College and Research Libraries NANCY RULING Faculty Status- A Comprehensive Bibliography T IDS BffiLIOGRAPHY REPRESENTS THE RE- SULTS of a thorough literature search through Library Literature, Disserta- tion Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts, and ERIC. I attempt- ed to include all articles, books, letters, and news items directly pertaining to the topic of faculty status. A perusal of the literature reveals a broad spectrum of opinion concerning faculty status. Although it would be somewhat difficult to detect a general consensus concerning the subject, most authors agree that the major problem confronting the instigation of faculty status exists in the lack of a precise defi- nition of all that the term implies. The majority of librarians who have ad- dressed the topic advocate some sort of improved status, whether it be toward identification with the teaching faculty or merely a recognition of librarianship as a worthwhile profession in itself. The individual institutions must dictate the type of status given to their librari- ans, since most operate under different administrative policies and pressures. Often librarians may possess the same educational level and responsibilities as the teaching faculty, while in othet in- stitutions they fall far short of the fac- ulty's qualifications. It becomes obvious that librarians must devise a single and descriptive definition of the term "fac- Ms. H uling is assistant librarian for re- serve and reference, SUNY, Binghamton. 440 I ulty status'' before administration will classify librarians in such a bracket. The subject of faculty status for aca- demic librarians continues to command a great deal of attention; thus, this bib- liography will be outdated in a matter of months. However, it is hoped that it will serve as a guide to the literature concerned with the foundations of fac- ulty status and the major issues in- volved. "Academic Status," American Libraries 3:5 (Jan. 1972). AA UP has defined eligibility require- ments for membership which allow any pro- fessional librarian who holds at least a baH- time appointment at a college or university library to belong to the organization. "Academic Status for Librarians," Book- mark (Idaho) 20:212 (June 1968). Reports that the Faculty Council Com- mittee on Library Affairs at the University of Idaho approved academic rank for librar- ians. The librarians must be judged by the same criteria as other faculty members. "Academic Status for Librarians at Penn State," Pennsylvania Library Association Bulletin 24: 53 (Jan. 1969) . News note relating that librarians at Pennsylvania State University received aca- demic status. "Academic Status for Penn State Librari- ans," American Library Association Bul- letin 63:9 (Jan. 1969). News note stating that Penn State librari- ans received full academic status. When evaluation is made for promotion, compe- tence as librarian is a criterion in addition to general characteristics expected of fac- ulty. "Academic Status, Salaries Surveyed in East," Library Journal 93:2594-95 (July 1968). News note reporting the outcome of a survey conducted among eighty-two aca- demic libraries in the East to discover the prevalence of faculty status. "Academic Status to Librarians at Pennsyl- vania State University Libraries," Wilson Library Bulletin 43:409 (Jan. 1969) . News note reporting the granting of aca- demic status to librarians at Pennsylvania State University. Librarians receive the same rights and privileges as the teaching faculty, "Alfred University Librarians Gain Faculty Status," Library journal 93:40ts6 ( 1 Nov. 1968). News note stating that on September 8, 1968, full faculty status was achieved by professional librarians at Alfred University in New York. Benefits included the nine- month appointment period, comparable sal- aries, review by a promotion and tenure committee, and titles. "All That Rumbling and Only a-Mouse?" The UPC Advocate 3:16 (April1973). Briefly reviews the attempt by California State University and Colleges librarians to attain full faculty status. States that in March 1973, the chancellor's office an- nounced its decision pertaining to the status of librarians. Discusses changes to be made by the chancellor's decision. Faculty status was not granted; alterations were made only in titles assigned to librarians; salaries remained the same and benefits were not added. Allen, P. S. "In the Liberal Arts College- The Reference Librarian, a Professor?" School and Society 39:231-36 (24 Feb. 1934). Proposal for subject specialists in the field of library science, and for closer con- tact with professors and their duties. American Library Association. Association Faculty Status I 441 of College and Research Libraries. Aca- demic Status Committee. "Standards for Faculty Status for College and Univer- sity Librarians; A Proposal," College and Research Libraries News 31:271-72 (Oct. 1970). Presents a list of standards pertaining to faculty status. American Library Association. Association of College and Research Libraries. Aca- demic Status Committee. "Standards for Faculty Status for College and Univer- ·sity Librarians; Revision." College and Research Libraries News, 32:36-37 (Feb. 1971); Library journal 96:1336 (15 April1971). Presents the revisions in the October 1970, ACRL standards for faculty status. American Library Association. Association of College and Research Libraries. Aca- demic Status Committee. "Status of Col- lege and University Librarians," College and Research Libraries 20:399-400 (Sept. 1959). Emphasizes the importance of librarians to the academic community and strongly recommends academic status with corre- sponding faculty privileges. Lists the rea- sons why faculty status should be granted to librarians. American Library Association. Board on Personnel Administration. Classification and Pay Plans for Libraries in I nstitu- tions of Higher Education. Volume 3: Universities. 2d edition. Chicago: ALA, 1947. The report states that since all profes- sional library staff members contribute to the educational program of the institution, they should possess academic rank com- mensurate with deans, teaching staff, and departmental assistants. Librarians should enjoy academic privileges; salaries should therefore be equal to teaching staff with the same education and background. The re- port concludes by outlining the duties re- quired for each library position. American Library Association. Committee on Classification of Library Personnel. Budgets, Classification and Compensa- 442 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 tion Plans for University and College Li- braries. Chicago: ALA, 1929. This report presents the qualifications of professional librarians, relating the positions to the corresponding grades of the faculty. "Annual Report of the President, 1971- 1972." College and Research Libraries News 33:177-78 (July-Aug. 1972). Joseph H. Reason discusses the approved resolution suggesting that personal mem- bers of ACRL be assessed $5 and institu- tional members be assessed $10 above their regular dues for the support of the pro- posed Office for Academic Status. Association of College and Research Librar- ies. Membership Meeting. Annual Con- ference, Chicago, Illinois. College and Research Libraries News 33:251-57 (Oct. 1972). Allan Dyson spoke against the concept of "faculty status" and opposed the joint statement as twisting definitions to make librarians the teaching faculty they are not. Dyson proposes that the librarian should instead be seeking his rightful place on the campus by working toward a meaningful academic status, rather than by attempting to ape the faculty. "Atlantic City Conference: A Great Show in Two Parts and a Cast of Thousands." American Library Association Bulletin 63:915-64 (July-Aug. 1969). Report on the proceedings of the annual ALA conference of 1969. Contains the re- port of the Academic Status Committee, which proposed a list of standards to be ap- proved by ACRL concerning faculty status. ACRL adopted the standards for faculty status, led by David Kaser, despite the vote of the membership to defeat it. Beard, J. R. "Regressive Step in New Jer- sey Higher Education," New Jersey Li- braries 3:4-6 (Fall1970). Discusses the threat of removal of faculty status for librarians in New Jersey colleges and universities. Bergen, Daniel P. "Librarians and the Bi- polarization of the Academic Enterprise," College and Research Libraries 24:467- 80 (Nov. 1963). Bergen discusses the chasm between li- brarians and professors, and states that the initiative for convergence of the two groups must come from the librarian. "Berkeley Library Union States Bargaining Terms." Library Journal 93:3736 ( 15 Oct. 1968). News note concerning union bargaining terms. States that most of the demands are for increased status and pay; librarians want vacations equal to the faculty. Blackburn, Robert T. "College Libraries- Indicated Failures: Some Reasons-and a Possible Remedy," College and Re- search Libraries 29: 171-77 (May 1968). Blackburn identifies the sources of con- flict between the teaching faculty and the academic librarian. One of the problems stems from the ambiguous status of aca- demic librarians. Blake, Fay M. "Faculty Status, Where It's At," American Libraries 1:767-68 (Sept. 1970) . Blake states that although faculty status is in a state of confusion, librarians seem to be moving actively toward it. Because the librarian's work has changed, he needs the same conditions, protection, and respon- sibilities which the teaching faculty needs. The author gives reasons for the librarian's need for faculty title and rank, tenure, aca- demic work year, and career and promotion structure. Blake, Fay M. "Invisible Librarian, A Re- port on (And Some Gloomy Conclusions From) a Convocation Held in California Recently on the University in America," Library Journal91:3360-62 (July 1966). Blake attacks the program of the convo- cation, which she states "failed utterly in a number of vital areas of concern for American education." She concludes that the "academic world does not recognize the librarian as a colleague." Blake, Fay M. "Letter to the Editor," Col- lege and Research Libraries 34: 159-60 (March 1973). Blake disagrees with the observations on faculty status put forth by Ellsworth Mason in the November 1972, issue of College and Research Libraries. Mason inveighs against faculty status for librarians, while Blake be- lieves that academic librarians without it suffer great disadvantages, which she enu- merates. Blake, Fay M. "Status Search," Library ]our- nal95:2096 ( 1 June 1970). Reviews the struggle of California State College librarians in the attempt to attain faculty status. Deprecates ALA for sug- gesting that California State College librar- ians accept all facets of faculty status ex- cept salary, which could be arranged when the conditions of the state's budget im- prove. Blake states that librarians must fight for the salary now or they will never re- ceive it. Blake, Fay M. "Tenure for the Academic Librarian." College and Research Librar- ies 29:502-4 (Nov. 1968). Blake outlines the purposes and history of academic freedom and tenure for teach- ing faculty and observes these values to the academic enterprise. She further points out the similar and growing need for such free- dom and tenure for college and university librarians and cites examples of how the ab- sence of these items can be detrimental to an institution. Boughter, Vivian R. "Salaries, Work Week, Vacations, Benefits, and Privileges of College Librarians," College and Re- search Libraries 19:126-28 (March 1958). Survey conducted to determine salaries, work week, vacations, and benefits and priv- ileges of the academic librarian. Conclud- ed that library salaries are not comparable to faculty, but status is improving with im- proving qualifications of academic librari- ans. Bousfield, H. G. "College Libraries With Dual Roles," College and Research Li- braries 9:25-32 (Jan. 1948) . Since 1938, the libraries of each of New York City's five municipal colleges have been legally recognized as academic de- Faculty Status I 443 partments. Members of these staffs have been granted a status unique in academic library practice. Bradbury, Daniel. "On the Status Front," American Libraries 3:470 (May 1972). Author discusses the terms of the Nation- al Educational Defense Act and how its tenets relate to librarians once they are ac- corded academic status. Brandon, A. N. "Academic Status for Med- ical School Librarians," Medical Library Association Bulletin 58: 1-6 (Jan. 197 0) . Results of a survey indicate that most medical schools grant a degree of academic status to their professional librarians. Fac- ulty appointments and benefits are not al- ways granted. To upgrade effectiveness and stature of medical school librarians, faculty status is desirable. The librarian must merit faculty rank on the same basis as the other teaching faculty. Brannan, Nancy. Academic Status for the Professional Library Staff of the Univer- sity of Illinois. (Occasional Papers, no. 34) Urbana: University of Illinois Li- brary School, 1953. The paper reviews the discussions and processes involved in the transferring of professional members of the library staff of the University of Illinois from the nonaca- demic university civil service to academic status. Author discusses the scheme devised by the University of Illinois to accomplish this task. Branscomb, B. H. "Some Responsibilities of the College President," in his Teach- ing With Books, p.81-101. Chicago: ALA, 1940. Most of this chapter deals with the col- lege president's responsibility toward the librarian in bringing the librarian into the college educational program. States that the librarian should be a regular faculty mem- ber serving on regular faculty committees, with a voice in the organization of the cur- riculum. Branscomb, Lewis C., ed. Case for Faculty Status for Academic Librarians. ( ACRL Monograph, no. 33) Chicago: ALA, 1970. 444 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 Presents a _ number of essays discussing various facets of faculty status. Includes ar- ticles by such authorities as Arthur McAnal- ly, Robert Downs, Carl Hintz, David Web- er, and Anita Schiller. Branscomb, Lewis C. "Tenure for Profes- sional Librarians on Appointment at Col- leges and Universities," College and Re- search Libraries 26:297-98, 341 (July 1965). Because professional librarians are in- volved in intellectual tasks, they need an atmosphere of freedom. Branscomb outlines the librarian's tasks, and states that they should have tenure to ensure free perform- ance. He promotes faculty status, and out- lines a tenure procedure for librarians. Brown, H. G. "College Librarians Are Not Teachers," Library Journal 65:910-11 ( 1 Nov. 1940). Author promotes professional status rather than faculty status. "California Librarians Plug for Status," Library Journal93: 1400 ( 1 April1968). News note reporting the issuance of the 1968 California Library Association Posi- tion Paper on status and benefits for Cali- fornia academic librarians. California Library Association. College, University, and Research Libraries Sec- tion. "Position Paper on Status and Bene- fits for Librarians in California's Colleges and Universities," California Librarian 29:37-39 (Jan. 1968). Paper purports that academic librarians are essential to the development of college and university libraries, and in order to ful- fill their responsibilities and objectives, li- brarians must attain full faculty status. California Library Association. "Council Resolution on Sanctions Against the Cali- fornia State Colleges," American Library Association Bulletin 63: 1205-7 (Oct. 1969). Presents the sanctions against the Cali- fornia State College system for failing to implement faculty status for librarians. "California Library Association Hits State Colleges," Library Journal 94:3395-96 ( 1 Oct. 1969) . News note announcing the adoption by the California Library Association of sanc- tions against the California State Colleges for failure to grant faculty status by July 1, 1969. "California Library Association Invokes Sanctions," American Library Association Bulletin 63: 884 (July 1969) . Sanctions against the California State Colleges were invoked by the California Li- brary Association on July 1, 1969, because full faculty status and benefits were not granted to librarians in the system. Canadian Association of College and Uni- versity Libraries. Position Classification and J?rinciples of Academic Status in Ca- nadian University Libraries. Canadian Lib. Assoc., 1969. Presents recommendations pertaining to the classification and status of professional librarians. Outlines the duties of each posi- tion. Carlson, W. H. "Trend Toward Academic Recognition of College Librarians," Col- lege and Research Libraries 16:24- 29 (Jan. 1955). Author reviews the evolution of the trend toward recognition of the academic contri- butions of college librarians. Feels that the attendant assignment of faculty status and rank is important. Academic librarians are finally moving toward full acceptance as members of the academic faculty. Carty, J. C. "Survey of Administrative Standing of Head Librarians in Two- Year Colleges of California," Junior Col- lege Journal 29:490-92 (April 1959). Based on the results of a survey ad- dressed to 65 two-year colleges in Califor- nia, the author urges that head librarians in these institutions be classed as all other college administrators or as instructors with a bonus. Cassata, Mary B. "Teach-in: The Academic Librarian's Key to Status?" College and Research Libraries 31:22- 27 (Jan. 1970). To meet the responsibilities of faculty status, librarians can become involved in the formal instructional programs of their own or other institutions. Author surveyed academic libraries in the Association of Re- search Libraries in the winter of 1968-1969 to determine how many librarians were ac- tively involved in formal teaching pro- grams. She discovered that only 2.75 per- cent participated. Copeland, E. A. "Academic Status of Li- brarians in Institutions of Higher Learn- ing for Negroes." Unpublished Ma~ter's thesis, Columbia Univ., 1948. This study aims to examine the type of employment agreements, tenure of appoint- ment, salary and promotion schedules, par- ticipation by librarians in retirement and pension plans, sabbatical leaves, and other factors influencing the status of librarians. Cottam, Keith M. "Sour Grapes," Library ]ournal95:2202 (15 June 1970). Cottam comments on a letter by Richard Thompson, who deprecates faculty status. Whereas Thompson states that librarians have no teaching function, Cottam believes that he is involved in a personal kind of teaching. Coulter, Edith M. "The University Librari- an: His Preparation, Position and Rela- tion to the Academic Department of the University," American Library Associa- tion Bulletin 16:271-75 ( 1922). States the important role of the univer- sity librarian. For the author, it is not a matter of academic status, but a question of recognition of equality with faculty, which is necessary to render the greatest service to institutions. States that academic librarians must be scholars and possess a degree recognized as the equivalent of the Ph.D. The education of the librarian must be commensurate with that of the profes- sor. Davidson, C. G. "Status of Librarians in Southern Liberal Arts Colleges." Unpub- lished Master's thesis, U niv. of Chicago, 1936. Not available for review. DePriest, Raleigh. "That Inordinate Passion Faculty Status I 445 for Status," College and Research Librar- ies 34:150-58 (March 1973). Author comments on the positions taken by those librarians opposing faculty status, and he believes that these librarians are overly concerned with status. He discusses reasons for this concern, and presents argu- ments in favor of faculty status; he feels that status should depend upon the direct contribution by the librarian to the academ- ic program. De Weese, L. Carroll. ''Status Concerns and Library Professionalism," College and Research Libraries 33:31-38 (Jan. 1972). In an exploratory study, the author tested specific hypotheses concerning the relation- ship between status concerns and profes- sionalization of individual un!versity librari- ans. Status concerns were found to be an important socio-psychological determinant of professionalism. To improve status, the librarian must gain faculty status at both an explicit and an implicit level. Diehl, Katharine S. "Faculty Status," Asso- ciation of American Colleges BU'lletin 41: 292-96 (May 1955). Author discusses the role of the librarian as a member of the faculty. However, the major portion of the article is devoted to a superficial discussion of the librarian's role in society. The author briefly states the ma- jor duties of a university librarian, and feels that if librarians want faculty status, they must act the part. Ditzion, S. H. "College Librarians and the Higher Learning," College and Research Libraries 8:50-53 (Jan. 1947). Improvement of professional education, subject specialization, professional research, and the development of the Association of College and Research Libraries are suggest- ed methods for improving the status of aca- demic librarians. Dorsey, Bernice A. "Unclassified," Wilson Library Bulletin 19: 696 (June 1945) . Dorsey bemoans the fact that academic librarians are neither faculty nor office help. Promotes equality in pay with faculty mem- bers who have commensurate education 446 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 and experience. Must change status from "unclassified" to "classified." Downs, Robert B. "Academic Status for University Librarians-A New Ap- proach," College and Research Libraries 7:6-9 (Jan. 1946). In 1946, the librarians at the University of Illinois were accorded faculty status. The article discusses the staff classifi.cation, stat- ing that the salaries of librarians correspond to the teaching staff salaries. Librarians worked to attain faculty status due to the fact that they discovered that they were the only university group engaged in academic activities that did not have academic recog- nition. Downs, Robert B. "Are College and Univer- versity Librarians Academic?" College and Research Libraries 15:9-14 (Jan. 1954). Downs believes that librarians must be recognized as an integral part of the aca- demic ranks and enjoy all of the rights and privileges of the faculty in order for the li- brary to remain an effective institution. Privileges should correspond to responsibil- ities. Downs, Robert B. "Current Status of Uni- versity Library Staffs," College and Re- search Libraries 18:375-85 (Sept. 1957). In this article, Downs reviews the present status of university library staffs ( profes- sionals only) and concludes with a sum- mary of current opinion among library ad- ministrators as to the most desirable type of personnel organization. Downs, Robert B. "Place of College Librar- ians in the Academic World," California Librarian 28:101-6 (April 1967). Discussion of where the librarian belongs in the academic community, mostly in re- lation to the question of faculty status. Must define what is meant by an academ- ic professional librarian, for on this hinges whatever claim librarians may have to fac- ulty status. Downs, Robert B. "The Place of Librarians in Colleges and Universities," North Car- olina Libraries 18:34-41 (Winter 1960). In considering the status of librarians, Downs surveyed conditions of librarians in 115 American universities. Discusses three discernable patterns of how universities rank librarians. Argues for faculty status, stating that this will improve the quality of librarians. The librarian must offer com- mensurate qualifications. Downs states the reasons for awarding librarians faculty sta- tus, and urges librarians to obtain more de- grees. Downs, Robert B. "Status of Academic Li- brarians in Retrospect," College and Re- search Libraries 29:253-58 (July 1968). A century ago, few if any American aca- demic librarians held faculty rank by virtue of their library work. Slowly some came to be recognized as responsible academic offi- cers, usually at first without rank, and then in more recent years increasing numbers of them have been accorded full faculty status and rank. The struggle continues, but with more promise for acceptance. Downs, Robert B., ed. The Status of Amer- · ican College and University Librarians. (ACRL Monograph, no. 22) Chicago: ALA, 1958. . Presents a series of essays concerning the status of the academic librarian. Downs, Robert B. "Status of University Li- brarians-1964," College and Research Libraries 25:253-58 (July 1964). National trend toward academic recog- nition of university librarians continues. Forms of recognition achieved differ. Ar- ticle reviews break-throughs and describes current situation, based on the correspon- dence of the author. Librarians must accept responsibilities as well as privileges. Emerson, William L. "Why Not Try?" Wil- son Library Bulletin 43:367-70 (Dec. 1968). Article deals with sabbatical leaves for all types o: libraries. Author says that the granting of sabbaticals is not correlated to faculty status in universities. Feels that a sabbatical program would encourage an at- titua'-' of professionalism. E'ites, R. S. "Challenge to College Librari- ans," Library Journal 61:144-45 ( 15 Feb. 1936). Author states that it is difficult to deter- t-- mine the status of college librarians. This is chiefly the fault of the librarian. A need exists to become involved and lead the aca- demic community. The librarian must attain definite status as a librarian rather than as faculty. Estes, R. S. "Faculty Status in the City Col- lege Libraries," College and Research Li- braries 3:43-45 (Dec. 1941). A history of the change of the status of college librarians from clerical to instruc- tional. Board of higher education in New York gave librarians faculty status. "Faculty Status," Library Journal 65:497 ( 1 June 1940) ; Wilson Library Bulletin 14:735 (June 1940). Faculty status granted to all professional librarians at the municipal colleges of New York City, announced on April 16, 1940, by the Library Association of the City Col- leges of New York. "Faculty Status, Anti-snoop Stands Taken by New York Library Association," Li- brary Journal96:20 (I Jan. 1971). The New York Library Association passed a resolution backing academic status and rank for college and university librari- ans. "Faculty Status for the Professional Library Staff at the University of Kansas," Col- lege and Research Libraries 20: 68-69 (Jan. 1959). A news note relating the granting of fac- ulty status to librarians at the University of Kansas. Outlines tenure policies. "Faculty Status Granted to Librarians at the University of Kentucky," Library Joumal9l:3l60 (15 June 1966). News note pointing out that the librari- ans at the University of Kentucky received faculty status. Assures librarians of mem- bership in the senate, access :to research funds, sabbatical leaves, tenure, and other privileges accorded to the teaching faculty. "Faculty Status in the City University of Faculty Status I 441 New York," Wilson Library Bulletin 40: 407 (Jan. 1966). News note announcing the attainment of full faculty status by the City University of New York librarians. Fay, Lucy E. "Continuing Education of the College Library Staff," Library Journal 62:199-201 ( 1 March 1937). Academic librarians need the same bene- fits as the teaching faculty to further their education, which will eventually improve the status of the librarian. Forgotson, Jane. "A Staff Librarian Views the Problem of Status," College and Re- search Libraries 22:275-81, 306 (July 1961). Defines status as the "position an individ- ual occupies with relation to a social group or organization." Also assigns rights, duties, and value. States that librarians are not granted social acceptance commensurate to faculty; rather, their positions are often nebulous. She promotes any satisfactory status rather than as faculty members. Au- thor foresees the time when librarians will be accorded equal rights as faculty. Friley, C. E. "College Library Control," American Library Association Bulletin 29:67-72 (Feb. 1935). Discusses the ranking of the librarian. "Full Faculty Status for Librarians?" The UPC Advocate 1:2-3 (12 Aprill971). In this news note, former San Jose State College library systems analyst Robert J. Duman comments on status discrepancies between the teaching faculty and librarians. He believes that full faculty status for li- brarians would help eliminate inequities be- tween the two groups. Also states that col- lective bargaining could provide the need- ed advantage to attain full faculty status. Funkhouser, Myrtle. "Faculty Status of Col- lege of Education Librarians," Wilson Li- brary Bulletin 28: 301 (Nov. 1953) . Author reports findings of a survey made to discern the status of academic librarians in thirty-five colleges of education. Galloway, Louise. "Academic Librarians 448 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 Participate in the Selection of a Director of Libraries," College and Research Li- braries 33:220-27 (May 1972). On May 18, 1966, librarians at the Uni- versity of Louisville were granted faculty status with the accompanying professorial rank. Article discusses the formulation of a separate library faculty and the election of a Library Faculty Selection Committee to search for and select a director of librar- ies to recommend to the university adminis- tration. Galloway, R. Dean. "Academic Benefits for Academic Librarians," American Associa- tion of University Professors Bulletin 53: 61-63 (March 1967); Bookmark (Idaho) 20:137-39 (March 1968). The quality of educational institutions is threatened unless librarians are accorded faculty status and benefits. Author believes that the work of the academic librarian is instructional in nature. Attempts to show that the granting of faculty status will bene- fit students, faculty, and the institution as a whole. Galloway, R. Dean. "Asserting a Profession- al Right," American Library Association Bulletin 63:549 (May 1969). Letter discussing the California Library Association's plan to invoke sanctions against California State Colleges for failure to grant full faculty status and benefits to librarians after the academic senate voted to grant such status. Galloway, R. Dean. "Quiet Revolution; Cal- ifornia State College Librarians Move- ment to Improve Library Profession," American Library Association Bulletin 63:1257-61 (Oct. 1969). Discusses the struggle of California State College librarians to obtain faculty status. Gates, Harry R. "The Academic Status Il- lusion and the Nine-Month Contract," Pacific Northwest Library Association Quarterly 36:3-6 (Jan. 1972). Librarians must examine the responsibil- ities of academic status. The nine-month contract is a necessity, as research cannot be carried on without it. Presents a plan to gradually implement the nine-month con- tract. Gelfand, M. A. "College Librarian in the Academic Community," C allege and Re- search Libraries 10:129-34 (April1949). Article presents results of questionnaire survey in which seventy college librarians participated. Librarians and faculty mem- bers offered their conceptions of the place of the library in the college. Where faculty rank is accorded it is usually granted only to the chief librarian and one or two assist- ants. Most librarians received lower salaries than teaching personnel of similar academic rank. Goode, William J. "The Librarian from Oc- cupation to Profession," American Li- brary Association Bulletin 61: 544-55 (May 1967). Goode, a sociologist, describes the char- acteristics which identify a "profession." He then examines how a librarian fits this de- scription, and concludes that librarians fail to meet the qualifications. Contains a brief discussion of how professionalism is directly related to the question of faculty status. Goodrich, C. G. "Faculty Status of Profes- sional Library Personnel in Ohio Collegi- ate Institutions." Unpublished Master's thesis, Kent State Univ., 1952. Not available for review. Gore, Daniel. "Faculty Status for Librarians at Arbuthnot," American Libraries 2: 283- 95 (March 1971). Subtitled ~~A Farce in One Scene." Through a satirical and riotous play, Gore presents his main contention with faculty status: that librarians are not ordinarily teachers and are not likely ever to be re- garded as faculty by anyone but them- selves. Gore states that the librarian should be considered an academic administrator, and should receive increased benefits in this way. Guinagh, Kevin. "The Academic Image of the Librarian," in The President, the Pro- fessor, and the College Library. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1963. In this essay, the author contends that because librarians contribute to academic study and receive special training, they should receive all of the rights and privi- leges of faculty status. Halverson, Josephine H. "College Librarian -Clerk or Colleague?" Pacific Northwest Library Association Quarterly 2:36-39 (Oct. 1937). The author states that librarians them- selves regard the library as a detached unit of the academic whole, and until this image changes, the status of the librarian will re- main the same. Halverson suggests ways to achieve staff unity and cooperation, and methods by which to improve relations with the faculty. To attain faculty status, the li- brarian must aim for a higher goal and pro- duce qualitative research. The article con- cludes with a discussion by other librarians on the topic of faculty rank and status. Harlow, Neal. "Doctoral Study-Key to What?" College and Research Libraries 29:483--85 (Nov. 1968). Author states that the librarian should have the doctorate for the door to faculty status to open. Harrington, Mrs. R. H. and Lyle, Guy R. "Recruiting and Developing a Library Staff," College and Research Libraries 8:427-35 (Oct. 1947). Article describes the classification and pay plan of the Louisiana State University library. Librarians have equivalent academ- ic rank and are associated with the teach- ing faculty. Henry, W. E. "The Academic Standing of College Library Assistants and Their Re- lation to the Carnegie Foundation," Bul- letin of the American Library Association 5:258-63 (July 1911). States that the librarian is central to the role of education. Therefore, the library staff must rank with the faculty. Suggests that librarians be termed "Professors of Books and Reading." Discusses the failure of the Carnegie Foundation to accord bene- fits to librarians. Hintz, Carl. "Criteria for Appointment to Faculty Status I 449 and Promotion in Academic Rank," Col- lege and Research Libraries 29:341-46 (Sept. 1968). To determine the status of librarians in the university community, what it means, and how it is decided, questionnaires were sent to 100 major American academic insti- tutions. There is a need for clarification and standardization of practice. Criteria used for determining promotions are dis- cussed, and a draft statement of policy con- cerning the matter is proposed. Holbrook, Florence. "The Faculty Image of the Academic Librarian," Southeastern Librarian 18:174-93 (Fall1968). Author discusses the image of the aca- demic librarian from the point of view of faculty members whom she surveyed. The final section of the study deals with the question of faculty status for librarians. Holbrook concludes that there exists a need for librarians to accept not only the privi- leges, but the responsibilities, and to realize exactly what status implies. Hoole, W. S. "Philosophy of College Librar- ianship," News Notes 16:1-3 (April 1940). Discusses the need for a philosophy of librarianship, stating that there is too much emphasis on minutiae. He outlines a plan to form a philosophy and what to stress in a library school curriculum. Concludes by instructing librarians to cease worrying about faculty rank, since recognition will arrive unsought by concentrating on mak- ing librarianship a humane and live profes- sion. Hom, R. G. "Divine Right of Kings: Aca- demic Status," American Libraries 2:625- 29 (June 1971). Hom suggests that there is little motiva- tion for academic librarians fighting for fac- ulty status. Librarians should form a faculty entrusted with the government of and in- struction in the library. Academic titles should be used. If faculty status is to be achieved, many librarians need a Magna Carta declaring that the director is not the king, but the foremost baron. Hom, Steven. ~'The Professional Ladder," 450 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 Canadian Library Journal 27:200-202 (May 1970). Horn examines the report on "Position Classification and Principles of Academic Status in Canadian University Libraries.'' He deprecates it, wondering if the "profes- sional ladder" is a risky step in the academ- ic library organization. Jain, Ajit Prasad. "Status Is the Parameter of Efficiency in a Library: With Refer- ence to Academic · Libraries," IASLIC Bulletin 14:11-15 (March 1970). Author states that the efficiency of a li- brary is judged by its performance. Believes that India's academic librarians must achieve a higher status for service to be effective. He compares the situation of academic li- brarians in India to the situation of those in the United States and the western world. James, John V. "Faculty Status for Librari- ans," Saskatchewan Library 21:27-34 (May 1968). James examines the difficulties confront- ing the professional librarian seeking fac- ulty or academic status. This is actually a brief survey of the important literature in the field and includes a brief bibliography. Jesse, William H. and Mitchell, Ann E. "Professional Staff Opportunities for Study and Research," College and Re- search Libraries 29:87-100 (March 1968). Members of the teaching faculty are ex- pected to spend part of their working time in study and research. This paper examines the extent of comparable opportunities available to academic librarians, as revealed by questionnaires returned from fifty- two research libraries and fifteen college librar- ies. Presents a discussion of desirable li- brary policies in regard to this topic. Dom- inating idea is that librarians should have commensurate privileges with the teaching faculty. Johnson, Beverly. "Propose Revised Stan- dards for Academic Librarians/' College and Research Libraries News 32:35-36 (Feb. 1971). Comments on the proposed standards for academic librarians as they appeared in the October 1970, issue of College and Re- search Libraries News. Presents revised standards because of confusion in wording of the previous standards, especially in the section concerning education. Johnson, Beverly. "Updating an Outmoded 'Approach to the Academic Status of Li- brarians,ll" California Librarian 29:245- 50 (Oct. 1968). Presents a comment on an article by Da- vid Weber and disagrees with some of his specific points. States that the librarian must work for faculty status and insists upon a consideration of the problem. Johnson, Marjorie. "Performance Appraisal of Librarians-A Survey," College and Research Libraries 33:359- 67 (Sept. 1972). Discusses various methods of rating li- brarians, based on results of a questionnaire returned by 138 university libraries. Asks whether the appraisal method for librarians is the same as for the teaching faculty. Dis- cusses faculty status as it relates to apprais- al methods. "Joint Statement on Faculty Status of Col- lege and University Librarians." College and Research Libraries News 33:209-10 (Sept. 1972). Presents the text of the joint statement concerning faculty status for academic li- brarians formulated by the Association of American Colleges, the American Associa- tion of University Professors, and the Asso- ciation of College and Research Libraries. Text states that the function of the library in the academic world is central and indis- pensable, and that librarians should there- fore be granted faculty status. Jones, Harold D. "LACUNY: A Library As- sociation in Action," California Librarian 29:204-9 (July 1968). Discusses the attainment of faculty status by the City University of New York Library Association. Describes formula for achiev- ing status and discusses the structure of the university. Outlines the sequence of events which led to the new status and states cur- rent actions and plans. Jones, Harold D. "Notable Salaries," Library ]ou1'1Ull 93:688 (15 Feb. 1968). States that the City University of New York librarians received faculty rank and that, as of 1968, salaries rose considerably. Jones, Harold D. "What Is Faculty Status to One?'' American Library Association Bulletin 63:549 (May 1969). States in a letter that the Library Asso- ciation of the City University of New Y ark is seeking to obtain more of the typical fac- ulty privileges and responsibilities. Josey, E. J. "Faculty Status for Librarians," Library Journal 96:1333-36 ( 15 April 1971). New Jersey State College librarians hold faculty status, but the governor still de- mands the twelve-month year. To solve the faculty status problem, librarians must not be passive, they must avoid clerical rou- tines, and they must not resist change. Most of all, the librarian should feel that he de- serves faculty status. Josey, E. J. "Full Faculty Status This Cen- tury," Library Journal 97:984-89 ( 15 March 1972). A report of a survey of New York State academic librarians concerning their views of the propriety and probability of achiev- ing full faculty status. Librarians do see themselves as educators, and must attain a definite status within the academic com- munity. Josey, E. J. "Toward a Solution of Faculty Status for College and University Librari- ans," Bookmark 30: 214-18 (March 1971). Discusses the need for faculty status, the dangers and pitfalls on the road to obtain- ing it, and urges support of the ACRL stan- dards for faculty status. Kellam, W. Porter and Barker, Dale L. "Ac- tivities and Opportunities of University Librarians for Full Participation in the Educational Enterprise," College and Re- search Libraries 29:195-99 (May 1968). A questionnaire was distributed to the directors of all members of the Association of Research Libraries and to all other state Faculty Status I 451 university libraries inquiring about their at- titudes and practices regarding library staff participation in professional and communi- ty activities. Seventy-two respondents showed preponderantly favorable attitudes to such activities, research and publication, consulting, and participating in the work of professional groups. Although there ap- pear to be explainable differences between such activities by librarians and by teach- ing faculty members, it is clear that more university librarians have reasonable oppor- tunity to engage fully in the educational en- terprise. Kennemer, J. D. "Equal Status and Salary for Librarians and Teachers," Texas Out- look 24:38 (July 1940). Points out the diversity between the rank of teachers and that of librarians. Urges that librarians be placed on par with teach- ers in schools, colleges, and universities. Kirkpatrick, Leonard H. "Another Ap- proach to Staff Status," College and Re- search Libraries 8:218-20 (July 1947). Kirkpatrick first reviews the status of li- brarians at the University of Utah from 1917 to 1947. He concludes that librarians should receive the same privileges and ben- efits as the teaching faculty with commen- surate training. The librarian must work for these privileges. Knapp, Patricia B. College Teaching and the College Library. (ACRL Monograph, no. 23) Chicago: ALA, 1959. Includes a lengthy discussion of inter- views which the author conducted with various faculty members to determine their concepts of the academic librarian's role. Discovered that most faculty members felt that librarians deserved faculty status. LaBudde, K. J. "Faculty Status of College Librarians in Missouri," Missouri Library · Association Quarterly 13: 105-8 (Dec. 1952). The author served as the head of a com- mittee to study the problem of faculty sta- tus. The article presents the results of their survey, which encompassed all types and sizes of academic institutions. Discovered that the question of faculty status seldom 452 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 has a clear policy at the official level. Lancour, Harold. "The Librarian's Search for Status," Library Quarterly 31:369-81 (Oct. 1961). Discusses the status of the librarian in general, and the attempt to improve it. Col- lege librarians work the hardest to amelio- rate their status. The author believes that academic librarians should improve their own profession rather than becoming pro- fessors. Liberty, John. "Librarians Meet, Plan Ac- tion," The UPC Advocate 2:1 (March- April 1972). News note discussing issues of the first state-wide meeting of the United Professors of California Librarian's Advisory Commit- tee in San Francisco on March 11, 1972. The primary topic of concern was faculty status; members discussed problems in its attainment. Liberty, John. "Organization Answer for 'Oppressed Librarians,' " The UPC Ad- vocate 1:2 (19 Oct. 1971). Author promotes faculty status. Outlines conditions in California State College li- braries. Believes that librarians can attain faculty status only through membership in the United Professors of California, which would act as the bargaining agent. "Librarians and Faculty Status," College an.d Research Libraries News 30:65 (March 1969). Based on September 1968, article in Col- lege and Research Libraries. Out of 183 li- braries answering a questionnaire, only 26 libraries reported having equal status with the faculty. "Librarians and Faculty Status: List of In- stitutions which Enjoy Full Faculty Sta- tus," College and Research Libraries News 30:65 (March 1969). Presents a list of college and university libraries which attained full faculty status by 1969. "Librarians Are Making a Lot of Noises -Why?" The UPC Advocate 2:4 (May 1972). This is basically an advertisement urging California academic librarians to join the United Professors of California. However, it lists the duties of academic librarians, states their qualifications and other perti- nent activities, and enumerates the provi- sions of a UPC sample contract agreement which includes the following points: aboli- tion of second class status, full academic rank, establishment of a new academic de- partment, professional ranks, equal compen- sation, nine-month schedule, and full aca- demic employee benefits. "Librarians Get Faculty Status at City Uni- versity of New York," Library Journal 91:219-20 (15 Jan. 1966). News note stating that librarians at the City University of New York were promot- ed to full faculty status, including titles and salaries. Article provides salary figures according to rank. Librarians were not ac· corded equal annual vacation. "Librarians Want Revised Grades," Indian Librarian 23: 192 (Dec. 1968) . Librarians at Delhi University were granted faculty status, including equal pay, but they protested the fact that junior li- brarians, many with twenty years of experi- ence, were informed that they must get an MLS to receive the privileges. They were not told of this decision until after faculty status had been instigated. Littleton, I. T. "Current Status of Univer- sity Librarians in Association of South- eastern Research Libraries," Southeast- ern Librarian 21:25-35 (Spring 1971). Article reports a study of the current status of professional librarians in the twen- ty-six university libraries of the Association of Southeastern Research Libraries. Relates the status patterns of the ASERL librarians to the criteria used for appointment and promotion. Argues for faculty status with salaries, benefits, and responsibilities com- mensurate with those of the faculty at the same level of academic contribution. Based on the study, ASERL presents recommen- dations for faculty status. Lundy, F. A. "Faculty Rank for Profession- al Librarians." _Unpublished Master's the- . sis, Univ. of California, 1948. Reports the findings of a questionnaire concerning faculty rank of librarians sent to thirty-five large colleges and universities. Lundy, F. A. "Faculty Rank of Professional Librarians," College and Research Li- braries Part I, 12: 11-19 (Jan. 1951); Part II, 12:109-22 (April1951). Part I outlines the reasons for librarians' attainment of faculty status. Points out the important role the librarian plays in the ed- ucational function of the university. States that faculty status would bring the faculty and the librarian closer. Rank should cor- respond to teaching faculty with the same education. Part II discusses faculty status in several institutions which associate the professional librarian with the teaching and research staff. Lyle, Guy R. The President, the Professor, and the College Library. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1963. This book is primarily a discussion of the relationships between the three groups mentioned in the title and their responsibil- ities to each other. Lyle wants librarians to place less emphasis on status. Although he expresses belief in academic status, he feels that status should be a byproduct of the li- brarian's work. McAnally, Arthur M~ "Dynamics of Secur- ing Academic Status," College and Re- search Libraries 18:386-95 (Sept. 1957). An analysis of factors and processes in decision-making at the university level as it relates to the acquiring of faculty status by staff librarians. McAnally, Arthur M. "Privileges and Obli- gations of Academic Status," College and Research Libraries 24:102-8 (March 1963). A discussion of the components of faculty status and what it means to the librarian. McAnally, Arthur M. "Status of the Univer- sity Librarian in the Academic Commu- nity," in Jerrold Orne, ed., Research Li- brarianship, p.19-51. New York: H. R. Bowker Co., 1971. McAnally discusses fac?lty status and . the Faculty Status I 453 obstacles confronting its adoption. Espouses a favorable opinion of faculty status. McAnally, Arthur M. and Downs, Robert B. "The Changing Role of Directors of U Di- versity Libraries," College and Research Libraries 34:103-25 (March 1973). The authors discuss the ways in which the role of the library director has changed and the different sources of pressure acting upon him, one of which is the push for fac- ulty status. McEwen, R. W. "Status of College Librari- ans," College and Research Libraries 3: 256-61 (June 1942). Paper presented at the 1941 annual meeting of the Minnesota Library Associa- tion. Discusses what status college librari- ans want and how they can achieve it. Mc- Ewen is more concerned with the college rather than the university librarian. To at- tain faculty status, librarians must prove that they share the faculty's interest in teaching and research. This would bring li- brarians a sense of belonging in the aca- demic world and lend significance to their work. McMillen, James A. ccAcademic Status of Library Staff Members of Large U niver- sities,'' College and Research Libraries 1: 138-40 (March 1940) . Presents the results of a survey conduct- ed among thirty-five institutions to ascertain regulations and rules concerning the status of librarians. Found that few universities had regulations regarding status. Librarians must be accorded a status of some sort in order to recognize their places in the insti- tutions and to give proper dignity to their work. · Madan, Raj; Hetler, Eliese; and Strong, Marilyn. "The Status of Librarians in Four-Year State Colleges and Universi- ties," College and Research Libraries 29: 381-86 (Sept. 1968). A study which developed from the efforts of librarians at the four-year campuses and university centers of the State University of New York to gain complete faculty sta- tus. Paper based on replies from a question- 454 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 naire sent to 321 four-year state colleges and university centers across the United States. The compilation of statistics is based on a 57 percent return. Status of librarians was equated with that of the academic fac- ulty in regard to rank and titles, promotion criteria, tenure, sabbatical leave, rates of pay, holidays and vacations, participation in faculty government, and fringe benefits. Reports that conditions of the librarian have not changed significantly over the past decade. Authors promote faculty status. Maloy, Miriam C. "Faculty Status of Col- lege Librarians," American Library Asso- ciation Bulletin 33:232-33, 302 (April 1939). Results of a study conducted to deter- mine the status of librarians and how many have faculty status. States that faculty sta- tus is desirable, but librarians must also raise their own standards. Marchant, Maurice P. "Faculty-Librarian Conflict," Library ] ournal 94:2886-89 ( 1 Sept. 1969). Suggests that librarians be given faculty status to improve communications with the faculty. Mason, Ellsworth. "Letter to the Editor," College and Research Libraries 34:224 (May 1973). A letter responding to Eli Oboler's letter concerning faculty status, which appeared in the January 1973, issue of College and Research Libraries. Mason again stresses his belief that the library profession is in better condition than the teaching profes- sion. Mason states that all librarians are not teachers, and that librarians should work to better their own profession. Mason, Ellsworth. "A Short Happy View of Our Emulation of Faculty," College and Research Libraries 33:445-46 (Nov. 1972). In this editorial, Mason deprecates the wish of some librarians to be associated with the teaching faculty. Librarians should be recognized as librarians. Derides the teaching profession for becoming "obscene- ly competitive." However, librarians can improve their status by gaining the respect of the faculty and by recruiting and retain- ing a staff of librarians possessing academic worth. Massman, Virgil F. "Considerations Regard- ing Faculty Status," Mountain-Plains Li- brary Quarterly 14:7-9 (Spring 1969) . Massman, who promotes faculty status, addresses himself to the following ques- tions: 1. How and why does academic free- dom affect librarians? 2. Might it not be harmful to the cause of librarians to equate them with faculty members, because librari- ans do not have as much formal education as is expected of the teaching staff? 3. How does faculty status affect recruiting? 4. Should or should not faculty status be granted only to teachers? Massman, Virgil F. Faculty Status for Li- brarians. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1972. Presents the results of a questionnaire sent to nineteen state colleges and univer- sities in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wiscon- sin. Purpose of the study is to review the history of the struggle for faculty status for librarians and some of the arguments ad- vanced in support of that objective; a sec- ond purpose is to gather information on the similarities and differences between librari- ans and faculty members in broad areas of preparation, contributions, and rewards. Author defines faculty status according to ACRL standards. This is the most compre- hensive work available concerning faculty status, and contains an extensive bibliogra- phy. Massman, Virgil F. "Professor and the Li- brarian," Mountain-Plains Library Quar- terly 16:19-27 (Summer 1971). The professor can assist the librarian and help to improve the library by supporting faculty status. This would bring professors and librarians closer together. Massman, Virgil F. "Responsibilities and Benefits of Faculty Status for Librarians: A Review of Related Literature and a Survey of Librarians and Faculty Mem- bers in Nineteen State Colleges and Uni- versities in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin." Unpublished Doctoral dis- sertation, Univ. of Michigan, 1970. Massman's recent book, Faculty Status for Librarians, is based on this work. Refer to the previous abstract for further informa- tion. Matzek, Richard A. "Academic Status for Librarians: Standards and Sanctions," Connecticut Libraries 12:15-18 (Fall 1970). Discussion of the A CRL standards for faculty status and their implications for li- brarians. "Membership Endorses Joint Statement on Faculty Status," College and Research Libraries News 33:209 (Sept. 1972). Reports that ACRL members gave over- whelming endorsement to the "Joint State- ment on Faculty Status of College and Uni- versity Librarians." "Minutes of Thursday, June 29, 1972, ACRL Board of Directors Annual Con- ference, Chicago, Illinois, 1972," College and Research Libraries News 33:239-50 (Oct. 1972). Board approved the adoption of the April 26, 1972, "Joint Statement on Faculty Status of the College and University Librar- ian" presented by the Association of Col- lege and Research Libraries, the Association of American Colleges, and the American Association of University Professors. ''Missouri Librarians Set Status Criteria," Library Journal 96: 19 ( 1 Jan. 1971) . News note stating that the Missouri Asso- ciation of College and Research Libraries has detailed specifications for academic status in a position paper. Paper states that librarians should be commensurate with the faculty. Mooney, P. "Report of the Committee ori Nomenclature and Classification of Per- sonnel," Pacific Northwest Library Asso- ciation Quarterly 2:33-36 (Oct. 1937). Report presented at the 1937 Pacific Northwest Library Association Conference. Suggested that college and university li- brarians work collectively and individually for: appropriate rank and recognition, im- provement of the salary scale, tenure, pen- Faculty Status I 455 sion allowance, adequate vacations, special privileges to continue study and opportuni- ty to travel, and time for preparation. Moriarty, John H. ''Academic in Deed," College and Research Libraries 31:14-17 (Jan. 1970). When professional librarians achieve full academic status, they must accept all of the responsibilities. This includes all of the re- sponsibilities of the faculty, including pub- lication. Must have firm lines of communi- cation to ensure benefits for the entire staff. Muller, Robert H. "Faculty Rank for Li- brary Staff Members in Medium-Sized Universities and Colleges," American As- sociation of University Professors Bulle- tin 39:421-31 (Sept. 1953). Presents the results of a questionnaire survey covering forty-nine medium-sized universities and colleges in the United States in April 1953. Many charts and ta- bles are included. Negherbon, Vincent R. ''Faculty Rank and Faculty Status Among Librarians," Cath- olic Library World 35:551-53 (May 1964). Supports faculty status, stating that the librarian is involved in indirect teaching. Discusses what faculty status means to li- brarians. When faculty status is obtained, the librarian should use the privileges to the fullest. Neufeld, J. "Inferiority Complex," Library Journal93:688 ( 15 Feb. 1968). The author states that librarians are vast- ly underrated. Need advancement of status to faculty rank; all librarians need advanced status. "New Jersey College Librarians Ask Status Right Aid," Library Journal 96:1556 ( 1 May 1971). News note stating that New Jersey aca- demic librarians are appealing to ALA for financial aid in mounting a court fight against their demotion from faculty status. "New Jersey College Librarians May Lose Faculty Status," Library Journal 95:4088 (1 Dec. 1970). 456 f College & Research Libraries • November 1973 News note reporting that Governor Ca- hill is attempting to strip academic librari- ans of faculty status and reclassify them in civil service positions. New Mexico Library Association. "Academ- ic Status for New Mexico College and University Librarians; Position Paper," New Mexico Libraries 3:43- 44 (Summer 1970). Supports premise that all New Mexico academic librarians have faculty status commensurate with that of the teaching faculty. "New York and California Librarians Seek Academic Rank, Benefits." Library 1 our- nal91:2514 (Aug. 1972). Discusses developments in New York and California search for full faculty status. Re- ports that progress in New York minimal since 1968. California progressing some- what. "New York's SUNYLA Librarians See Gains in Participation," Library Journal 96: 3714-15 (15 Nov. 1971). News note reporting State University of New York Library Association's gains to- ward improved status, and its problems in attaining full faculty status. North Carolina. University. Library. "Li- brary Staff Recognition by the Universi- ty of the Academic Status of Members Who Hold Positions Which Are Primarily of a Teaching or Research Nature .... Including a Draft of Classification Plan," in its Annual Report for 1955-1956, p.31. States that the university recognized and awarded academic status to those members of the library staff who hold positions which are chiefly of a teaching or r~search nature. Novak, Victor. "Staff Conditions in Catholic Academic Libraries; A Survey," Catholic Library World 40:117-19 (Oct. 1968). Presents the results of a questionnaire dealing with staff conditions at Catholic academic libraries, including questions con- cerning faculty status. States that there are differing conceptions of faculty status. Oboler, Eli M. "Letter to the Editor," Col- lege and Research Libraries 34:69-70 (Jan. 1973). Evaluates and points out weaknesses of Ellsworth Mason's editorial, "A Short Hap- PY View of Our Emulation of Faculty," in which Mason deplores faculty status. Obo- ler believes that Mason's facts are consist- ently in error, and disputes his contention that the only faculty benefit denied librari- ans is a longer vacation. Oboler supports the "Joint Statement on Academic Status." Mason responded to this letter in the May 1973, issue of College and Research Librar- ies. "Outline History of Full Faculty Status for California State College Librarians," The UPC Advocate 1 (Aug. 1971), n.p. Outlines the history of the struggle for faculty status by California State College librarians from 1951 when the Brakebill Committee was appointed until June 24, 1971. Parker, J. Carlyle. "Faculty Status and the Academic Work Year," California Librar- ian 33:143-49 (July 1972). Parker, a librarian at Stanislaus State College, discusses the results of a study conducted in the summer of 1970 to deter- mine the status of librarians in 179 state- supported academic libraries of institutions comparable in size and structure to the Cal- ifornia State Colleges and University sys- tem. The article includes many statistics, and Parker concludes that the academic work year stands as the most important benefit of full faculty status. ~'Penn State Librarians Win Academic Sta- tus." Library ]ourool 94:20 ( 1 Jan. 1969). News note stating that full academic sta- tus was granted to librarians at Pennsylvania State University, completing a process start- ed in 1967 by the Board of Trustees. Perreault, Jean M. "What Is 'Academic Status?'" College and Research Librar- ies 27:207-10,232 (May 1966). States that much discussion of academic status has proceeded from an emotional rather than a rational base. Attempts to analyze the "formal environment" of aca- demic status. Concludes that the librarian "is in a sense the academic environment himself, and is accordingly pre-eminently academic." Pierson, Robert M. "Academic Benefits for Academic Librarians," American Associa- tion of University \Professors Bulletin 53: 249-50 (Summer 1967). Disagrees with article by R. Dean Gallo- way, "Academic Benefits for Academic Li- brarians," which supports faculty status. Pierson questions whether faculty status is really what librarians want; they may not want to meet the responsibilities. Need def- inition and recognition of the special char- acter of librarianship. Pierson, Robert M. "The Proposed Stan- dards for Faculty Status: A Dissenting Opinion," College and Research Librar- ies News 32:121-25 (May 1971). Reaction to the 1970 ACRL standards for faculty status. Sets forth specific objec- tions to ACRL proposal and offers · general comments. Pope, E. and Armitage, K. "Status of Li- brary School Librarians," Journal of Edu- cation for Librarianship 11: 340-43 (Spring 1971). Presents results of a questionnaire con- cerning the status of library school librari- ans sent to library schools in the United States and Canada. Conclusions, based on twenty-seven replies, given under the fol- lowing divisions: faculty benefits, role of faculty library committee, salaries. Library school librarians do not enjoy the same status as librarians in the classroom in terms of responsibilities and privileges. Posey, Edwin D. "The Librarian and the Faculty," Southeastern Librarian 18:152- 61 (Fall1968). Outlines problems between librarian and faculty, the attempt to define professional- ism in librarianship, and the obstacles to faculty status. Pratt, E. C. "Administrative Standpoint," Library ] ournal 65: 1054 ( 15 Dec. 1940) . Author basically discusses the changing Faculty Status I 457 role of the librarian from preserver of the collection to the fulfillment of educational needs. Mentions that the librarian must be an important member of the faculty. Price, P. P. "Place of the Library," Library ]ournal66:90 ( 1 Feb. 1941). Discusses the relationship between the college administration and the college li- brary. Author suggests that the college li- brarian's fight for recognition be taken up by all library organizations. "Professional Library Staff Accorded Fac- ulty Rank," Pacific Northwest Library Association Quarterly 33:40 (Summer 1969). Reports the promotion of librarians at the University of Idaho to equivalent faculty rank on July 1, 1969. Qureshi, M. J. "Academic Status; Salaries and Fringe Benefits in Community Col- lege Libraries of Canada," Canadian Li- brary ]ournal28:41-45 (Jan. 1971). Forty-nine responses to a questionnaire sent to 108 community college libraries showed great disparity between the salary of the college librarian and that of the fac- ulty. Privileges desired were fringe benefits and faculty government participation, and academic status and tenure. The apathetic response to the questionnaire indicates that librarians are responsible for their low posi- tions. Reichmann, Felix. "Hercules and Antaeus," College and Research Libraries 14:22-25 (Jan. 1953). Author discusses the continual problem of the librarian's status and classification within the academic structure. Librarians must broaden knowledge and gain respect as a profession. "Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on ACRL Membership Levy for the Aca- demic Status Office," College and Re- search Libraries News 33: 84-85 (April 1972). ACRL membership meeting instructed the board of directors to establish the Of- fice for Academic Status. Outlines the func- tions of the office. The ALA Council reject- 458 I College & Research Libraries • November 1973 ed the plan, but plan remains to establish office, if it can go in the ACRL budget. "Report on the Brooklyn College Library Academic Status Problem," College and Research Libraries News 32:68 (March 1971). Discusses the fact that although librari- ans at Brooklyn College have full faculty status, the president attempted to change working conditions and tenure policy arbi- trarily. Librarians filed grievances and won. "Sanctions Will Be Applied Against the California State Colleges Unless Full Faculty Status Is Granted to Librarians by July 1, 1969," Wilson Library Bulle- tin43:506 (Feb. 1969). News note stating that sanctions would be applied against the California State Col- leges by the California Library Association unless faculty status is awarded. They de- manded the same salary schedule for librar- ians and teaching faculty. Satory, M. M. "Rank and Tenure in Catho- lic College Libraries," Catholic Educa- tion Review 42:342-4 7 (June 1944) . Discusses the status of librarians and the obstacles blocking attainment of faculty status. As a result of survey of fifty Catholic and fifty non-Catholic college libraries, the author concludes that there should be defi- nite policies of tenure for librarians. Sawtelle, H. A. "The College Librarian- ship," Library Journal 3:162 (June 1878). The good librarian must guide students in the use of library materials, a function which requires much skill. Author con- cludes, therefore, that librarianship itself should be a professorship. Scherer, Henry H. "Faculty-Librarian Re- lationships in Selected Liberal Arts Col- leges." Unpublished Ed.D. dissertation, Univ. of Southern California, 1960. In his study of 367 colleges, the author found that relations between the library and faculty members were good, and that librarians were generally accepted as facul- ty members. Schiller, Anita R. Characteristics of Profes- sional Personnel in College and Universi- ty Libraries. Urbana, Ill.: Graduate School of Library Science, Univ. of Illi- nois, 1968. Schiller includes a discussion of faculty rank. States that the status of librarians is too often ill-defined. Concludes that the question of full faculty status for librarians deserves wider and more affirmative institu- tional response. Scrivener, J. E. ccWhat's in a Name?" Aus- tralian Academic and Research Libraries 2:3{}--32 (March 1971). Not available for review. Seibert, Russel H. "Status and Responsibil- ities of Academic Librarians," College and Research Libraries 22:253- 55 (July 1961). To attain faculty status, librarians must be willing to meet the same qualitative standards, or their equivalents, as are ex- pected of the faculty at large. Author out- lines these standards-educational, profes- sional, and institutional. Sellen, Betty-Carol. ccAdministration-Orient- ed Copout," American Libraries 1:426 (May 1970). Letter reacting to the article in Lewis Branscomb's ACRL monograph on faculty status concerning the status of California State College Librarians. States that the struggle is one of power. She was involved in the City University of New York's strug- gle for faculty status for librarians. Urges the California Library Association to ignore the copout by ALA, and help librarians to achieve their goal. Sellers, Rose Z. "Statistics; The Earthy Ap- proach," Library Journal 80:1402-4 ( 15 June 1955). Discusses librarians' status at the City College of New York. States that faculty status is only nominal and does not extend to benefits. States that the statistics serve only to retain librarian in low status and poor pay. Shores, L. cLibrary Education," Library ]ournal59:460- 61 ( 1 June 1934). Author looks upon the librarian as an ed- ucator and faculty member. Smith, Eldred. "Academic Status for Col- lege and University Librarians-Prob- lems and Prospects," College and Re- search Libraries 31:7-13 (Jan. 1970). Academic libr~rians will achieve and de- serve full academic status only after they cause changes in the bureaucratic structure of libraries and in library education, and when they provide professional service on a scholarly level. Smith, Sidney B. "Status of Academic Li- brarians," Kentucky Library Association Bulletin 23:59-62 (July 1959). Author states that there are three ways of grouping academic librarians. He an- swers some self-imposed questions concern- ing academic status. Believes that librarians must be concerned with the business of being librarians, and work for status in that light. Spain, Frances L. "Faculty Status of Librar- ians in Colleges and Universities of the South," Southeastern Library Association. Papers and Proceedings, 13th Biennial Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, Oc- tober 20-23, 1948. p.45- 53. Investigation of status of librarians in 108 colleges and universities. Found that librari- ans enjoyed privileges comparable to those of teaching members in matters of meetings and committee work and discussions of ten- ure, but there are large discrepancies in sal- ary, vacation, and leaves. "Standards for Faculty Status Approved," College and Research Libraries News 32: 218 (Sept. 1971). Members of ACRL voted to accept the standards. Item four, concerning education, was deleted. <