental Machine-Readable Li- Recent Publications I 305 brary Patron Card. By Kenneth Weeks, California University, Berkeley, Institute of Library Research. 1973. 27p. (ED 082 777, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). It is proposed that the University of Cali- fornia and the California State University and Colleges systems cooperate in the de- velopment of a compatible machine-read- able library patron card or badge that would meet the requirements of campuses in both systems. For discussion purposes, this report suggests the basic features to be included in such a card. As to physical characteristics, the card should be designed to be compatible with a wide variety of available badge reader I transactor equip- ment. As to contents, the card should in- clude the following machine-readable ele- ments: borrower J.D. number (Social Se- curity number when available), borrower status code, and campus code. A campus coding scheme is suggested. Borrower name, borrower status code, university or college (including campus) name, and val- idation or expiration date should be human- readable. Signing of the card should be ac- complished as part of the card preparation process; inclusion of photograph could be left to local option. The back of the card should carry conditions governing its use, as well as campus administrative informa- tion. Interlibrary Loan Borrowing: A Method- ology for Analysis. By Michael A. New- sham. 1973. 120p. (ED 082 771, MF- ·$0.65, HC-$6.58). The research reported in this paper ex- amined data related to the characteristics of interlibrary loan borrowers, the ma- terial borrowed, the question of cost and time it takes to acquire the material, and staff information and procedures. The vari- ables were coded onto computer cards and then tabulated into frequency tables by the computer. There were four major findings discovered as a result of this investigation. First, the average total time it takes for a request to be filled is twenty-three days. Borrowing costs were insignificant, while 75 percent of the photocopied requests cost only ten cents per page. The concept of a heavy user of interlibrary loan from one de- 306 I College & Research Libraries • July 1974 partment or agency was the third major finding. The fourth and final finding was the percentage breakdown of the number of requests filled on successive passes. This methodology could conceivably be applied to the interlibrary loan services of other medium and large research libraries. Library Automation: Guidelines to Cost- ing. By Geoffrey Ford. Office for Scien- tific and Technical Information, London, England. 1973. 60p. (ED 082 757, MF- $0.65). As with all new programs, the costs asso- ciated with library automation must be carefully considered before implementation. This document suggests guidelines to be followed and areas to be considered in the costing of library procedures. An existing system model has been suggested as a stan- dard (Appendix A) and a classification of library tasks originally devised for the Brit- ish Library is put forward as a tentative ba- sis for a standard (Appendix B) . A check list of cost headings is given in Appendix G. Given a basis such as is provided by these, the costing of manual and automated procedures can proceed. Appendices C- F refer to particular data recording methods. The heads to be considered in costing pro- posed systems (in particular, automated systems) are covered in some detai'l, and it is recommended that decisions on imple- mentation of new systems are made only after estimates of costs have been made for a well-defined planning period. An accurate knowledge of costs assists in the decision- making process. Costing is a straightfor- ward exercise when carried out systemat- ically; the difficult task is the allocation of resources. In the university field this in- cludes a long look at the university as a whole, and this work is now beginning to be done. The appendices to this report are intended to give assistance in the analysis of costs and the preparation of budgets. A Study with Computer-Based Circulation Data of the Non-Use and Use of a Large Academic Library. Final Report. By John Lubans, Jr., and others. Colorado University, Boulder, Libraries. 1973. 85p. (ED 082 756, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). Computer-based circulation systems, it is widely believed, can be utilized to provide data for library use studies. The study de- scribed in this report involves using such a data base to analyze aspects of library use and non-use and types of users. Another major objective of this research was the test- ing of machine-readable circulation data serving as the resource for a variety of com- puter-based studies. These studies were de- signed to supply information for decision making in libraries in such areas as collec- tion development and book budget alloca- tions. This document reports upon a study of the value of computer-based circulation data in administrative decision making in a large academic library. Computer pro- grams were written to produce a variety of outputs including listings for survey pur- poses of non-users/ users; books most fre- quently used ; use of the library by depart- ment or major of the user; and, the use of books by their classification code by aca- demic level of user. It is the conclusion of this study that such experimental by-prod- ucts of a computer-based circulation system offer useful data for book selection, bud- getary allocation, and the surveying of the library's clientele. A major question is raised as to what is library use/non-use. From the survey in this study it may be i'n- correct to categorize users or non-users as individuals who do or do not take out books for home use. Standards Recommended for Canadian Community College Libraries. Canadian Association of College and University Li- braries, Ottawa (Ontario) . Canadian Community College Library Committee. 1973. 9p. (ED 081 458, MF-$3.00). In November 1970, the Canadian Asso- ciation of College and University Libraries appointed a committee to examine existing standards and to recommend to the associa- tion's membership, standards appropriate to Canadian community colleges. Under the heading of Qualitative Standards recom- mendations are made for administration and organization, the budget, building, col- lections, services, and staff. Quantitative Standards recommendations cover the budget, collections, seating, and staff. ..