College and Research Libraries 124 I College & Research Libraries • March 1970 from this volume, except in very large categories, the relevant information about potential consultants. The volume seems to assume that anyone who calls himself a consultant, or who has worked on a few jobs, is one. This just isn't so. Evaluations of the work of a consultant are essential if one is to get the kind of help he needs. A librarian needing a consultant can find a long, unevaluated list of potential consultants from this volume, but he will have to spend a great deal of time by cor- respondence, telephone calls, and visits ABSTRACTS to existing libraries to find the right con- sultant for his problem. Dangerous and difficult though it would have been, the editors of this volume could have increased its value if they had tackled the problem of qualitative evaluations of the consult- ants they have listed. Perhaps without this, one would do just as well by consulting the headquarters of the American Library As- sociation, bad though that may be at times.-Ralph E. Ellsworth, University of Colorado. •• The following abstracts are based on those prepared by the Clearinghouse for Library and Information Sciences of the Educational Resources Infor- mation Center (ERIC/CLIS), University of Minnesota, 2122 Riverside Ave- nue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404. Documents with an ED number may be ordered in either microfiche (M F) or hard copy (HC) from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, National Cash Register Company, 4936 Fairmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20014. Orders must include ED number and specification of format de- sired. A $0.50 handling charge will be added to all orders. Payment must accompany orders totaling less than $5.00. Orders from states with sales tax laws must include payment of the appropriate tax or include tax ex- emption certificates. Documents available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Virginia 22151 have CFSTI number and price following the citation. Cooperative Services for "Big Country" Libraries. Report of a Survey with Rec- ommendations for Cooperating among Libraries of All Types in Thirty-six Counties of West Central Texas. By Dorothy Sinclair, and others. Austin: Texas State Library, 1969. 176p. (ED 032 093, MF-$0.75 HC-$8.90). This study was conducted to explore pos- sibilities for cooperative library activities in the thirty-six county region of the Abi- lene Major Resource System which has the Abilene Public Library as the Major Re- source Center. The report begins with a consideration of the region as an environ- ment for public library service, followed by a detailed assessment of the thirty- five public libraries. In addition to a con- sideration of the locally provided services and collections, there is a description of the Texas State Library's Major Resource Center and Area Library program as it affects the region. Consideration of aca- demic libraries includes an assessment of services and collections and a description of resources outside the region to which the academic library group has access. The description of the school library situ- ation includes comments on the regional centers recently established to assist local school districts and their libraries. The relatively few special libraries in the re- gion are also described. The major needs identified are ( 1) publicity on the impor- tance of libraries, ( 2) cooperation among existing libraries of all types, ( 3) estab- lishing long-range goals for the libraries of the region, and ( 4) strengthening the Abilene Public Library in its leadership role. Specific recommendations for imple- menting these needs are made. Feasibility Study for Incorporating a Year Abroad in the Library Science Curriculum. Final Report. By Frances Laverne Carroll. Norman: Oklahoma University, School of Library Science, 1969'. 51p. (ED 032 094, MF-$0.25 HC-$2.70). The purpose to be accomplished by study abroad is the education of society through the improvement of the education- al opportunities for librarians who directly influence libraries in the social order. A year's study abroad would be a means of ( 1) introducing the treatment of other cultures which is needed for increased un- derstanding of human nature, and ( 2) eliminating cultural bias in librarianship. In Part I the purposes of study abroad in library science are listed and discussed. Part II covers utilization of study abroad in education for librarianship. Part III lists and discusses criteria for selection of ma- jor cooperating schools in Germany and the British Isles. Supplement to a Study of Extra-Institu- tional Use of Libraries by Ohio Aca- demic Personnel. By Barbara Dennison. Columbus: Ohio State Library, 1969. 146p. (ED 033 736, MF-$0.75 HC- $7.40). The study for which this supplement was prepared consisted of an investigation of the use of libraries outside their own campus by the students, faculty, and re- search personnel of Ohio colleges and uni- versities. The results, conclusions, and rec- ommendations based on the data col- lected are published separately (ED 033 735). This supplement consists of tables and maps, grouped by region, which show the borrowing patterns for every Ohio col- lege and university included in the origi- nal study. These data were obtained from the interlibrary loan records of the insti- tutions surveyed, covering the twelve- month period between June 1967 and July 1968. The table for each institution shows the total number of items borrowed from Recent Publications I 125 other colleges and universities in the state, from nonacademic libraries throughout Ohio, and from academic and nonacadem- ic institutions in other states. The num- ber of theses and dissertations are noted separately. The maps included with the tables illustrate the in-state borrowing pat- terns, both from academic and nonaca- demic libraries, for each institution. A Study of Extra-Institutional Use of Li- braries by Ohio Academic Personnel. By A. J. Goldwyn and Edward Verhosek. Columbus: Ohio State Library, 1969. 179p. (ED 033 735, MF-$0.75 HC- $9.05). This study, supported by Library Ser- vice and Construction Act, Title III funds, was intended to investigate ( 1) the vol- ume of library h·affic between and among all Ohio campuses; (2) the kinds of li- braries patronized by Ohio academic per- sonnel; ( 3) the characteristics of those nonacademic libraries which were patron- ized (or at least of those parts of their collections which were used); ( 4) the variations in extra-institutional (off-cam- pus ) use according to the characteristics of each "home" institution; ( 5) other pat- terns of use; and ( 6) a methodology which could be utilized in this study and tested for other uses. Basic to the investigation were the plans of the Ohio College Library Center. Both formal (ILL) and informal (personal) use of academic and other li- braries were investigated. Study findings include: ( 1) a need for changes in inter- library loan forms; ( 2) the sovereignty of Case Western Reserve University, Ohio State University, Oberlin College, and the University of Cincinnati as sources of li- brary materials; ( 3) library activity out- side of Ohio concentrated in the north- eastern part of the U.S.; ( 4) Ohio aca- demic personnel using libraries in Ohio more than those out of state; and ( 5) the need for further use studies and a review of the experience of academic libraries using teletype. An annotated bibliography of 178 items is appended. Criteria for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Library Operations and Services. Phase III: Recommended Criteria and 126 I College & Research Libraries • March 1970 Methods for Their Utilization. By C. J. Wessel and K. L. Moore. Dover, N.J.: Pica tinny Arsenal, 1969. 104p. (available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information as AD 682 758, MF-$0.65 HC-$3.00). This report assesses and recommends criteria and methods for evaluating the performance (effectiveness and efficiency) of technical library operations and ser- vices. These criteria and methods include those identified in the state-of-the-art of library evaluation (existing criteria and methods) and those developed by adoption of criteria from the state-of-the-art of "scientific management" (candidate criteria and methods) . The final product is a list of recommended criteria and associated methods of implementing them. There are four proposed techniques: ( 1) scoRE An- alysis-a technique to measure the effective- ness of a service and the associated change in effectiveness due to a change in opera- tions or costs ; ( 2) scouT Analysis-a tech- nique to determine the optimum balance between operations which yields maximum effectiveness within budget constraints; ( 3) CORE Analysis-a technique to derive unit cost standards for given operations which produce a given quality of output; ( 4) GAME Analysis-a technique to eliminate un- necessary work or excessive delays, to ar- range work in the best order, to standard- ize usage of proper work methods, and to develop time standards to accomplish essential events. Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI); Analysis of Experimental and Operational SDI Services, 1967. By Alexander G. Hoshovsky. Arlington, Va.: Office of Aerospace Research (Air Force), 1969. 71p. (available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information as AD 691 012, MF-$0.65 HC-$3.00). The impetus for the nationwide study of SDI (Selective Dissemination of In- formation) came from the desire to learn more about the options available for the application of the SDI concept prior to decisions about its possible use in Air Force research and development activities. For this purpose, data on user populations, literature coverage, methods of establishing and maintaining profiles, as well as in- formation on the supporting equipment and special techniques, were sought. The find- ings and conclusions of this report have been drawn from the analysis of opera- tional characteristics in thirty-eight SDI services of the United States, and three SDI services of the United Kingdom; this represented a major portion of some fifty systems known to be in operation as of August 1967. The principal data collec- tion and verification tools consisted of struc- tured questionnaires, phone interviews, and published literature on specific SDI sys- tems. To insure accuracy of data, all of the respondents were asked to review and comment on the first draft report. Their responses and critique are incorporated in this report. A Program for a National Information System for Physics-1970-1972. New York: American Institute of Physics, In- formation Division, 1969. 183p. (avail- able from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information as PB 185 388, MF-$0.65 HC-$3.00). A program is presented for a National Information System for Physics based on a computerized AlP (American Institute of Physics) Information Service which is designed to augment the element of se- lectivity of the present information system for user interests. It is proposed that the system be developed in discrete stages, each adding to the capabilities of the sys- tem at the prior stage, in such a manner as to make use of the experience gained from pilot operation of one stage in completing the design of the subsequent one. Re- quirements for, as well as the capability of the AlP to implement the system start- ing in 1970, are documented. Overlapping Coverage of "Bibliography of Agriculture" by 15 Other Secondary Services. By Charles P. Bourne. Palo Alto: Information General Corp., 1969. 79p. (available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical In- formation as PB 185 069, MF-$0.65 HC-$3.00). This report presents the results of a study of the nature and extent of overlap in coverage by the "Bibliography of Agricul- ture" (B of A) and fifteen other abstract- ing and indexing services. Using a sam- ple of over 5,000 citations from 1967 is- sues of B of A, literature searches were made in fifteen other related services to determine the extent and nature of over- lapping coverage. One of the major findings was that approximately 54 percent of the B of A citations were not covered by any of these fifteen other services. The ma- terial covered uniquely by B of A was not significantly different in national or lingu- istic origin or form of publication from the B of A material that was overlapped by the other services. A total of 156 dif- ferent combinations of overlapping cover- age were noted. The greatest amount of overlap was provided by "Pesticides Doc- umentation Bulletin," "Biological Ab- stracts," c'Chemical Abstracts," "Biologi- cal and Agricultural Index," in that order, with no single service overlapping more than 20 percent of the B of A data base. Conversion of Retrospective Catalog Rec- ords to Machine-Readable Form; A Study of the Feasibility of a National Service. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1969. 242p. (ED 032 895, MF-$1.00 HC available from the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. as LC 1.2: M18/5, $2.25). This report examines ( 1) the present state of the art of hardware and software applicable to large-scale conversion, stor- age, and retrieval of retrospective biblio- graphic information; ( 2) the organizational and administrative aspects of the task; ( 3) costs of hardware, software, and man- power; and ( 4) possible approaches to the timing and funding of the project. The main body of the report examines the vari- ous problems involved and explores pos- sible solutions. It is concluded that ( 1) the MARC (Machine Readable Catalog- ing) service should be expanded to cover all languages and forms of material; ( 2) conversion for a national bibliographic data base requires standardization of biblio- graphic content and machine format; and ( 3) large-scale conversion should be ac- complished as a centralized project. Ap- Recent Publications I 127 pendices discuss ( 1) duplication (over- lap) in U.S. library collections, (2) ac- tual and planned data conversion activi- ties in selected libraries, ( 3) a summary of interviews with consultants, ( 4) the history and future of Library of Congress ( LC) catalog records, ( 5) changes in LC catalog cards, ( 6) completeness of machine-readable catalog records, (7) for- mat recognition, ( 8) computer require- ments for a national bibliographic service, and ( 9) staff complement and unit costs. Authoritarianism and Censorship: Atti- tudes and Opinions of Students in the Graduate Library School of Indiana University. A Report of an Exploratory Project Conducted as a Preliminary for a Proposed Nationwide Study of Ameri- can Public Librarians and Intellectual Freedom. By Charles H. Busha. Bloom- ington: Indiana University, 1969. 48p. (ED 033 727, MF-$0.25 .HC-$2.50). This study attempts to measure the at- titudes toward intellectual freedom held by a group of future librarians and to cor- relate these findings with certain syn- dromes of authoritarianism as reported in "The Authoritarian Personality," by T. W. Adorno, and others (New York: Harper, 1950). The hypothesis is that graduate library students who express approval of or display a tendency to agree with re- strictive controls on intellectual freedom will also concur with many of the atti- tudes characteristic of the authoritarian syndrome. If the hypothesis is correct, those students whose opinions score high on a censorship scale will also score high on the authoritarianism scale (Fascism or F scale) . The questionnaire, distributed to students in December, 1968, contained twenty-seven statements about intellectual freedom, book selection, and the role of the librarian interspersed with the eighteen questions from the F scale test. The find- ings of the study support the hypothesis that library school students who show a tendency to agree with restrictive meas- ures on intellectual freedom also agree with attitudes characteristic of the authori- tarian syndrome. The study did not re- veal that a large number of students agree with either censorship measures or with 128 I College & Research Libraries • March 1970 authoritarian attitudes. A copy of the ques- tionnaire is appended. Libraries in North Carolina Public Senior Colleges and Universities: Present Sta- tus and Future Needs. Raleigh: North Carolina State Board of Higher Educa- tion, 1969. 53p. (ED 029 657, MF- $0.25 HC-$2.75). This report is based on a study of fifteen public senior college and university li- braries in North Carolina as of June 30, 1968, conducted by Robert B. Downs. The libraries in most of the colleges and universities suffer from deficiencies in hold- ings, shortages in qualified personnel, and inadequate space. These problems result from increases in numbers of students and faculty, expansion of academic programs, increase in the number of books and peri- odicals published, high deterioration rates of existing holdings, and inadequate finan- cial support. The Board of Higher Educa- tion recommends that: ( 1) the book, pe- riodical, and binding budgets be increased at all public senior institutions depending upon needs; ( 2) institutions reach speci- fied goals for minimum numbers of vol- umes by 1975; ( 3) institutions not desig- nated as depositories for Federal Govern- ment publications become depositories; ( 4) the ratio of clerical sta:ff to librarians be raised to two to one; ( 5) the ratio of librarians to students be raised to one li- brarian for every 300 students; ( 6) · li- brary seating accommodate 25 percent of student enrollment; (7) administration, faculty, and library sta:ff explore ways of cooperating to improve services; ( 8) a study be initiated to determine the feasi- bility of a central research library facility for the state. The Ecology of Study Areas. By Robert Sommer. Davis: California University, 1968. 72p. (ED 032 906·, MF-$0.50 HC-$3.70). This project was conducted to deter- mine the conditions that make a satisfying study environment in colleges and univer- sities and to relay the findings to those who design and manage educational spaces. The investigation focused upon the process of studying and its relation to environmen- tal setting, and data was primarily gathered through site interviews at twenty-four in- stitutions of higher learning in northern California. Six complementary question- naires, consisting of open-ended and mul- tiple-choice items, were used for the in- terviews. Those cover room studying, li- braty studying, general environment, li- brary-residence comparison, and distrac- tions. Other small-scale investigations on related matters were also undertaken. The survey findings and recommendations are grouped according to specific study loca- tions: ( 1) library reading areas, ( 2) dor- mitories, ( 3) cafeterias and lounges, ( 4) empty classrooms, and ( 5) outdoor areas. Findings make it clear that an effective study environment is as much a matter of adminisb·ative rules and educational pro- gramming as architecture. To reach li- brarians, residence hall managers, and oth- ers who administer educational spaces , the author has written a number of ar- ticles based on the study findings for pro- fessional journals. References to these ar- ticles are included in this report. The six questionnaires used in the site interviews are appended. A Bibliographic Bank for Resource Shar- ing in Library Systems: A Fe·asibility Study. Final Report. By Eugene S. Schwartz and Henry I. Saxe. Chicago: Illinois Institute of Technology, Research Institute, 1969. 226p. (ED 033 737, MF -$1.00 HC-$11.40). This study of resource sharing among public libraries was made possible by six library systems in northern Illinois. With the organization of the library systems and development of interlibrary loan ser- vices and other cooperative activities, the problem of extending resource sharing among member libraries and between li- brary systems arose. Several library sys- tems have initiated union catalogs and a primary consideration of this study has been the status and utility of those union catalogs. The study indicated that union catalogs for library systems will not be of much practical value in interlibrary loan services and that money and effort can be better expended in other directions. The direction with the greatest potential is automated centralized processing and cataloging. The cataloging performed by the Library of Congress and available in its catalog cards and MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) magnetic tapes is a means to avoid unnecessary cataloging du- plication and provides a convenient tool for automated processing. Information Entrepreneurship and Edu- cation, Prescriptions for Technological Change. By Rowena W. Swanson. Arling- ton, Va.: Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Directorate of Information Sci- ences, 1969. 47p. (Available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va. Recent Publications I 129 22151 , as AD 686 093, MF-$0.65 HC- $3.00). The author maintains that information entrepreneurs are necessary because of the greatly increased production of informa- tion and the increased importance of in- formation for science and technology. The roles of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 and the State Technical Services Act of 1965 in the establishment of information services are discussed. Three of the state programs established under the State Technical Services Act are described, including the Pennsylvania Technical Assistance Program (Penntap ), New York's program, and North Carolina's Industrial Extension Service ( IES) . The next sections of the report are devoted to the benefits to industry of information services and the education of information scientists. Appendices II through V include syllabi and course descriptions for informa- tion science education. • • CORRECTIONS In Norman D. Stevens' article, c'Three Early Academic Library Surveys," ( November, 1969 CRL) p. 500, James Wyer's middle initial was given as L rather than I , and he received a Pd.D. d egree, not a Ph.D . Also, on p. 502, Goodrich's first name is Francis. In Ralph Lewis' article in the same issue, "Book Reading Among College Students in Pusan, Korea," Table 3 on p. 521 erroneously included K. Mans- field and B. Russell among the ten most popular American authors. The eighth and ninth most popular American authors should have been Nathaniel Hawthorne and Willa Cather. • •