College and Research Libraries answer the problems, for even the largest li- braries cannot hope to have everything. Fur- ther technical advances in microreproduc- tion were predicted, but such deterrents were noted as copyright infringement and the lack of a good hand reader by which the individual can read microprints. Mr. Clapp stated that the purpose of a research library in an undergraduate college is to bring into the educational process the de- velopment of research attitudes. He warned, however, that while a selected undergradu- ate library has great merit it may provide the user with the excuse for being lazy by being content with the best encyclopedias and the latest monographs. Lacking in the publication is a record of the discussions that must have taken place in the dining rooms and at informal get- togethers. These may have been the most gratifying part of the program. They prob- ably centered around resources, especially of periodicals, the quality of tl)e faculty and the library staff, and of buildings to provide room for the resources and users.- Flora B. Ludington, Mount Holyoke Col- lege. Phonograph Record Libraries: Their Or- ganisation and Practise. Edited by Hen- ry F ; J. Currall, for the International As- sociation of Music Libraries. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1963. 182p. $5.50. (63-6033/MN). The ever-increasing number of phono- graph record collections in public and aca- demic libraries is slowly forcing out of the guardians of these collections a body of pertinent literature. The already-great need for such material grows daily while the material itself merely trickles out. Thus, it is quite an event when an entire book is devoted to the subject, as is the volume un- der consideration here. · Produced under the aegis of the Inter- national Association of Music Libraries, this series of essays by various authors is edited by Henry F. J. Curran, F.L.A., who has attempted to compile a book that will be helpful to established as well as to future record libraries. In addition to editing the volume, Mr. Currall contributed a chapter dealing with the establishment and maintenance of phon- orecord libraries. Whiie conceding that some MAY 1964 of the information found in this chapter will be of interest to a library considering the addition of a record collection to its present services, this reviewer found it to be far too detailed (his model record library collected £693 in fines and £37 for breakage in a given year) and too specific to have any great significance for a library with much more or less than a 25' x 15' space allotment (his minimum). Undoubtedly the most useful chapter for the record library already in operation is the one by Eric Cooper entitled "Technical Data and Information on Gramophone Rec- ord Libraries." This presents a brief explana- tion of the process of record manufacturing, followed by a detailed, illustrated discussion of the stylus. A short section dealing with amplification becomes somewhat too tech- nical for the electrical layman ("In the con- stant amplitude system the cutter displace- ment is in proportion to the amplitude of the driving voltage. . . . ") and the chapter concludes with a helpful lecture on the gen- eral care of records. Here is found one of the most fascinating statements in library literature: "To safeguard records, borrowers should be advised to use a diamond ·stylus with a tip radius of .007 in." What ought to be the most useful chapter, that on phonodisc cataloging procedures followed at the BBC, evolves quickly into a pedantic and elementary treatise written in high school textbook style ("If a person is going to perform any task, the first essential is that he has some knowledge and interest in the materials to be dealt with .... A per- son who is not particularly interested can never make a success of anything.") . Al- though the bare facts in this chapter are sometimes helpful and enlightening, the tone of delivery is such that many readers will be alienated immediately. The page and a half devoted to the preaching of ACCURACY! in cataloging, for instance, is surely un- necessary here. Since the book is directed to a public library audience, much of its material will be of little interest and consequence to most readers of this journal. It lacks such desir- able things as a comparative discussion of the pros and cons of various cataloging sys- tems and only one of its 182 pages gives recognition to the existence of spoken word recordings. As an addition to a mass of 231 literature dealing with phonorecord libraries, however, this book is probably a valid in- vestment. It is unfortunate that such. .a mass of material is currently nonexistent. For academic libraries, especially those out- side Great Britain, its value as a guide to future record libraries and librarians may be justly contested.-Christopher Barnes, Cor- nell University. The Uses of the University. By Clark Kerr. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963. 140p. $2.95. (63-20770). In the 1963 Godkin lectures at Harvard, President Kerr of the University of Cali- fornia described the many changes that have occurred in universities of the United States during the past twenty years or so. All of us have known that universities have grown larger. We have known that great sums of money have poured in to support research and teaching projects of all sorts, large and small. Many of us have not fully realized, however, that the changes have been so extensive as to produce almost a new institution whose activities are so varied that new names are required for it. Kerr uses "federal grant university" as one term, but his most distinctive name is "the multi- versity." This complex and sprawling or- ganization, he says, has no· single animating purpose and is often . serving divergent or even conflicting aims, but it has developed out of historical necessity. "It is an impera- tive rather than a reasoned choice among elegant alternatives." The demand that has called forth the multiversity is, Kerr says, the increasingly crucial need for knowledge in our society. Academic institutions as the keystone of the "knowledge industry" have been re- quired and will be required to respond to society's urgent demands for information and for expert capabilities. Kerr's book is interesting, informative, and provocative. Every reader will see in it the implications that most affect him. This reviewer was particularly concerned by Kerr's tendency to acquiesce and even to see merit in col}fusion and lack of plan. He mistrusts :Grand Designs. He prefers con- fusion ~ 'for _ the sake of the preservation of the whole uneasy balance" of an academic institution. He de~crjpes the university pres- ident as a mediator playing off power groups against each other, not as a leader wielding power to accomplish his own objectives. He thinks federal grants are more wisely award- ed on the basis of "intuitive imbalance" than on the basic of "bureaucratic balance." Although he expresses some of his opinions in a bantering way and none without ex- plicit or implied reservation, he seems to underestimate both the capacity of a uni- versity to control its own destiny and the dangers of failing to do so. No element of the university is more di- rectly or adversely affected by failures in institutional planning and direction than the library. In Germany, as Danton has recently reminded us, the professors, provided with ample funds under their sole control, cre- ated institute libraries that largely duplicate and supersede the university libraries. The government and foundation grants of recent years raise the possibility, for the first time on a large scale in the United States, that professors, having funds at their disposal outside the customary institutional channels, may now set up similar rivals to the univer- sity libraries. Academic librarians must be prepared to act and react wisely, creating new services where they are justified and resisting forcefully and persuasively where they are not. One of the significant develop- ments of the next few years will be the in- tensification of the trend toward new li- brary facilities arranged, not on a tradi- tional subject basis but on a project basis, whether that be a geographical area of the world, an uncommon language, or a new scientific application. In order to plan and to act wisely, librarians will need to be well informed about recent and future trends. Kerr's book is ~n excellent beginning step. No one with any concern for higher edu- cation can afford to miss this book; anyone who reads it will profit.-W. L. Williamson, Columbia University. Protecting the Library and Its Resources. ALA Library Technology Project. (L TP Publications, No. 7.) Chicago: ALA, 1963. XV, 322p. $6. (63-19683). This excellent report of . a study under- taken by the Library Technology Project has been well publicized, widely distributed, and so generously reviewed elsewhere that 232 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES