College and Research Libraries


cally cast, thereby, in the role of "bad 
guys." If such an attitude was conveyed by 
CALBPC staff, then the center was prob-
ably defeated from the start. 

If the Dougherty-Maier volume has a 
major fault, it is the fact that the center 
was more management-oriented than peo-
ple-oriented. In the final recommendations, 
this deficiency is admitted. The astonishing 
fact is that the need for the staff's knowing 
"how cooperation will affect their jobs, 
their future, or their status" was recognized 
only after the experiment was concluded. 
If ever there were a cogent argument for 
requiring prospective librarians to study 
personnel administration and psychology, 
this recorded naivety would provide it. It 
is incredible that library administrators can, 
in the 1970s, still claim unawareness of the 
need for staff to be treated as members of 
a team, not as chessmen to be manipulated 
on the board of library efficiency. 

Despite the naive personnel relations evi-
dent throughout the volume ( cf. especially 
recommendations 4 and 5, p.119), this rec-
ord of a "grand experiment" is rich in tech-
nical data. If anything, the tables are overly 
abundant and detailed. Every conceivable 
segment of the operation has been counted, 
timed, measured, or costed out. If for no 
other reason than this, every academic li-
brary catalog department ought to buy a 
copy of the book. 

There are, as is not uncommon with 
Scarecrow Press volumes, a plethora of 
typographical errors. In a work less depen-
dent for its value upon technical details, 
this problem might be more easily over-
looked. The finding of, for example, three 
alphabetical typos in Figure 2.5 causes the 
reader to wonder whether some of the num-
bers might also have been copied incorrect-
ly. It is unfortunate for the impact of the 
study that a more careful job of proofread-
ing was not done. 

In sum, the Dougherty-Maier report is 
a detailed, data-rich record of an important 
experiment in library cooperation. From a 
management standpoint, it will be invalu-
able to academic library technical services 
departments. From a human standpoint, 
however, it leaves much to be desired.-
Doralyn ]. Hickey, Associate Professor of 
Library Science, University of North Caro-
lina at Chapel Hill. 

Recent Publications I 491 

Massman, Virgil F. Faculty Status for Li-
brarians. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow 
Press, 1972. 
After hundreds of articles and papers 

dealing with faculty status for librarians, 
this is the first regularly published book to 
appear on the subject. It is worthy of the 
honor despite certain limitations. The pub-
lication is a sociological study of librarians 
in the nineteen state-supported colleges and 
universities in a three-state area-Michigan, 
Minnesota, and Wisconsin, excluding the 
senior state institutions. The author surveys 
the literature of the subject, examines the 
sociological bases of academic librarianship 
as a profession, and then compares repre-
sentative samples of librarians and class-
room faculty members. Although written 
as a dissertation, completed at Michigan in 
1970, it is broad-gauge and readable, 
soundly conceived and generally well exe-
cuted. 

The literature survey is done well, with 
no significant sources overlooked. Massman 
documents the history of the movement and 
summarizes the sociological factors upon 
which the movement for faculty status for 
librarians is based. In this section he shows 
good understanding and sound judgment 
in evaluations. 

The main body of the work, however, is 
a very extensive comparison of librarians-
92. 7 percent of whom hold faculty status-
and the classroom faculty in certain sub-
jects. A wealth of information is presented 
in eighty-eight tables, many of which sup-
plement even the excellent study of librari-
ans by Anita R. Schiller. These tables and 
the discussion compare librarians and class-
room faculty members as to age, sex, edu-
cation, length of service, publications, Sen-
ate and committee memberships, faculty 
rank by degrees held and by sex, publica-
tion, length of academic year, tenure, sab-
batical leave, and funds for research and 
travel. 

Some interesting findings are that 92.7 
percent of the librarians hold full faculty 
status, and that two-thirds are on nine or 
ten months contracts. These librarians are 
fortunate in this regard especially when one 
thinks of such states as California and New 
Jersey, or of some large universities. Re-
garding rate of publications, those on 
twelve-month contracts were, quite surpris-



492 I College & Research Libraries • November 1972 

ingly, exactly as productive as those on nine 
or ten months contracts. Women librarians 
published one-sixth as much as men. All 
published less than the classroom faculty. 
Regarding salaries, the author found Hbrari-
ans' salaries lower than those of classroom 
faculty at all ranks. However, when educa-
tion was taken into account the differences 
were small: librarians with the doctorate 
averaged $13,167 compared to $13,229 for 
classroom faculty; librarians with two mas-
ters' degrees, $9,980; and librarians with 
one master's degree $8,839 versus $9,605 
for a classroom teacher with the master's. 
The comparative maldistribution of librari-
ans among faculty ranks is documented but 
not discussed. Substantial discrimination in 
salary by sex is revealed and commented 
on, both among the classroom faculty and 
among librarians. 

Sociologists believe that the major de-
terminants of occupational prestige are ( 1) 
education, ( 2) amount of systematic and 
general knowledge, and ( 3) amount of in-
dividual responsibility. The author con-
cludes that the literature of librarianship 
is adequate but faults librarians on educa-
tion and responsibility. He concludes that 
education being the most critical factor and 
highly important in academic life, improve-
ments will be necessary. He sees faculty 
status as a major means for this continued 
improvement. 

The work does have several shortcom-
ings. The senior state universities are omit-
ted; in cluding them unquestionably would 
have affected the findings. Although the 
publication date is 1972, the field work was 
done in 1969 and the literature survey ends 
early in 1970. Much has happened in the 
two years since. The classroom disciplines 
from which the faculty sample was drawn 
were traditional subjects in which the doc-
torate usually is the terminal degree; it 
would have been desirable to include some 
subjects in which it is not, such as home 
economics, social work, library science, and 
the fine arts. Omitted is any information on 
several important aspects: the work week, 
role of the supporting staff, effects of facul-
ty status on organization and administra-
tion, and the views of those in the profes-
sion who oppose faculty status. As to the 
latter, the separate but equal advocates, 
and the management-efficiency group, he 

does list the leading figures. Also omitted 
are the principal threats to faculty status 
in a state-the state civil service boards 
who would like to extend their domain, 
and the out-of-state efficiency experts who 
may propose to save money by operating 
the library on what Louis R. Wilson once 
called a stripped-down housekeeping level. 
Also, as usual with Scarecrow Press books, 
the format is poor and there are a number 
of typographical errors. 

Despite these shortcomings, the book is 
a very welcome addition to the literature 
of faculty status. It provides a great deal 
of factual information and its conclusions 
will compel librarians to take stock and 
make plans for the future.-Arthur Mc-
Anally, Director of Libraries, University of 
Oklahoma. 

Wynar, Lubomyr R. Encyclopedic Direc-
tory of Ethnic Newspapers and Period-
icals in the United States. Littleton, 
Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1972. 
260p. $12.50. 
Immigrants are American history. De-

spite the characteristics of the American so-
ciety-opportunity, mobility, and integra-
tion, and despite the rhetoric of the melt-
ing pot, we are still a pluralistic nation. In 
fact, there is a resurgence of ethnic activi-
ties: action programs in ethnic communi-
ties, ethnic studies at the college and uni-
versity levels, etc., many recently supported 
with the Ford Foundation grants. Increas-
ingly, ethnic consciousness and cultural dif-
ferences are cultivated, not obliterated as 
in the past. 

For those interested in American social 
and cultural development, the ethnic press 
is a topic deserving special attention. By 
ethnic press we usually mean newspapers 
and periodicals published in a foreign lan-
guage or in English but addressing them-
selves to a national group. (Guidelines of 
Canada Ethnic Press Federation.) 

So far, few studies on the ethnic press ex-
ist. One of the first ones and still important 
from the historical point of view-The Im-
migrant Press and Its Control by Robert E. 
Park-was published in 1922 and reprinted 
in 1970. It examines the period following 
World War I. It is a thorough descriptive 
study of the characteristics and varieties of 
one thousand immigrants' publications. In