College and Research Libraries ABSTRACTS (Abstracts given below are selected from those prepared for publica- tion in Research in Education by the ERIC Clearinghouse for Library and Information Sciences at the University of Minnesota. Unless otherwise noted, copies of the following documents are available, by · purchase, in microfiche or hard copy forrnat, from the ERIC Docu- ment Reproduction Service, National Cash Register Co. , 4936 Fairmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20014. Orders must include ED or LI number.) T eaching Library Use to Undergraduates -Comparison of Computer-Based In- struction and the Conventional L ecture. Final Report. By Marina Esther Axeen. Urbana: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library Service, 1967. 115p. (ED 014 316, EDRS price MF-$0.50 HC-$4.60) . The overall objective of this study was to provide specific information concerning the effectiveness of computer-based in- struction in teaching the use of the library. The sixty-six students who participated in this three semester experiment were under- graduates enrolled in library science 195, a course offered for credit by the Univer- sity of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science. The experimental group received their instruction by the lecture method. The author wrote a 923-frame program, excluding the "help" sequences for the Plato teaching system. The following are some of the conclu- sions drawn from this study: ( 1) students under both treatments made significant gains in their knowledge of library use; ( 2) the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in the amount of knowledge gained as a result of their respective treatments; ( 3) it was seen that in class the experimental group covered the same amount of material in less time than the control groups ; ( 4) much more time was required for the initial prepara- tion of Plato lessons than conventional lectures; ( 5) subsequent preparations for Plato lessons required much less time than subsequent conventional lecture prepara- tions ; ( 6) Plato instruction required less 70/ teaching assistance than conventional lec- tures; (7) instructor's time during admin- istration of lectures far exceeded the amount needed for the administration of the Plato method. Feasibility of Cooperation for Exchange of Resources arrwng Academic and Special Libraries in Pennsylvania. By Ralph Blasingame. University Park: Pennsyl- vania State University, 1967. 28p. (Pennsylvania State Library Monograph, No . 5; ED 016 495, EDRS price MF- $0.25 HC-$1.20). This study examines the present ex- change of resources by Pennsylvania aca- demic and special libraries and suggests means for a more effective system of co- operation, based on the assumption that the state has a responsibility in this area. Questionnaires were sent to special, col- lege, and university libraries for informa- tion on interlibrary loan involvement, and personal interviews were also held with the academic and library staffs at eight smaller colleges. Use of the Philadelphia Union Library Catalog and exchange ac- tivities of the Franklin Institute Library were both studied from samples of their requests. It was found that a voluntary system of exchange exists, and it can be described by curves of use according to type of library. Suggestions for a more ef- fective system include: ( 1) agreed upon scope for the varied institutions ; ( 2) a multi-centered and state-wide system with regional and state programs ; ( 3) no re- quirements of total resource commitment or limitation of an institution's activities; ( 4) goals to lower barriers to use and in- crease total resources; and ( 5) measure- ment of use. Initiative for the program should come from the state, and immediate further study should be followed by a de- tailed program statement. An appendix suggests a data bank to make certain data gathered by state agencies available. The Columbia-Harvard-Yale Medical Li- braries Computerization Project, A Re- view with Special Reference to the Phase I of the Project. By Ritvars Breg- zis. New Haven: Yale University, 1966. ( ED 019 102). The principal goal of the project is the activation of a real-time medical literature system, with the concept for the project based on recent technological innovations and an appraisal of expected future in- formation systems. During the first phase, a data file has been created which, with some adjustments, can be employed for time-shared interactive bibliographic infor- mation retrieval operations. The work of the project has also created staff capable of implementing more complex tasks and has demonstrated the practicability of mechanized production of catalog cards as a by-product. In view of these attainments, it is recommended that this project be con- tinued and that the compiled data file be used for the operation, under a single au- thority, of a pilot system featuring inter- active time-shared operations intended to provide a modest service of descriptive bibliography and to accommodate research and experimentation in more complex areas, such as subject-oriented bibliograph- ical control. The document also includes papers b y Frederick G. Kilgour on basic systems assumptions of the project (pre- sented at the University of Minnesota In- stitute en Information Retrieval, Novem- ber 1965 ) and on computer applications in biomedical libraries (given at the IBM Scientific Computing Symposium, May 1965) , a report of the Subcommittee on Input Procedures for the project, the proj- ect's computer program, and directions for using the cataloging worksheet. A bibliog- raphy of twenty-six items is appended. This document is available as PB-17 4-524 from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scien- tific and Technical Information, Spring- Abstracts I 71 field, Virginia 22151. $3.00 for hard copy, $0.65 for microfiche. Resources of Canadian Academic and Re- search Libraries. By Robert B. Downs. Ottawa: Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, 1967. 303p. (ED 019 095, EDRS price MF-$1.25 HC- NA). Although it emphasizes academic librar- ies, this study also includes the national and provincial libraries, large public li- braries, and special libraries that serve Canadian scholars, students, and research workers. With the data obtained from a questionnaire on library statistics and hold- ings, visits to the libraries, interviews with liorarians and university administrative personnel, and a poll of faculty and student opinions on library services, four major areas were covered in the survey-re- sources, techniques, service, and adminis- tration and finance. The central focus of the study is the rapid increase in student population, accompanied by increase in faculty, the "information explosion," new technology, rising publishing rate, shortage of professional librarians, inadequate li- brary buildings, changes in instructional methods, and new emphasis on research. The survey reveals that never before have Canadian libraries received the attention and support now accorded them, but suc- cessful libra1y performance will require much progress and general improvement. Recommendations for constructive action involve the areas of written policy state- ments, centralization, subject specialists , book selection tools and order procedures, strong reference systems, the National Union Catalogue, photocopying facilities , buildings planned for the future, academic status for professional librarians, library automation and mechanization, coopera- tion, sustained and increased financial sup- port, and improvement of resources to meet Canadian Association of College and University Libraries (CACUL) standards. A subject list of special collections in Ca- nadian libraries, a 132-item bibliography, and the checklists of reference books and periodicals used for the survey are append- ed. This study was supported by the Can- ada Council and the Council on Library 72 I College & Research Libraries • January 1969 Resources and is available for $5.00 from the Association of Universities and Col- leges of Canada, 151 Slater Street, Otta- wa 4, Canada. The Past and Likely Future of 58 Research Libraries, 1951-1980. A Statistical Study of Growth and Change, 1966-1967. By 0 . C. Dunn and others. Lafayette: Pur- due University Libraries, 1968. 70p. (LI 000 826, EDRS price MF-$0.50). Data presented include: 1) a fourteen- year collection, 1950-51 through 1963-64, on which analyses were performed and predictions generated, and 2) a three-year "follow-up" collection, beginning in 1964- 65, in which subsequent information has been compared with predictions. For each of the fifty-eight libraries the following statistics were obtained: volumes in and added to the collection; money spent for books , periodicals, and binding ; salaries and wage expense; professional and non- professional staff size; lowest professional salary paid; and total expenditures. The following were obtained when possible: total reported enrollment; reported gradu- ate student enrollment; and number of PhD degrees granted. This 1966-67 (fourth) issue of the report is shorter than the other issues as only that text necessary for understanding the graphs and tables has been included. For more discussion and text the earlier issues may be consult- ed. Availability-Library Offices , Memorial Center, Purdue University, Lafayette, In- diana 47907 ( $2.00). Resources of T exas Libraries. By Edward G. Holley and Donald D. Hendricks. Austin: Texas State Library, 1968. 364p. (LI 000 598, EDRS price MF-$1.50). This study of library resources was un- dertaken as a part of a statewide plan for higher education in Texas. The document includes descriptions of library facilities and resources at the University of Texas at Austin, other universities, and public and private junior and senior colleges. The public library network, health science li- braries, law libraries, special libraries, and emerging cooperative patterns are also de- scribed. The report's recommendations in- clude improved bibliographic access to the University of Texas at Austin library col- lections, a strengthening of the Texas State Library, efforts to increase use of existing resources, and coordination of co- operative programs. A sixty-page alphabet- ical subject list of areas of strength in Tex- as libraries has been compiled and includ- ed. Lists of one hundred basic periodicals and 257 basic reference books used to check holdings in the various libraries ap- pear in the appendices along with two maps showing locations of public and pri- vate colleges and universities in Texas. Availability-Edward G. Holley, Director of Libraries, University of Houston, Hous- ton, Texas 77004 (Free). Re port on a Statistical Study of Book Use, Supplemented with a Bibliography of Library Use Studies. By Aridaman K. Jain and L. Carroll DeWeese. Lafay- ette: Purdue University Libraries, 1967. 337p. (ED 018 244). The problem of predicting the patterns of use of library materials in order to de- cide which monographs should be removed from a main collection and placed in stor- age is studied in this report. Specifically, the study examines previously developed mathematical models and develops new mathematical models and statistical tech- niques for studying the dependence of circulation rate on a book's age and other characteristics. The dependence of circu- lation on age since acquisition is studied directly while some other characteristics , such as library environment, subject mat- ter and language of the monograph, are studied indirectly by dividing the total col- lection into homogeneous groups of books on the basis of these characteristics. In spite of recent tendencies to overempha- size the usage histories of library materials and play down the role of age, the study shows that age is a significant variable in predicting the rates of usage of mono- graphs and in deciding which monographs may be removed from a library's main collection. Appendices include: 1) a state- of-the-art examination of use studies; 2) a bibliography of 547 use studies prepared by L. Carroll DeWeese, who supplement- ed and updated the 1964 bibliography of use studies by Richard A. Davis and C. A. I I I J Bailey; and 3) a bibliography of eighty- four items compiled by the author of this study. This report is a Purdue University doctoral thesis and is available as PB-176- 525 from the Clearinghouse for Feder- al Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Virginia 22151, $3.00 for hard copy, $0.65 for microfiche. A Feasibility Study for a ]oint Computer Center for Five Washington, D.C. Uni- versity Libraries. By Ralph Parker. Washington: Consortium of Universi- ties, 1968. 44p. ( LI 000 509, EDRS price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.84). This study was conducted to determine the economic feasibility of a joint computer center and to analyze the potential for such a center to become part of long-range plans for regional and national computer networks. It was found that: the bases for fruitful interlibrary cooperation within the consortium already exist; it is necessary to create tools for locating materials; the li- brary operations are large enough and there is sufficient duplication of materials among the libraries to justify use of a joint- ly operated computer system for record keeping functions; and new techniques and data sources in machine readable form are increasing the potentialities of computers in libraries. Four alternatives are proposed: 1) an approach involving independent ac- tion by each library, except for circulation records, is not recommended; 2) a jointly operated small-to-medium-size computer, to be operated in batch mode with basic records maintained on tapes, is recom- mended for implementation at this time; 3) although now too costly, a sophisticated system involving massive on-line storage and use of remote terminals should follow the above system; and 4) a system in..:. volving a central facility for storage of little-used material and capability of fac- simile transmission is recommended for re- study in another decade. A list of the con- sortium universities is appended. This study was conducted under a grant from the Council of Library Resources to Georgetown University. Characteristics of Professional Personnel in College and University Libraries. Final Report. By Anita R. Schiller. Urbana: Abstracts I 73 University of Illinois, Library Research Center, 1968. 129p. (LI 000 863, EDRS price MF-$0.75 HC-$5.24). The objectives of this survey were to de- scribe the characteristics of librarians em- ployed on the staffs of the more than 2,000 higher educational institutions in the Unit- ed States in 1966-67, and to identify and examine relevant man power issues. The report is based on the responses of 2,282 individuals, or 93 per cent of 2,459 sam- pled full-time employees. Geographic ori- gin, age, marital and family status, profes- sional and academic degrees held, present positions, academic status and rank, and salaries are reported for all academic li- brarians, and for men and women. Data from other relevant studies are used to in- dicate trends and comparisons. Opinions of library career and of salary are reported. Major manpower issues are seen as: the importance of challenging work as a char- acteristic of the library career; recognition of special problems in librarianship where women are a numerical majority; need to eliminate discrimination; importance of full faculty status for academic librarians; and need for more equitable salaries. Appendix A (pages 93-104) contains a technical note on sampling procedures and results by James W. Grimm. Reference and Research Library Needs in Michigan; a Study of Resources, N eeds and Patterns of Use with Recommenda- tions for Improvement in Service. Lan- sing: Michigan State Library, 1966. 197p. (LI 000 595, EDRS price MF- $0.75 HC-$7.96). The objectives of the study were to de- termine the extent and nature of unmet needs of users of reference and research library resources and to propose measures to meet those needs. Data on research li- brary use were collected by three ques· tionnaires sent to four groups of users: 1) all faculty members of four-year public and private institutions of higher educa- tion in Michigan; 2) all teachers of off- campus university courses from the nine public universities and colleges offering such programs; 3) a sample of elementary and secondary public school teachers; and 4) a sample of manufacturing executives. 74 I College & R esearch Libraries • january 1969 Interviews with selected librarians, faculty m emb ers, and administrators yielded ad- ditional data. A study of interlibrary loan slips and non-registered borrowers' cards from selected major libraries in the state, and earlier studies and reports of libraries complete the data sources. The five major recommendations are: 1) establish inter- mediate reference centers; 2) designate as statewide resource libraries the Detroit Public Library, the Michigan State Library and the libraries of Michigan State U ni- versity, Wayne State University, and the University of Michigan; 3) provide library collections and facilities for off-campus students ; 4) the Michigan State Library should prepare and distribute a union list of serials; and 5) establish a coordinate council on reference and research library resources. L ibrary T echnology in California ]unim· Colleges, J'apers Presented at a Confer- ence on the Training of Library Tech- nical Assistants. Washington, D.C .: Communication Service Corporation, 1968. 76p. (LI 000 593, EDRS price MF-$0.50 HC from publisher $2.00). This conference was held to provide a forum for wide-ranging discussions of li- brary technical assistant training. Junior college educators and library personnel from school, college, and special libraries presented papers on these topics: 1) the junior college perspective on library tech- nology, including the education of library technical assistants and programs in Cali- fornia ; 2) areas of service for the library technical assistant in public, special, and school libraries ; 3) the administration and development of library technology pro- grams, with discussions of program fund- ing, the labor market, recruitment and placement; 4) the relation of library tech- nical assistant training programs to profes- sional associations ; and 5) the future of library technology programs, w ith five kinds of information workers suggested- teacher assistants, library technicians, mu- seum technicians, media technicians, and data processing technicians. Study to D ev elop a Research Program fo r the D esign D evelopment of Modern College Libraries. Final R eport. Mc- Lean, Va.: Historical Evaluation and Research Organization, 1968. 108p. ( LI 000 818, EDRS price MF -$0.50 HC- $4.40). This study formulates a research pro- gram to facilitate the establishment of li- braries for small liberal arts colleges using modern library methods and technology and new techniques of information storage, reh·ieval, and transfer. As a result of inter- views with librarians and others in the United States and Europe and from a re- view of current literature, areas in which further research is needed are defined as: 1) systems analysis and design; 2) new technology and techniques ; 3 ) coordina- tion of administration and user-oriented service; 4) interrelationship of education, information, and library services; and 5 ) potentialities of information storage and retrieval. New educational concepts and techniques affecting libraries include more independent study, integration of academ- ic disciplines, audio-tutorial teaching meth- ods, learning centers , and the library-col- lege. The ambiguous relationships of non- book information media-audio-visual, re- prographic, miniaturized, and automated- to the college library require clarification. The objectives of education, the role of the library and the librarian, coordination with the faculty in book selection , budget problems, potentialities of the computer , interlibrary cooperation, cost effectiveness , and decentralization vs. consolidation, are problems that need study as a basis for development of a new college library. A detailed outline of a research program is included. • •