College and Research Libraries 218 I College & Research Libraries • May 1974 fleet the conference theme which was to ex- plore problems and current practices in li- brary orientation and instruction. In the first article, Mary Jo Lynch offers sound advice which is applicable to the planning phase of any type of instructional program. This article should also be of par- ticular interest to those librarians who are considering transplanting the Earlham Col- lege Library type program to a university setting. The second article by Marvin E. Wiggins of Brigham Young University describes an instructional program which utilizes pro- grammed type instructional devices. For those interested in an instructional program which utilizes these devices, this article de- scribes a rigorous methodology for develop- ing them and for evaluating their effective- ness. After a rather long and rambling intro- duction which dominates the third article, Alice Clark of Ohio State University sketches a computer assisted instructional program which her library is preparing and testing. The final article, by Charlotte Millis of Wabash College, is entitled .. Involving Stu- dents in Library Orientation Projects: A Commitment to Help." Set in a small col- lege and funded initially by a Council on Library Resources grant, the purpose of this unusual program is to develop an aware- ness by students of the library and to help them discover it for themselves. The li- brary is thus represented not just as a col- lection of resources, but as an aid to de- velop the potential of each student. Ms. Millis states, "It is my belief that the key to orientation is being open to experiences which can involve students in actual on- going library work, work which relates to their own particular interests and personal thrust. It is also offering them measurable results of their efforts-a product or effect they helped create-either a publication or a satisfied client." Through the freshman seminar program and a variety of other pro- grams described in this article, the bound- ary between library and student is softened. Students serve as reference assistants at the reference desk and as bibliographic coun- selors in the dormitories. Students are also encouraged to design library displays, de- velop vertical files on topics of interest to students, create bibliographies, and design guides to the library from the student point of view. I believe Ms. Millis articulates rather well the role librarians involved in instruc- tional service programs see for themselves when she asks, "Rather . than being dis- pensers of information, merely giving stu- dents the facts, can we not see our role as facilitating total learning experiences so the student becomes less a recipient and more a creator, less a performer and more an ex- plorer?" However, there are no hard and fast rules about how to achieve these ends, as is attested to by this book. A major value of this work is that it does provide a de- scription of a body of experience gained by individuals who have helped to define or establish instructional programs, programs which themselves employ a variety of means to achieve their ends. The title is misleading, however, if it is interpreted to infer that this book contains proven meth- ods for motivating students to use the li- brary. None of the authors really discuss the issue of whether or not students who participate in library instructional programs use the library more often or more effective- ly. Long-term evaluation of the results of these programs lies in the future.-]ohn R. H aak, Associate University Librarian, U ni- versity of California, San Diego. OTHER BOOKS OF INTEREST TO ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS CORRECTION OF A JANUARY CITATION: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co., Inc. Reference Catalogue of Indian Books. 3 vols. New York: The Au- thor, 1973. 3-volume set. $105.00. Boaz, Martha. Toward the Improvement of Library Education. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1973. 168p. $10.00. (LC 73-82167) (ISBN 0-87287- 075-8). Bosseau, Don. University of California, San Diego Serials System. The LARC Asso- ciation, Volume 1, issue 2, 1973. Peoria: LARC Press, Ltd. Boyer, Calvin James. The Doctoral Disser- tation as an Information Source: A Study of Scientific Information Flow. Metuch- en, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., I973. I39p. $5.00. (LC 73-5548) (ISBN 0- 8I 08-0623-I) . Davies, Ruth Ann. The School Library Me- dia Center. New York: R. R. Bowker Co., I974. 484p. $I2.50. (LC 73-I8II4) (ISBN 0-8352-064I-6). Delk, James H. A Comprehensive Diction- ary of Audiology. Sioux City, Iowa: The Hearing Aid Journal, 1973. 175p. (LC 73-89089). Demos, John T. University of Louisville Se- rial System. The LARC Association, Vol- ume I, issue 3, 1973. Peoria: LARC Press, Ltd. Galvin, Thomas J. The Case Method in Li- brary Education and In-Service Training. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1973. 294p. $7.50. (LC 73-11255) (ISBN 0- 8108-0646-0). Gidwani, N. N., ed. Comparative Librari- anship, Essays in Honour of Professor D. N. Marshall. Portland, Ore.: Inter- national Scholarly Book Services, Inc., 1973. 245p. $10.50. Gillespie, John T., and Spirt, Diana L. Cre- ating a School Media Program. New York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1974. 236p. $11.50. (LC 77-164032) (ISBN 0-8352- 0484-7). Hamilton, Beth A., and Brown, Eva R., eds. Libraries and Information Centers in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Hins- dale, Ill.: Illinois Regional Library Coun- cil, 1973. 499p. (LC 73-89540). Held, Ray E. The Rise of the Public Li- brary in Oalifornia. Chicago: American Library Assn., I973. 203p. $12.50. (LC 73-I2719) (ISBN 0-8389-0124-7). Hershfield, A. F. Effecting Change in Li- brary Education; Taylor, R. S. Curricu- lum Design for Library and Information Science. (Education & Curriculum Se- ries #1) Syracuse, N.Y.: Publications Of- fice, School of Library Science, Syracuse University, 1973. 87p. $1.75. Highfill, Philip H., Jr., et al, eds. A Bio- graphical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers, and Oth- er Stage Personnel in Lon.don 1660- 1800. Vols. I & 2. Carbondale: Southern Recent Publications I 219 Illinois University Press, 1973. Vol. 1 443p., Vol. 2 487p., $19.85 each volume. (LC 71-157068) (ISBN 0-8093-0518-6). Hogg, Peter C. The African Slave Trade and Its Suppression, A Classified and Annotated Bibliography of Books, Pamphlets and Periodicals Articles. Port- land, Ore.: International Scholarly Book Services, Inc., 1973. 409p. $38.50. (LC 72-90130) (ISBN 0-7146-2775-5). 'Jones, Karen, ed. International Index to Film Periodicals 1972. New York: Bowker, 1973. 344p. Kim, Choong H., ed. Library Management: Quantifying Goals. (Changing Concept Series No. 2) Papers presented at the Fourth Annual Library Science Institute, April 27-29, 1972, Allendale Lodge, In- diana State University, Terre Haute, In- diana. Terre Haute: Department of Li- brary Science, 1973. 82p. Kneifel, John. World Directory of Civil ~v~­ ation Institutes and Governmental Ozml Aviation Departments. Berlin, Germany: J. L. Kneifel, 1000 Berlin 12 (Charlot- tenburg) Mommsenstrasse 21, 1973. 124p. $15.00. Ladd Everett C., Jr., and Lipset, Seymour M;rtin. Professors, Unions, and American Higher Education. (Domestic Affairs Study No. 16.) Washington, D.C.: Ameri- can Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1973. 123p. Lemke, Antje B. Art and Museum Librari- anship: A Syllabus and Bibliography. (Bibliographic Studies # 1) Syracuse: Publications Office, School of Library Science, Syracuse University, I973. 65p. $3.00. McEldowney, W. J. New Zealand University Library Resources. Report of a Survey Carried out in 1972 for the New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Comm. New Zealand: Library, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 1973. 177p. $NZ4.00. New Serial Titles 1950-1970. New York; R. R. Bowker Co., 1974. 4 vol. set. $190.00. (LC 53-60021) (ISBN 0-8352- 0556-8). Phillips, Audrey E., comp. and ed. Guide to Special Collections, University of Cal- ifornia, Berkeley Library. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1973. 157p. 220 f College & Research Libraries • May 1974 $5.00. (LC 73-9572) (ISBN 0-8108- 0657-6). Pownall, David E. Articles on Twentieth Century Literature: An Annotated Bibli- ography 1954-1970. Vols. 1- 3. New York: Kraus-Thomson, 1973. Reginald, Robert, and Burgess, M. R., eds. Cumulative Paperback Index 1939-1959. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1973. 362p. $24.00. (LC 73-6866). Rishworth, Susan Knoke, comp. Spanish- Speaking Africa, A Guide to Official Pub- lications. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1973. 66p. $1.00. (LC 73- 10274) (ISBN 0-8444-0104-8). Shockley, Ann Allen, and Chandler, Sue P. Living Black American Authors. New York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1973. 220p. $12.95. (LC 73-17005) (ISBN 0-8352- 0662-9). Skinner, G. William, ed. Modern Chinese Society: An Analytical Bibliography. 3 vols. Vol. 1, Publications in Western Lan- guages, 1644-1972. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973. 802p. $35.00. (LC 70-130831) (ISBN 0-8047-0751-0). Skinner, G. William, and Hsieh, Winston, eds. Modern Chinese Society: An Ana- lytical Bibliography. 3 vols. Vol. 2, Pub- lications in Chinese, 1644-1969. Stan- ford: Stanford University Press, 1973. 801p. $38.00. (LC 70-130831) (ISBN 0-8047-0752-9). Skinner, G. William, and Tomita, Shigeaki, eds. Modern Chinese Society: An Ana- lytical Bibliography. 3 vols. Vol. 3, \Publi- cations in Japanese, 1644-1971. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973. 531p. $32.00. (LC 70-130831) (ISBN 0-8047- 0753-7). State University of New York. Report of the Advisory Committee on Planning for the Academic Libraries of New York State. Albany, New York: The State Edu- cation Department, Division of Library Development, 1973. Tukey, John W. Index to Statistics and Probability: The Citation Index. Los Altos, California: The R & D Press, 1973. 1,269p. Witherell, Julian W. Africana Acquisitions, Report of a Publication Survey Trip to Nigeria, Southern Africa, and Europe, 1972. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1973. 122p. $2.10. (LC 73- 9620) (ISBN 0-8444-0095-5) . l I ~ I 1 I ABSTRACTS The following abstracts are based on those prepared by the ERIC Clear- inghouse on Information Resources, Stanford Center for Research and De- velopment in Teaching, School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Documents with an ED number may be ordered in either microfiche (MF) or hard copy (HC) only from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, P.O. Drawer 0, Bethesda, MD 20014. Orders must include ED number and specification of format desired. A $0.50 handling charge will be a.dded to aU orders. Payment must accompany orders totaling less than $10.00. Orders from states with sales tax laws must include payment of the appropriate tax or include tax exemption certificates. Documents available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151 have NTIS number and price following the citation. 'PROBE' Computer Search of the ERIC Tapes. Eva L. Kiewitt, Indiana Univer- sity, Bloomington, School of Education. 1973. 9p. (ED 075 050, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). PROBE, a search and retrieval program, was developed in 1970 at Indiana Univer- sity to search the computer tape bases for the two ERIC publications, Research in Education (RIE) and Current Index to Journals in Education (CI]E). The ERIC tapes are received, converted, and com- bined at the university and implemented on the . Wrubel Computing Center CDC 6600. This brief paper reviews the early ex- perimental stages of the program and docu- ments the project growth in staff and num- ber of searches conducted in response to user requests. (A more detailed description of the PROBE program is ED 059 596.) The National Union Catalog, Reference and Related Services. John W. Kimball, Jr., Comp., and Ruth S. Freitag. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. General Reference and Bibliography Division. 1973. 36p. (ED 075 036, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). The National Union Catalog (NUC) is a record of publications and their location in more than 1,100 libraries in the United States and Canada. As such, it is the cen- tral register of library resources in North America. Major portions of the NUC are published on a continuing basis, but most of the records for imprints before 1956 con- sist of card files housed principally in the Main Building of the Library of Congress, on Deck 33. The Union Catalog Division, until its abolition in July 1970, exercised most NUC functions, including liaison with the public, but now the various activities relating to the NUC are distributed among several Library of Congress divisions. The various functions and services of the NUC are discussed. The Invisible Medium: The State of the Art of Microform and a Guide to the Literature. Frances G. Spigai, ERIC Clearinghouse on Library and Informa- tion Sciences, Washington, D.C.; ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Media and Technology, Stanford University, Cali- fornia. 1973. 38p. (ED 075 029, MF- $0.65, HC-$3.29). Thirteen micrographic events have been identified which are expected to have the greatest impact on the libraries of today and tomorrow. They can be divided into two groups: Nine are of a technological na- ture and involve micrographic products; the remaining four are basically educational in nature and reflect positive responses from the library community to a changing mi- crographic technology. Most of the thirteen have taken place within the past five years. Only recently have most events become powerful enough to have an individual ef- fect on library practice. It is at this point in time, however, that a true synergy of the influence of these events is rendering the I 221 222 I College & Research Libraries • May 1974 current level of library-micrographic knowl- edge obsolete. The thirteen events to be discussed within the framework of this re- port are briefly presented. The author de- scribes the many types of microforms, ex- plains the differences between each type, and discusses the uses, benefits, and draw- backs of the various microforms. Included are a discussion of related technological events of the past decade and a list of mi- croform equipment. Many technical terms are defined such as those describing the re- production process of the various micro- form types. Also included is an annotated bibliography of the literature of micro- graphics. The Development of a Computerized Re- gional Library System. Final Report. Frederick G. Kilgour and Hillis D. Davis, Camps. Ohio College Library Center, Columbus. 1973. 58p. (ED 080 117, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). The purpose of the research and develop- ment described in this report is to imple- ment and operate an on-line, computerized regional library system that makes avail- able to faculty and students in individual colleges and universities the library re- sources throughout a region, while at the same time decelerating the rate of rise of per-student library costs. The major intel- lectual problem solved in the course of the investigation was -the design of on-line com- puter files of bibliographic records and a technique for efficient retrieval of biblio- graphic data from the files employing de- rived, truncated search keys. The research and development culminated in the success- ful implementation of an on-line union cata- log and shared cataloging system. A variety of libraries, large and small, had demon- strated that the system not only could slow the rate of rise of per-student costs but also could effect net savings for libraries. The conclusions of this report are that the Ohio College Library Center ( OCLC) system does make available library resources throughout a region to individuals at a par- ticipating institution, that it decelerates the rate of rise of per-student costs and can ef- fect net savings, and that it is transferrable to other-regions. Conversion of Periodical Holdings to Mi- croform: A Rating Form. Philip John Schwarz, Wisconsin University-Stout, Menomonie. Pierce Library. 1973. 8p. (ED 080 125, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). The past decade has seen an increasing number of libraries move to convert their periodical holdings to microform. The very practical problem arises of how to deter- mine which part of the collection should be converted and in what priority. A simple, yet effective, tool for use in non-research oriented colleges and universities is de- scribed. Placement Services in Accredited Library Schools. Helen Rippier Wheeler, Amer- ican Library Association, Social Respon- sibilities Round Table. Task Force on the Status of Women in Librarianship. 1973. 17p. (ED 078 847, MF-$0.65, HC- $3.29). A questionnaire was mailed to t,he chief administrative officer of each of the fifty- one accredited library schools in the United States at the beginning of January 1973 by the Committee on Accreditation of the American Library Association. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the type of placement services offered by the library schools because library schools seem to provide the main access to employment for many professional librarians and for most new graduates beginning their careers. Specifically, the questionnaire sought to de- termine the status of women in librarian- ship and what role the placement services have played regarding female librarians. The tabulated results of the questionnaire, which show that library school placement is not generally socially responsible (i.e., is sexist) , are included along with a copy of the questionnaire. Evaluation of a Computer-Based Catalog- ing Support System for Use by the Cor- nell University Libraries. David Koeh- ler, Barry N. Shrut, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, Graduate School. 1973. 73p. (ED 077 520, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). Cornell University libraries maintains one central technical services processing depart- ment which processes all material for en- dowed division libraries. It is divided into ' -· four functional departments: acquisitions, serials, . cataloging, and catalog mainte- nance. This report is concerned with the latter two functions. The present manual system of cataloging books was analyzed to determine the cost per title. The feasibil- ity and cost effectiveness of installing the Ohio College Library Center ( OCLC) on- line computer system for cataloging was then analyzed. The authors recommend im- plementation of the OCLC system by leas- ing three terminals with a projected cost savings of $5,000 per year. Evaluation of the University of Minnesota Libraries Reference Department Tele- phone Information Service. Pilot Study. Geraldine B. King and Rachel Berry, Minnesota University, Minneapolis, Li- brary School. 1973. 58p. (ED 077 517, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.29). This pilot study was conducted to evalu- ate the telephone reference service of a uni- versity library. Questions were called in by volunteers to several different divisions of the library to try to determine: ( 1) factual accuracy of responses, ( 2) level of inter- viewing by the staff person, .and (3) atti- tude of the staff person. Results of the study are presented, in tables, by divisions which include the reference division, gov- ernment documents division, newspaper di- vision, and the periodical division. General trends were evident, however. Interviewing of the caller was not practiced where it might have helped the staff locate a correct answer. Also the source of an answer was seldom given to the user even though it . was an academic setting where the user would probably find this information of value if not a necessity. Suggestions for further study are m~de and appendix ma- terial includes the original proposal, a rec- ord sheet, sample questions, and an instruc- tion sheet for volunteer callers. Development of a Long-Range Strategic Plan for a University Library; The Cor- nell Experience: Chronicle and Evalua-· tion of the First Year's Effort. William E. McGrath, Cornell University, Ithaca, Recent Publications I 223 New York, University Libraries. 1973. 191p. (ED 077 511, MF-$0.65, HC- $6.58). The purpose of this report is to describe, chronicle, and evaluate for the academic library commtmity at large the Cornell Uni- versity long-itange planning effort. Planning effort is the phrase now used by Cornell li- brarians to describe their recent and con- tinuing experience in developing a plan- ning team, a dynamic long-range strategic plan, participative management, and the planning process itself. The three-way as- sociation between Cornell University li- braries, the Council on Library Resources, which provided the financial resources, and . the American Management Association, which provided the expertise, makes this planning effort unique and of interest to other libraries. This unique planning ef- fort is described and evaluated in this vol- ume. Proposal for an Information Service for University Administrators: Office of Specialized Services-Implementation. Mary B. Cassata and Roger C. Palmer, State University of New York, Buffalo University Libraries. 1973. 16p. (ED 077 540, MF-$0.65, HC-$3.2.9). In response to a directive to the director of libraries, State University of New York at Buffalo, to investigate the possibility of establishing a resource/ research office to handle the specialized reference needs of university administrators, this document outlines a proposed Office of Specialized Services ( OSS). Staff, clientele, and dates of pilot operation are spelled out, along with services to be provided (current awareness, reference service, photocopy ser- vice, literature searches, existing abstracts, requests, special telephone number, special requests) , services not provided (report writing, editing) , staff job descriptions, and proposed development of a data base. Budget requirements and plans· for post- pilot continuation of services are presented. Proposed forms for use by the OSS, includ- ing client profiles, search requests, and re- quest analyses, are appended.