College and Research Libraries find them in libraries; in explaining classifica- tion schemes, that of the Library of Congress is dismissed rather casually, but Dewey's and, understandably, Louttit's own classification schemes are gone into in some detail. Famili- arity with library arrangement and willingness to enlist the aid of the reference librarian are recognized as prerequisites to any research job. In the chapters covering scientific reporting, all forms of written and oral communication that the psychologist is likely to need are clearly and comprehensively treated. The authors give explicit instructions for prepar- ing standard manuscripts and bibliographies, prefaced by the warning that specific journals have individual requirements which must be met when one expects publication in them. Twenty major psychological journals are described as to frequency, area of interest, policy for distributing reprints, cost (if any) to the author, and publication lag; there is also a section dealing with the most frequent reasons why editors reject manuscripts. Besides a list of references at the end of each chapter, there are appendices: lists of 306 reference books (annotated) and 331 journals of value to the psychologist; sources of books, tests, apparatus, etc.; and a glossary of abbreviations for not only psychological terms but also names of organizations, tests, and physical measurements. The usefulness of this reference tool to those with any connection with psychological literature is marred only by the unfortunately inevitable fact that the material has already begun to be dated. The bibliographies include almost nothing later than 1952. Descriptions of research sources have altered, e.g. Louttit's own Psychological Abstracts has since changed from monthly to bi-monthly publication. In spite of this drawback, Professional Prob- lems in Psychology will prove a valuable ad- dition to the guides to the literature of the sciences.—James C. Dance, Psychology Li- brary, Columbia University. Cataloging Catholic Material A Manual of Cataloging Practice for Catho- lic Author and Title Entries. By Oliver L. Kapsner, O.S.B. Washington: Catho- lic University of America Press, 1953. $2.00. Librarian at St. John's Abbey, College- ville, Minnesota, for some twenty years and research cataloger at the Catholic University of America since September 1951, Father Kapsner has long been familiar with the prob- lems of librarians dealing with collections of Catholic material. Out of this experience with theological and religious literature have already come his Catholic Subject Headings (now appearing in a third edition), Catholic Religious Orders, and A Benedictine Bibli- ography. This Manual has been developed as a further aid to catalogers in Catholic libraries and is intended as a guide and arbi- ter in those areas of cataloging practice which are not adequately covered in existing cata- loging tools. As the subtitle indicates, the entries and rules for entry are intended through adapta- tions, revisions, and new provisions to be "supplementary aids to the ALA and Vatican Library Cataloging rules," or, as in the case of the Vatican rules, to indicate an expansion or modification to suit the needs of Catholic libraries in America. The entries cover Bible; Apocryphal Books of the Bible; Liturgical Books of the Latin and Eastern Rites; Prayer- Books; Catechisms, Hymns, Indulgences; Imi- tatio Christi; Index Librorum Prohibitorum; Saints; Popes; Councils and Synods; Pastoral Letters; Catholic Church and Holy See; Per- sonal and Corporate Names in Religious Orders; and Monastic Rules. Under each topic the corresponding ALA and Vatican rules are specified, with descriptions of ma- terial belonging to that category, rules for entry with generous examples of entries and sample cards, and suggested subject headings, particularly form headings. For many of the entries, as Imitatio Christi and Index Librorum Prohibitorum, no varia- tion from present procedure is proposed except minor changes such as the addition of a date to the entry. In other cases, variations from ALA rules and Library of Congress practice are indicated, with suggestions to catalogers in Catholic libraries for bringing these entries into conformity with Catholic usage, as for Biblical and Apocryphal Books of the Bible (though we note here that those Books not included in the Catholic canon would be treated as "anonymous classics" and entered under "accepted names"). At other points, as in entries for liturgical literature, entries under Catholic Church, and for personal names in religion, complete 238 COI.LEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES revisions of the ALA code are recommended and the changes are more drastic. It is here that Father Kapsner hopes to formulate what could "be considered correct procedure not only for Catholic libraries, but for all librar- ies." Since these proposals represent major departures from our present cataloging code, they should be examined for their probable re- sults in cataloging procedures and the refer- ence use of the catalog. Under the proposed revision, separate litur- gical books of the Latin Rite would be entered directly under their "well-established and distinctive Latin names," e.g., Breviarum romanum instead of Catholic Church. Liturgy and ritual. Breviary, as at present. Liturgical books of the Eastern Rites, presently entered under Catholic Church followed by the name of the Rite, would, for reasons of language differences, proliferation and obscurity, be en- tered under the name of the Rite and prefer- ably in Greek, as Byzantine Rite. Liturgy and ritual. Euchologion with an added entry under the name of the book. The "direct entry" principle is also applied to many of the bodies and titles now entered as subheads under Catholic Church, as Codex juris canonici for Catholic Church. Codex juris canonici and Popes, 1922-193Q (Pius XI) for Catholic Church. Pope, 1922-1939 (Pius XI). Publications of the "diplomatic body" of the Catholic Church would be en- tered under Holy See instead of under Catho- lic Church, thus Holy See. Legates, nuncios, etc. and Holy See. Treaties, etc. Objections raised to the use of Catholic Church as an author entry may well be met by Father Kapsner's proposals and the Catholic library may find here a satisfactory solution. However, it should be pointed out that these proposals would result in decentraliza- tion of catalog entries. For any but a highly specialized library or one in which the use is almost entirely by specialists, such a dispersal of entries would require highly skilled library personnel to uncover them. The values ac- cruing from material brought together in the catalog by means of headings and subheads would be lost. The adoption of this proposal for the entry of Catholic liturgical books would raise the natural question concerning the extension of this principle to similar ma- terial of other groups and bodies. For the Catholic, the entries proposed may be more "correct" than our present procedures, but cataloging rules must be tempered with judg- ment and even expediency, especially in a gen- eral code involving many groups and prob- lems. Another revision comes at the point of personal names in religious orders which would be entered in accordance with the prac- tice of the individual, adding the conventional order initials or abbreviations to the names in all cases, except when there is already the qualification of Saint, Pope, etc., thus Theiner, Augustin, C.Or., 1804-1874, or Mary Eleanor, Mother, S.H.C.J., 1903- . Requiring the cataloger to determine the "practice of the individual," establish the order to which the author belongs and supply correct order initials or abbreviations would be a step away from our present trend of simplification in cataloging. Before adopting any such elaboration, libraries want to be sure that further complications in the cataloging process would provide equivalent values to the user of the catalog. The reviewer, working with the resources of a well-developed theological library, largely Protestant in character, has found that it would be difficult and expensive to apply Father Kapsner's proposal, and she suspects that this would also be true for a general library where the interest in religion is general and non-technical. Other problems emerge, such as the cost in revising or adapting LC cards for direct en- tries or to conform to Catholic usage; the problem of changing previous entries to agree with the new practice; complications arising from dual cataloging processes for those li- braries engaged in cooperative cataloging; and variations in catalog entries from library to library. Even though the adoption of certain of Father Kapsner's proposals in a general cata- log code is open to question, this Manual will be useful and even highly suggestive to all libraries. Questions have been raised that deserve further exploration, such as the pro- posal for entry of Biblical commentaries under name of commentator rather than under Biblical text. Catholic libraries will find it invaluable in the organization of their material and in accommodation of their patrons. They will want to give its sugges- tions careful consideration. All of us are grateful to Father Kapsner for his careful work in a difficult subject area and his at- tempts to meet inadequacies in our present APRIL, 1954 239 cataloging rules.—Helen B. Uhrich, Yale Divinity School Library. Architecture and Libraries Forms and Functions of Twentieth-Century Architecture. Talbot F. Hamlin, editor. (4 vols.). New York: Columbia Univer- sity Press, 1952. $75.00. Most librarians facing a library building project are likely to be quite deficient in their knowledge of architecture. To dispel their ignorance in this vital area, they could perhaps do no better than go into seclusion for about four weeks, equipped with Hamlin's 22-pound monumental compendium of architectural in- formation. After having absorbed the content of the 3446 pages, including 3745 illustrations, which cover a vast amount of theoretical and practical knowledge, they will be much better prepared to understand their architects and to confer with them intelligently and construc- tively. Most of all, they will have rid them- selves of the false notion that a librarian's idea of a library building must necessarily be in conflict with an architect's idea of a li- brary building. This is not the place for presenting a comprehensive critical review of the 4-volume work from the professional architectural point of view. It should suffice to present a brief summary of the chief points of criticism and praise and point to specific features of interest to librarians. The work was edited by the former Avery librarian of Columbia Univer- sity's School of Architecture, who was also a professor of architectural history and theory; it took five years to write and edit the publi- cation. Volumes 1 and 2, presenting a survey of the elements of building and structure and the principles of architectural composition, were written almost completely by the editor; volumes 3 and 4, dealing largely with indi- vidual building types or the social function of architecture, were written by 51 specialists, most of whom were practicing architects. The work is eminently readable throughout, is attractively printed, and the illustrations have, for the most part, been carefully selected to clarify the text rather than merely to em- bellish it. The philosophy underlying the work is that contemporary architecture has grown out of the traditions of the past, that the basis of architecture lies in the social needs of man. The work has been criticized, 011 the other hand, for devoting too much space to history of architecture and history of architectural theory, for being weak on its formulation of the philosophy of contempo- rary architectural design, for its distinctly American orientation despite its many illus- trations drawn from international architec- ture, and for its failure to provide much guidance to those whose job it is to make architecture progress. None of these criti- cisms, however, detract seriously from the value of the work as a comprehensive survey of virtually all aspects that are relevant to 20th century building problems. Libraries as a building type are treated in a special 40-page chapter, written by Alfred M. Githens, an architect of much experience in library building design, whose work includes the Baltimore and Brooklyn public libraries, the Joint University Libraries, and most re- cently the new modular library of the Uni- versity of Georgia. Almost one-third of the chapter is devoted to library building history of an excessively antiquarian character; the rest of the chapter deals succinctly with standards of library design, elements of li- brary buildings, types of library buildings, factors to be considered in planning, and fu- ture trends. Mr. Githens expresses the view that the alleged traditional animosity between architect and librarian has been gradually dis- appearing with the current trend toward functionalism. He clearly enumerates the essentials in library design and correctly emphasizes that library building plans must be based on actual requirements rather than precedent. At times, Mr. Githens fails to make a sufficiently clear distinction between what is current practice and what might be regarded as the most desirable practice. For instance, when he states (1) that "in a large public library the newspaper room is generally segre- gated and perhaps has its own outside en- trance," he seems to imply approval of this segregation whereas many public librarians would not consider such segregation neces- sarily desirable; or (2) his statement that "except in very large libraries the desk or desks should be near the public entrance, with a clear view of it," may be taken to imply that such placement is recommended despite the fact that he recognizes that "many li- brarians believe that a desk should not face the entrance or be made conspicuous, lest the 240 COI.LEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES