College and Research Libraries 160 / College b- Research Libraries • March 1968 as educational TV, computer-assisted in- struction, and continuing education, to im- prove the educational process. The Coun- cil, which soon became known by the acronym EDUCOM, did not restrict its mission to any field. The first tangible effort to develop an action program was begun by the Task Force on Information Networks, under the chairmanship of George W. Brown of UCLA. The Task Force was charged with investigating a way by which a network could be established and was asked to prepare a proposal to seek the necessary funding for establishment of a pilot oper- ation. With the state of the art of network technology still unclear, there was need to obtain technical advice and also to ex- plore numerous other considerations. In July 1966 the Task Force, with small grants from several federal agencies, assembled at the University of Colorado 181 persons from education, government, and industry, to as- sist in the preparation of the proposal. The EDUNET Conference, as it came to be known, delved into all possible ramifications of a network system for the educational community, the definition of needs, network applications, organizational and institutional context, and finally the preparation of a specific network proposal. Those in at- tendance were asked to prepare working pa- pers on the above-mentioned topics, which in turn served as the basis for extensive discussion. More than one hundred and fifty working papers were written during the study. Plenary sessions were used to pull together much of the work. The conference proceedings first appeared as a preliminary draft dated September 1966 and had a very limited circulation. This draft was used as the basis for the publication now under review. Although some editorial work ap- pears evident in the final version, the ma- terial is presented here in the same form, and there are very few changes. The work- ing papers do not appear in full, but ex- tracts are taken from each, with the author and area of application cited. The extracts have been arranged in a reasonably logical sequence and are held together by com- ments and brief narratives. What emerges is essentially a series of short statements by many people rather than an edited and polished presentation. For this reason there is much unavoidable redundancy, and one finds many recurring topics. Although the book is an important summary of the views of many knowledgeable people from a va- riety of backgrounds and training, it is probably not a volume that will be read from cover to cover. As to the material that appears in the volume, there is no doubt that a very substantial case is set forth for the need of a network and that sufficient evidence is presented to demonstrate that there are shareable machine-readable re- sources that could be used to establish a pilot network. It would have been inter- esting if some of those in attendance at the conference had presented a case for not establishing a network. It is impossible to comment on the many extracts cited, but the views of J. C. Lick- lider of IBM and John Carr of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania are especially worth noting. Mr. Licklider feels that the system should consist essentially of a network of networks and that one of the valuable things that EDUCOM can do is to maintain a central registry or directory of networks and related resources. Prof. Carr stresses the need for standardization and system compatibility feeling that EDUCOM should be responsible for standardizing "on-line communications up to the interface with the members, and the members should have the responsibility of meeting these standards. . . Throughout the volume, many diverse views are presented, and it is to the credit of the editors that the main message—the need for improving the edu- cational and research process by the shar- ing of each others' resources through a network—comes through.—John P. McGow- an, Northwestern University. Library Surveys. Ed. by Maurice F . Tau- ber and Irene Roemer Stephens. N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1967. xxii, 286 p. $13.50 (67-25304) The present collection of papers by lead- ing lights in the somewhat esoteric world of library surveys is based upon a Con- ference on Library Surveys, held at Colum- bia University in June 1965. The expand- ing interest in the general theme is shown by the recent publication in England of a work with the same title, Maurice B. Book Reviews / 161 Line's Library Surveys, subtitled An In- troduction to Their Use, Planning, Pro- cedure, and Presentation. No fewer than seventeen speakers con- tributed to the Tauber-Stephens compila- tion, among whom one recognizes such veteran surveyors as Guy Lyle, Edwin Wil- liams, Leon Carnovsky, Donald Bean, Low- ell Martin, Stephen McCarthy, Morris Gelfand, Frances Henne, and Walter Brahm, as well as a surveyor of surveys, E. W. Erickson. From such a group, we would expect a diversity of views, and we get it. Background for the series is provided by Guy Lyle in his article exploring "the ori- gins and evolution of the library survey." Lyle selects for extended comment a half dozen "landmark surveys" of the past ninety years, placing them in their proper his- torical setting and reviewing their method- ology and accomplishments. Beginning with the special government report issued in 1876, Public Libraries in the United States, the story continues through the ALA Sur- vey of Libraries in the United States (1926), Wilson's The Geography of Read- ing (1938), Joeckel and Carnovsky's A Metropolitan Library in Action ( 1 9 4 0 ) , the Public Library Inquiry (1949-52), and in- stitutional library surveys, exemplified by the pioneer Report of a Survey of the Uni- versity of Georgia Library ( 1 9 3 9 ) , by Louis R. Wilson and others. Lyle also considers the place of the self-survey (as do a num- ber of the other contributors) and evalu- ates the influence of the Carnegie Corpora- tion and the Chicago graduate library school on the development of surveys. The rather bewildering variety of library surveys merely demonstrates that they are designed to serve different functions. Thus we have comprehensive investigations, such as those listed by Lyle; studies of library collections; of technical services in libraries (sometimes subdivided by analyses of ac- quisition procedures, cataloging, classifica- tion, applications of automation, etc.); li- brary use; building and facilities; general administration; budgets and finance; per- sonnel; and of types of libraries—academic, public, school, special, and state—all con- sidered by experts in the Tauber-Stephens work. The complex matter of surveying library collections is treated in depth by Edwin Williams, whose Resources of Canadian University Libraries for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences has had an enormous impact on Canadian library de- velopment since its publication in 1962. The prolific output of reports on collections is examined by Williams from the points of view of purposes, methods, and results. The methodology is still far from stand- ardized, but Williams provides some use- ful guidelines. The editors are the authors of a chapter on another popular area, "Surveys of Tech- nical Services in Libraries." Tauber's sea- soned approach, conditioned by innumer- able investigations in the field, comes out in a detailed discussion of the choice of the library consultant, the literature of such surveys, reasons for, how to conduct processing surveys, and a review of three typical processing surveys: those of McGill University library, Dallas public library, and Nassau library system. An old hand with another kind of survey, Leon Carnovsky, looks at studies on the use of library resources and facilities from the points of view of circulation trends by type of agency, by classes of material, and by reader. While circulation statistics are rela- tively easy to come by, Carnovsky empha- sizes the difficulties in their interpretation. Particularly complex is any meaningful study of library reference work. Library buildings and facilities are of basic importance, because of the large sums of money involved and their bearing on the general effectiveness and efficiency of the whole library operation. This type of survey is examined by Donald Bean, who writes from a background of many years of commercial consulting. In other chapters, John A. Humphry deals with surveys of budgets and finance, Lowell Martin with personnel, and Stephen A. McCarthy with administrative organiza- tion and management. Five contributors concern themselves with surveys of types of libraries, and E. W. Erickson concludes with a convincing review of the value, effectiveness, and use of the library survey as an instrument of administration. The Tauber-Stephens work is the first full-scale investigation of an increasingly important branch of library science. No 162 / College b- Research Libraries • March 1968 significant aspect of the multifarious field is omitted. Experienced surveyors and those planning any type of survey will find in the compilation a variety of helpful discussions on the methodology, purposes, limitations and uses of the library survey in its many manifestations.—R. B. Downs, University of Illinois. Prince of Librarians: The Life & Times of Antonio Panizzi of the British Mu- seum. By Edward Miller. Athens, Ohio: The Ohio University Press, 1967. 356p. $7.50. (67-26123). The life of Antonio Panizzi, the volatile Italian who set the British Museum on its road to greatness in the mid-nineteenth cen- tury, has fascinated practitioners of the bio- graphic art for the last ninety years. In ad- dition to Louis Fagan's major two-volume work which appeared in 1880, a year after his mentor's death, there have been numer- ous articles and several monographs treat- ing some aspect of his life. If he was not the "Prince of Librarians," as his admiring young staff member William B. Rye called him, he surely approached such distinc- tion more nearly than anyone else. Panizzi began his long association with the British Museum in 1831 when he was appointed Assistant Keeper of Printed Books. Upon his appointment Panizzi dis- covered that, despite its rich collections, the Museum was grossly inadequate as the national library and that it was presided over by a group of elderly clergymen who had neither the dynamism nor interest to make it worthy of the English nation. What others lacked, it was quickly apparent that Panizzi had. He was a scholar whose edi- tions of Boiardo and Ariosto were even then coming from the press, and this back- ground in bibliography and literature fit- ted him well for his task. Beginning with cataloging, a problem which would plague him during his entire stay at the British Museum, Panizzi demonstrated his capa- bility to the trustees and subsequently to a whole series of Parliamentary committees. He was promoted to the position of Keeper of Printed Books in 1837 and finally to Principal Librarian in 1856, but throughout all the intervening years he was a major force behind the Museum advancement. When one reads of the disorganized col- lections Panizzi inherited, the necessity to establish a strong collecting policy, to as- semble staff, to argue for better book budg- ets, and to plan additional space, he can feel right at home in nineteenth-century England. Few administrators accomplish their tasks in eight-hour days, and obvi- ously Panizzi did not. As an administrator he drove both himself and his staff hard, but he was always fair and argued con- stantly that such service deserved reward in the form of higher salaries. For this rea- son most of his subordinates admired and respected him; but some, especially the incompetent, had occasion to experience his ruthlessnes. As biographer Miller notes, Panizzi was not one to suffer fools gladly. In reading the biographies of nineteenth- century librarians one is struck by their continuous problems with trustees. Strength of character was needed in abundance and Panizzi had that. His legal background was helpful in marshalling arguments and those who entered the fray against him could be assured a worthy opponent. Having had to endure long years of misrepresentation and pettiness Panizzi might have been expected to respond in kind. In presenting all the controversies in which Panizzi was engaged, Miller has tried to be fair to all parties and has generally succeeded. Yet he obviously has sympathy with his subject—a prime requisite for a good biographer. He does not hesitate to make generalizations reflecting his appar- ently low opinion of administrators, per- haps best characterized in his summary of Panizzi's contributions: "He was forced early in life to abandon the delights of aca- demic research for more arid pastures, but, even there, he was able to leave his mark" (p. 321, cf. 131). Occasionally one wishes for a better revelation of the personality of the man. Still there is a chapter on "Friends and Acquaintances" and throughout the book one gets glimpses of Panizzi's asso- ciation with the Italian revolutionaries and the leading Whig officials of his day. On the whole this is a well written and interesting book. Typographically it is un- distinguished which seems unfortunate for such a substantial contribution to library history.—Edward G. Holley, University of Houston. m u