College and Research Libraries


not yet developed to a point where they can 
replace the older methods.-Ralph H. Park-
er, University of Missouri. 

Cost of Library Services 

The Cost of Providing Library Services to 
Groups in the Purdue University Com-
munity-1961. By Gerald L. Quatman. La-
fayette, Ind.: Purdue University Library, 
1962. 58l. Apply. 

The purpose of the Purdue study was to 
determine the average cost of providing li-
brary services and facilities to members of 
the university engaged in research supported 
by organizations outside the university. This 
clientele works primarily in the science field, 
uses more current materials, and needs the 
material more quickly than others. 

The author was a graduate research assist-
ant at Purdue who worked with Purdue li-
brarians and with a representative from the 
university's business office. The duration of 
the study was from February 1961-January 
1962, a period of one year. Twenty survey 
days were selected. Entire days were used for 
a sample of usage. The days were selected to 
represent as equitably as possible other days 
with similar characteristics. 

The information in this study will pro-
vide a basis for including library cost esti-
mates in government and industrial research 
contract budgets, the purpose for which the 
study was made. But, in addition, it will 
provide librarians with a greatly needed 
study of true library costs. To know that the 
library cost to serve undergraduates is $44.22 
per year, that the graduate cost is 2.8 times 
as great as that to undergraduates, and that 
faculty cost is 2.267 times as great, would be 
invaluable information to the library admin-
istrator. These ratios reflect the fact that 
faculty members and graduate students use 
more costly library services than undergradu-
ate students. 

The process used by Quatman in arriving 
at his cost figures is well worth studying. It 
can be used as a guideline for future cost 
studies in libraries. These studies are greatly 
needed. The study was conducted in five 
steps: 

1. The actual use of twenty library services 
was measured. 

2. The costs of the services were computed. 
3. The costs of the services were allocated 

to the using groups on the basis of per-
centage of use. 

4. The total costs chargeable were divided 
by the number of persons. 

5. The ratios of graduate student to under-
graduate student library costs and facul-
ty member to undergraduate student 
library costs were computed. 

The tables are numerous, and the presen-
tation is lucid. Table VIII shows the average 
percentage of time spent on various library 
services and table IX, the percentage of ref-
erence time spent on each type of question; 
table XII, which shows the distribution of 
the cost of library services, is exceedingly 
helpful to busy administrators. Quatman's 
study of space expenditures is perhaps the 
most original section of the study. 

It is hoped that this study will stimulate 
other cost analyses in the library profession; 
all administrators need them constantly.-
Lorena Garloch, University of Pittsburgh. 

Cataloging 

Sample Catalog Cards, Illustrating Solutions 
to Problems in Descriptive Cataloging. By 
Robert B. Slocum. New York: The Scare-
crow Press, 1962. 190p. $4.50. 

Cataloging Made Easy. By A. Stan Rescoe. 
New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1962. 
210p. $5. 

The cataloger is always seeking help with 
the idiosyncrasies encountered in original 
cataloging. Here are two books which prom-
ise help. As Mr. Slocum points out in his 
preface, there are printed codes available for 
describing works with peculiar and unusual 
characteristics, but they often leave that 
element of vagueness that produced uncer-
tainty in the first instance. Sample Catalog 
Cards provides, under appropriate headings, 
examples of what has been done on Library 
of Congress printed cards. Cataloging Made 
Easy summarizes rules and provides ex-
amples. Both will be useful to catalogers. 

170 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES 



The arrangement-alphabetical by topic-
adopted by both texts makes them particular-
ly suited for reference by the experienced 
cataloger. Because of this arrangement, how-
ever, it seems unlikely that these books will 
be of first importance to the student of cata-
loging. To use them to best advantage a per-
son must have experience and background in 
cataloging. Therefore, this reviewer feels that 
the chief users of these two volumes will be 
neither the beginners nor the revisers but 
those in the middle ranks who are not yet 
expert in doing original description. 

It is plain that Slocum has met the ques-
tions that arise from cataloging. Care in the 
selection and the variety of his examples at-
test to his sophistication in this respect. Look 
at his eight illustrations of "Contents Note" 
and ten of "Physical Description Notes" each 
of the latter complementing LC 3: l5C5. 
There is, however, a feature which prevents 
easy use of this book: in spite of alphabetical 
arrangement, topics do not stand out enough 
to catch the eye when scanning. This defect 
could have been corrected by running titles 
of section headings, and since this style was 
adopted for Cataloging Made Easy, why not 
for Sample Catalog Cards? 

Mr. Rescoe is to be congratulated on this 
new edition of his work. For a decade Tech-
nical Processes (its first title) has been useful 
in instructing beginning catalogers. This re-
viewer has never used it for a text in teaching 
but expects to do so with reservation: the 
book seems more useful in finding examples 
rather than as a basic text. The index, useful 
to the beginner, is particularly good. Catalog-
ing Made Easy is an attractive title for a 
book. It is perhaps deserved but surely exag-
gerated, as it may deceive the uninitiated in-
to thinking it simplifies. It does not do this 
beyond the scope of rules cited. The author 
knows this and carefully states so in his 
preface. 

In summary: both texts are helpful; neith-
er is self-sufficient. Cataloging Made Easy is 
for the more junior cataloger, both are for 
the intermediate with various levels of ex-
perience. Both will do just what the authors 
claim in their behalf. The cataloger and the 
teacher of cataloging can use them with 
profit.-Vivian Prince, University of South-
ern California. 

MARCH 1963 

Photoduplication 
Directory of Library Photoduplication Serv-

ices in the United States, Canada and Mex-
ico. Comp. by Cosby Brinkley .. Chicago: 
University of Chicago Library, 1962. 46p. 
$1.50. 

The appearance of photoduplication serv-
ices in libraries about 1900 brought with it 
complications similar to those involved in 
interlibrary loans. Applicants needed not 
only union listings of resources, but also a 
directory to those institutions which had the 
ability to make photocopies. The coming of 
microfilm in the late 1930's aggravated this 
problem. Besides numerous specialized list-
ings and one international handbook, four 
directories have been published for general 
use in this country. The first two were pre-
pared under the auspices of the Special Li-
braries Association, and the last two by one 
individual under the sponsorship of the 
American Library Association. 

The first to appear, in 1941, was Ross C. 
Cibella's Directory of Microfilm Sources. This 
56-page booklet listed some forty institutions 
that offered microfilm service with their own 
equipment, as well as many others that used 
outside sources or were contemplating the in-
stallation of their own equipment. It also 
listed the type of camera used and frequent-
ly the type of reading machines available. 
More than half of the volume consisted of 
facsimiles of the order forms used by twenty-
one institutions. A short list of commercial 
.firms was also included. 

In 1946 the Directory of Microfilm Services 
in the United States and Canada appeared, 
prepared under the chairmanship of Jurgen 
G. Raymond. Though a slimmer thirty pages, 
it raised the number of active libraries listed 
to fifty-five, as well as increasing the number 
of fringe institutions. It began the pattern of 
geographical arrangement that has been fol-
lowed ever since. The listing of cameras and 
readers was dropped, as well as the facsimile 
order forms. 

A longer period elapsed before the publi-
cation in 1959 of the Directory of Institution-
al Photoduplication Services in the United 
States compiled by Cosby Brinkley with the 
help of the Copying Methods Committee of 

171