College and Research Libraries By KAROL MAICHEL Czechoslovak National Bibliography: A Historical Sketch ~E DESIGNATION "Father of Czech ~ Bibliography" doubtless belongs to Josef Jungmann. His work, Historie lit- eratury ceske aneb soustavny pfehled spisu ceskych s krrltkou historii nrlrodu} osviceni a jazyka}1 was the first success- ful attempt to compile Czech-written production from the earliest period to 1825. It is not, as the title suggests, a his- -tory of literature in the sense of belles- lettres, but rather a list of manuscript and printed material on various subjects, divided into seven chronological sections based on historical events. Each section is preceded by a brief description of the general and literary history of the period. Except in the first two sections, which comprise the earliest writings up to 1310, the material is divided into seven to ten classes: linguistics, literature, history, geography, philosophy, law, religion, mathematics, natural science, and medi- cine. All together, the work lists 2,453 items and has two alphabetical indexes: one of Czech authors and one of foreign authors translated into Czech. In the Czech author index, each author is pro- vided with a short biographical sketch. This pioneer work saw a second edi- tion in 1849, with coverage extended to 1846, listing 7,273 items. The material was collected and prepared for publica- tion by Jungmann himself, but due to 1 Translation: History of Czech literature, or a sys- tematic survey of Czech writings, with a brief history of the people, culture and language. (All Czech titles in the remainder of the article are translated in foot- note citations.) Mr. Maichel is in charge of S~avic ac- quisitions} Columbia University Libra- rzes. JULY 1957 his death in 1847 the work was edited by V. V. Tomek. A title index, compiled by Tomek, was added in the second edition. For almost a century Jungmann's work was the basic bibliography for the period covered, and as such was often supple- mented. Of these the most important is the work of I. L. Hanus, published in two volumes (1869 and 1871) entitled Dodatky a doplnky k ]ungmannove His- torii literatury ceske. 2 A direct continua- tion of Jungmann's first edition ·is Josef Vaclav Justin Michl's Auplny literaturnj letopis cili obraz slowesnosti S.lowanuv nrlfecj ceskeho w cechrlch} na Morave} w Uhfjch atd.} od leta 1825 az do leta 1837}3 published in Prague in 1839. It contains 832 entries, arranged by subject. With the publication of Jungmann's sec- ond edition, much of the original value of Michl's work was lost; but because it lists some items not listed by Jungmann, it is not entirely superseded. Most of the period covered by Jung- mann, Hanus, and Michl was, a hundred years later, covered more thoroughly by Zdenek Tobolka in his two-volume work Knihopis ceskych a slovenskych tisku od doby nejstarsi az do konce XVIII stoleti.4 The first volume, on incunabula, was published in 1925; the second, covering the period from 1501 to 1800, appeared in 1939. Every entry has a detailed anno- tation, and there are reproductions of some title pages. The arrangement is 2 Additions and supplements to Jungmann's history of Czech literature. 3 Complete annals of the literature of Slavs with Czech dialect in Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, etc., from 1825 to 1837. 4 Bibliography of Czech and Slovak publications from the earliest times to the end of the . eighteenth century. 269 alphabetical by author, followed by a short biographical sketch. There are three indexes: a chronological index of works, an alphabetical title and author index, and a subject index. In contrast to the previous centuries, the nin.eteenth century lacks a compre- hensive bibliography which would give an adequate survey of its book produc- tion. Although numerous attempts were made, none of them lasted longer than a few years. This was due to the fact that most of the attempts were made by pri- vate individuals who lacked the financial support to -continue. It is true that there were a number of bibliographies com- piled by literary historians and book- sellers, but the former limited their work to particular subjects, while the latter compiled bibliographies from those books which they had on hand, and thus none of them can be called comprehen- . sive. For the first half of the nineteenth century we can use the J ungmann bib- liography, the second edition of which goes to 1846, as well as the work of]. ]. Heinrich Czikann, Die lebenden Schrift- steller Miihrens (Brno, 181.2), arranged alphabetically by author and containing the rna jor bibliographical information. The two works of Christian d'Elvert, Historische Literatur-Geschichte von Miihren und Osterreichisch-Schlesien, published in Brno in 1850, and Gesch- ichte des Bucher- und Steindruckes, des Buchhandels, der Biicher-Censur und der periodischen Literatur, so wie Nachtriige zur Geschichte der historischen Literatur in Miihren und Osterreich Schlesien, published in Brno in 1854, can be con- sidered for continuation and supplement of the Jungmann and Czikann bibliogra- phies. D'Elvert gives a chronological list of Moravian printers with brief descrip- -tions of their publications. From among the bookseller lists the most useful bibliographical work for the nineteenth century is the work of Jan Vaclav Rozum, Seznam ceskych knih, obrazu a hudebnich vytvaru, ktere posud na sklade jsou, 5 which was compiled on the holdings of Jaroslav Pospisil's book- store in 1853. The work was published in 1854, and according to the author it is a "quite complete list of the Czech output in the early nineteenth century." It is arranged alphabetically by title, with author, translator, and publisher index, a systematic index of authors arranged by their subjects, and a list of booksell- ers in Bohemia, Moravia, and Vienna. Another work which covers the first half of the nineteenth century, but which is important to us especially because of its coverage of the first decade of the second half, is Frantisek Doucha's Kni- hopisny slovnik cesko-slovensky: Seznam knih, map, obrazu a hudebnin 1774 az 1864,f> published in Prague in 1865. It is arranged alphabetically by author, with detailed bibliographical notes and data for collectors. In some places the author lists reviews in periodicals. The first half of the 1870's is covered by Vestnik Bibliograficky} edited by F. A. Urbanek from 1870 to 1874 in Prague and published by I. L. Kober. This tool, a monthly, covers the period from 1869 to the first four months in 1874. In January of 1874 the editorship of the · journal devolved upon Otakar Hostinsky, but only four more numbers appeared. In January of 1875 publica- tion was renewed under the editorship of -Fr. A. Zeman and F. A. Urbanek, but it ceased publication altogether toward the end of 1876. In 1877 the Association of Czechoslo- vak Bookseller Accountants 8 under the editorship of A. Michalek, I. Kloucek, and 9thers, started the publication of Slovansky katalog bibliograficky. 9 This 5 List of Czech books, pictures, and musical works, which are still in stock. 6 Czechoslovak bibliographical dictionary: list of books, maps, pictures and music from 1774 to 1864. 7 Bibliographical messenger. 8 Spolek ceskoslovenskych knihkupeckych ucetnich. 9 Slavic bibliographical catalog. 270 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES annual included the Slavic countries of Bohemia, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Croatia, and Serbia. In spite of all the efforts to ·keep it going, it survived for only four years. Because of difficulties connected with the procurement of mate- rial, it ceased publication with the 1881 ISSUe. The years 1880-83 are covered by the indefatigable F. A. Urbanek, who in 1880 renewed his publication of 1870 under the title Urbdnkuv V estnik Bib- liograficky.10 This monthly listed the Czech and Slovak book and periodical publications in the fields of literature, music, and art. An important feature is the information about reviews of some of the more important books. Its great disadvantage is the lack of a cumulative index. For the years 1884-88, there is no Czech national bibliographical tool ex- cept for F. A. Urbanek's publication of 1909 entitled Biograficky a bibliograficky slovnik ceskych spisovatelu?1 in two vol- umes. Volume one is subtitled Bdsnici a be.letriste 1800-190012 ; volume two, Spi- sovatele vedeCti 1800-1900. 13 Although the title suggests inclusion of all the works of poets, writers, and scientists of the nineteenth century, it is in reality a selective list of works from the nine- teenth century, dependent upon Ur- banek's judgment, and is far from com- plete. The remaining years of the nineteenth century, from 1889, are covered quite ad- equately by a number of bibliographical tools. The most important of these is the tesky katalog bibliograficky/4 published by the above-mentioned Association of Czechoslovak Bookseller Accountants in Prague. This monthly covers the years 1889-1903, listing the book, pamphlet, periodical, and music output in Czecho- 10 Urbanek's bibliographical messenger . u Biographi<:al and bibliographical dictionary of Czech writers. 12 Poets and belletrists, 1800-1900. 13 Scientific authors, 1800-1900. 14 Czech bibliographical catalog. JULY 1957 slovakia as well as Czechoslovak litera- ture published abroad, especially in the United States. From 1891 on, it includes an index to scientific articles in the ma- jor Czech periodicals. The years 1898 to 1903 (vols. X-XV) came out in 1906 in one cumulative volume, compiled byVoj- tech Kudlata_ The other bibliographies for this period were compiled by some publishing houses which began at this point the listing of Bohemian national book production. A comprehensive bibli- ography for the years 1897-1900 with a subject index, issued by Backovsky Pub- lishing House under the editorship of B . Jindfich, is entitled Abecedni soupis vsech knih vsech nakladetelu ceskych vydanych za poslednich tfi let. 15 The years 1892-94 are covered by ceskd bibli- ografie/6 edited by I. L. Kobra. For the years 1900-01, publications are listed in the cesky V estnik Bibliograficky 17 of the Rivnac Publishing House_ As we have seen, the nineteenth cen- tury does not possess a comprehensive bibliography of Czech books, although various sectional bibliographies exist. In order to cover the book output of the vears for which there are no Czech bibli- ~graphies, as well as of the years which have only superficial coverage, we must turn to the Austrian bibliographies of the nineteenth century, when the present Czechoslovak terri tory belonged to the Austro-Hungarian 1\fonarchy. The first of this kind is the first Austrian national bibliography, Al1gemeine Bibliographie filr das Kaisertum Osterreich) published in the periodical Osterreichische Blatter filr Literatur und Kunst) a supplement to the Osterreichisch-Kaiserliche Wiener Zeitung) which began in 1853. It was compiled by the Library of the Ministry of Domestic Affairs, whose director was C. vVurzbach. It was issued weekly and contained German, Italian, Hungarian, 15 Alphabetical index of all books of all Czech pub- lishers published within the past three years. 16 Czech bibliography. 17 Czech bibliographical messenger. 271 Czech, Slovak, Polish, and Slovenian ti- tles. It ceased publication in 1857. For 1859-60 we have the Bibliographisches Central-Organ des dsterreichisches Kai- serstaates, also a publication of the Min- istry of Domestic Affairs. This tool, a semi-weekly, is arranged systematically, listing only the important literary publi- cations. It includes the same countries as the previous work. From 1860 on, there appears the dsterreichische Buchhiindler- Correspondenz} a publication of the Aus- trian Bookseller Association. At the be- ginning this tool was published three times a month, later becoming weekly. It listed German, Hungarian (to 1889), Czech, Italian, Polish, Croatian, Serbian, and Bulgarian publications. From 1861 to 1870, the yearly cumulation of this bibliography was published under the title dsterreichscher Katalog: Verzeich- nis aZZer im jahre 18 ... in dsterreich erschienenen Biicher}Zeitschriften JK unst- sachen } Landkarten} und Musikalien. In 1871 this yearly cumulation came out . under the title Alphabetisches Verzeich- nis der Bucher} Kunstartikel und Musi- kalien} welche im Jahre 1871 in der oster- reichisch-ungarischen M onarchie ers- chienen sind. However, in 1872 this title was changed to Halbjiihriges Inha.lts- Ver- zeichnis} der in den Bibliographien der osterreichischen Buchhiindler Correspon- den z aufgenommenen Neukeiten und Fortsetzungen} and it appeared under this title as a semi-annual to 1882. From 1883 to 1888 its continuation was dster- reichischer Katalog: Verzeichnis aZZer vom ]anuar bis ]uni (]uli bis December) 1883- . . . in dsterreich erschienenen Bucher} Zeitschriften} K unstsachen} Land- kart en und Musikalien} also a semi-an- nual. It is divided into five sections, ·of which the second contains Slavic writings. The years 1881-94 are covered in Gesamt- Ver.lag-Katalog des Deutschen Buchhan- dels und des mit ihm im direkten Ver- kehr stehenden Auslandes} published by Russel in Munster in Westfallen. It is a 28-volume work consisting of sixteen parts. Volumes XII and XVI include Bohemia. Bibliographical control in the twenti- eth century showed a promising develop- ment at the beginning of the century; when in 1902 the Czech Academy of Science ( Ceska Akademie cis are Fran- tiska Josefa pro vedy, slovesnost a umeni) decided to take over the recording of the national book output, and in the next year, under the editorship of Z. V. To- bolka, published Ceskd bibliografie}ts starting the coverage with the year 1902. As stated in the preface, the bibliography "aims at completeness" for the Czech lands. AI though the original idea was to publish it annually, for the previous year, the volumes appeared irregularly, often delayed as much as two or three years. It ceased publication with the year 1911, the volume for which was pub- lished in 1914. A second tool for this period, as well as for the last decade of the nineteenth century, is ]. Schmidt's Pfirucni seznam ceske literatury? 9 a catalog of books from approximately 1880 to 1916, in classified arrangement. It was published in 1917 by the Association of Czech Booksellers and Publishers. Its disadvantage is that it lacks an author index. In March of 1919 there was established the Bibliographical Institute of Prague University, whose task it became to re- cord all Czechoslovak publications. The Institute first brought out in 1923, under the editorship of L. K. Zivny, the Bibli- ografisky Katalog cSR. 2 o This weekly classified listing was based on the obliga- tory copies received by the Bohemian li- braries. In 1924 an alphabetical index of authors was added and, from 1926 on, a subject index. Up to 1935 it is not en- tirely comprehensive, because there was 1 8 Czech bibliography. 19 A handy index of Czech literature. 20 Bibliographica l catalog of the Czecho slovak Re- public. 272 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES until then no national law for obligatory copies. The gap between 1916, the last year covered by Schmidt's Pfirucni seznam ... , and 1923, the first year of the Bibli- ograficky Katalog, was filled later by a two volume work of Karel Nosovsky and Vilem Prazak entitled Soupis ceskoslo- venske literatury za leta 1901 az 1925.21 Volume one, which covers the letters A to L, was published in 1931; volume two, with the rest of the alphabet, was pub- lished in 1933. The work contains over 75,000 items and is arranged according to decimal classification. Another aid for this period, as well as for the following two decades, is the Prague Public Li- brary's catalog of acquisitions in the field of literature entitled Seznam belletrie (od r. 1912 do 1924)22 published in 1924, and its supplements, the Seznam ceske belletrie puvodni i preloiene (Bdsne, krdsnd pros a a literatura dramatickd ),23 published in 1929, 1932, and 1935, cover- ing the period 1925 to 1934. These works were issued as a part of the collection Spisy knihovny hlavneho mesta Prahy,24 numbers 1, 2, 11, and 18. In 1948 a con- tinuation was published under the title Knizny Novinky 1935-1947.25 In contrast to its predecessor, which is limited to lit- erature, the later work includes nineteen different fields and, according to the preface, records "the large majority of the Czech book output of the past 13 years ." It does not include periodicals, school textbooks, annual reports, or chil- dren's books. It is arranged in alphabet- ical order by author and has a subject index. In 1925 the Bibliographical Institute at the Prague University Library merged with the Narodni Knihovna, which con- tinued to publish the above-mentioned Bibliograficky Katalog in its original 21 Index of Czech literature from 1901 to 1925. 22 Index of belles-lettres (from 1912 to 1924). 23 Index of Czech original and translated belles- lettres. 24 Writings of Prague Library. • 25 Book news, 1935-1947. JULY 1.957 form (weekly) until 1929. From 1930 to 1932 it became an annual publication, but it returned to a weekly with cumula- tions and general index in 1933. It is published except for a few minor changes in this form to date. From 1942 to 1945, during the German occupation of Bohe- mia, it was entitled Bibliographischer Katalog: Bibliograficky Katalog; verzeich- nis des im Protektorat Bohmen und Miih- ren erschienenen Schriftums.26 After- wards it resumed its original title. The Bibliograficky Katalog GSR in- cludes several parallel series, such as Geske knihy,21 Slovenske knihy,2s Geske hudebniny,29 Slovenske hudobniny,3o Gldnky v ceskych casopisech,3l and Gldnky v slovenskych casopisoch.32 The Geske knihy and the Slovenske knihy, which record the national book production, give full bibliographical description of individual items listed, as well as a brief annotation. The arrangement is classi- fied. They have cumulative author, title, and subject indexes as well as an index of translations. The Slovak national bibliography on the whole has a much less complicated history than the Czech. The equivalent to Jungmann in Slovak is the work of L. V. Rizner, Bib.liografia pisomnictva slovenskeho na sposob slovnika od naj- starSich cias do konca r. 1900,33 covering all Slovak publications from the earliest times to the end of the nineteenth cen- tury. It was published in TurCiansky Sv. Martin by Matica Slovenska from 1929 to 1934 in six volumes. This lifetime work of L. V. Rizner is arranged alpha- betically by author, with books and ar- ticles in chronological order under each author. A particular feature is that it 26 Bibliographi~al catalog; list of literature published in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. ?:T Czech books. 2s Slovak books. 29 Czech music. 30 Slovak music. 31 Articles in Czech periodicals. 3 2 Articles in Slovak periodicals. 33 Bibliography of Slovak publkations from the: earliest times to the end of the nineteenth century in dictionary arrangement. 273 lists in many cases bibliographical works about the writer, after listing all his works. A supplement is J. Misianik's Bibliografie slovenskeho pisomnictva do konca XIX xtor.-Doplnky k Riznero- vi~34 published in Bratislava by the Slo- vak Academy of Science in 1946. These two works, plus the Czech tools which in- clude Slovak output such as Tobolka's Knihopis ceskych a slo v ensky ch tisku . .. ~ Doucha's Knihopisny slovnik . . . ~ Slo- vansky Katalog) Cesky katalog bibliograf- icky~ and the Austrian national bibliog- raphy, cover the Slovak book output to the end of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century the Slovak national book output began to be re- corded, beginning with 1923, in Bibliog- raficky Katalog cSR. In 1939, due to the German occupation of Bohemia, the Slo- vak part was dropped, and there was no listing of Slovak output for six years. After the war, in 1945, the Bibliograficky Katalog resumed the Slovak recording and continues it to the present. Thus, there were two gaps in the Slo- vak national bibliography of the twenti- eth century. The first one was from 1903, the last year of Cesky katalog bibliograf- icky> to 1923, the first year of Bibliograf- 34 Bibliography of Slovak p ublication s to the end of the nineteenth century.-Supplements to Ri zner. icky Katalog cSR. This gap was filled by the previously mentioned work of K. No- sovsky and V. Prazak, Soupis Ceskoslo- venske literatury za leta 1901-1925 )35 pub- lished in three volumes from 1931 to 1938. A helpful bibliography for this pe- riod also is the work of A. Zeilinger, Pan- theon Tyrnaviense bibliographicam con- tinens recensionem operum typis tyrna- viensibus 1578-1930~36 published in Trna- va in 1931. As the title implies, it covers everything published in Trnava from 1578 to 1930. Arrangement is chronolog- ical b y date of publication. The second gap, 1939-45, was filled by two works of A. Dubay. The years 1939 to 1941 are covered in his work entitled Bibliograf- icky katalog slovenskej kniznej tvorby za roky 1939-41,37 published in 1948. The next four years he covered in his Bibliografia slovenskej kn ~znej tv orby za roky 1942-45>38 published in 1953. Both works were published by the Biblio- graphical Institute at the Slavonic Uni- versity Library in Bratislava. The ar- rangement in both is alphabetical by author, with various indexes. 35 Index of Czechoslovak literature from 1901 to 1925. 36 A census of prints pu bli shed in Trn a va, 1578- 1930. 37 A bibliogr a phical ca talog of the Slovak book pro - duction f or the y ear s 193 9!41. . 38 A bibliogr aphy of the Slovak book production f or the years 1942-4 5. Graduation Gift from . Earlham Library A service to graduating seniors which may be unique among college libraries has been instituted by Earlham College Library, Richmond, Indiana. A bibliog- raphy, R efer ence Books for a P ersonal Library~ listing some forty books in vari- ous fields, is given to each graduate. He is also given a permanent library card entitling him to full use of the Earlham College Library. The card advises him to use his local public library first and then the Earlham Library for needs not filled locally. The bibliography was compiled by Ellen Stanley, assistant librarian of the Earlham College Library and herself an alumna of Earlham. Copies of the first bibliography are also being mailed to all alumni. An ac- companying memorandum from the li- brarian announces the availability of permanent library cards for the asking. 274 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES . '