College and Research Libraries Notes from the A.C.R.L. Office In some ways college libraries seem pretty well standardized by the common acceptance of techniques and at least lip service to the same general aims. A f t e r visiting many in connection with A . C . R . L . work, I have reached the conclusion that similarity is largely superficial and libraries are just as individual as the librarians who operate them. Nearly every library visited had some feature unique to my experience. A t one time I thought that the particular excellences of each institution might well be noted for the consideration of this membership. T h e plan has been aban- doned, however, in the realization that many techniques and attitudes owed their particu- lar excellence to the settings and could not be recommended for universal adoption. In place of that I am substituting a few general obser- vations on the state of college and university libraries today. Originality and service can rise above the limitation of a starvation budget for a period, but eventually there comes a time when every individual succumbs somewhat to the effects of malnutrition. Many of our college libraries are operating on alarmingly small sums. Boasts of budget and salary increases have been numerous during the past five years and usually omit mention of decline in value of the dollar, or of increased enrolment and in- come. It is purchasing power that counts, not dollars. An increased work load in the form of students served and books housed should be matched by increased purchasing power or service will sooner or later begin to decline, no matter how devoted and inspired the staff may be. I have seen nothing to indicate that college libraries are any better off financially today than they were 10 or 20 years ago. T o check this I studied 15 published and unpublished budget reports available at headquarters (the first 15 in alphabetic order, omitting Califor- nia and Columbia as too large to be typical). T h e total budgets increased about 87 per cent in purchasing power from 1928-9 to 1948-9. O n the other hand, enrolments more than doubled during the period, as did the book collections. If library operations increase in expense with growth of collections, something is wrong in this picture. University libraries with book collections of over half a million volumes were next ex- amined. Only eight of these had published figures showing the total institutional budget and total library budget for 1939-40 and 1948-49. Every one of the eight was getting a smaller share of the educational dollar on its campus in 1949. T h e average decrease was 17.8 per cent. These brief investigations warrant much more careful analysis. However, they indicate that librarians are getting less. N o one, in looking back to 1929 or 1939, would say that libraries were then getting too much. Figures for the home circulation of books are notorious for error, omission and misin- terpretation, but they should not for that rea- son be ignored. A comparison of reported home circulation of 13 of the 15 college li- braries in 1929 with similar figures for 1949 indicated only three colleges had increases in circulation which kept pace with increases in student enrolment. These three colleges all turned out to have had similarly adequate budget increases. Study of the other 10 li- braries indicated circulation rise and fall bore some rough relation to adequacy of support. Apparently university presidents who wish to have students read more widely will be wise to give better support to their libraries. Cooperation between librarian and teaching faculty has certainly increased in recent years. T h e development of the divisional library has played some part in this desirable development. Likewise the recognition of undergraduate li- braries in universities has been a progressive step. While some universities had these li- braries a generation and more ago, the prin- ciple seems to have gained wide acceptance in only very recent years. It appears to me that only in isolated cases has great progress been achieved in making the library a truly effective educational instru- ment for the student body, a real laboratory of the mind. Recently I visited a small city which had both a large university and a lib- eral arts college. T h e university library is one of the great research collections of the country, but very few people were in evidence in the stacks or the reading rooms. T h e staff talked to me with interest and originality 276 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES about various library techniques for handling books. On the adjoining campus, the same af- ternoon, the college library reading rooms were thronged. T h e reason seemed clear. T h e small college library set itself to be an education instrument reaching every student in every course. T h e shop was no model, but a lot of good books were getting heavy use. Our university libraries are inclined to neglect many things that are customarily done for students on small campuses. Instruction in the use of the library is, from personal experience, quite a problem when 75 or 80 sections of freshman English are involved. Consideration of the library's contribution to every course taught looks impossible when there are many hundreds of courses. Nevertheless these and other services must be faced if university li- brary systems are going to measure up to the college libraries. It is distressing to note that at least a small percentage of practicing librarians seem to have few professional interests. These in- terests can legitimately take a variety of forms—essentially bookman activities, schol- arly research in a subject field, study and de- velopment of library techniques, leadership in state or national professional associations and so forth. Lack of participation in any of these activities and of routine following of procedures year in and year out are evidences of mental stagnation. Low salaries, over- work and stifling supervision certainly are con- tributing factors. It would seem that head librarians have a definite responsibility to en- courage professional participation on the part of the staff. A judicious mixture of sugges- tion, assistance, cooperation, recognition and gentle pressure should accomplish a good deal. The choice of type of activity is greater for librarians than practically any other profes- sion. * * * By a recent mail vote the Board of Direc- tors approved a proposal for A . C . R . L . to un- dertake limited surveys of small liberal arts colleges upon request. This plan was dis- cussed in this same column in the January 1951 issue. The board also approved an increased allot- ment for the Committee on Publications. This is to be used to start a new series, A . C . R . L . Occasional Papers. These will probably be issued in multilith and take monographs whose length precludes publication in College and Re- search Libraries or other material of consid- erable value to perhaps a quite limited pro- fessional group. Several hundred copies will constitute an edition, which will be put on sale at a nominal charge. Standing orders will be solicited. The board voted to establish an A . C . R . L . Audio-Visual Committee in compliance with the recommendation of the A . L . A . Audio- Visual Board. T h e following was suggested by Raynard C. Swank, chairman of the board: " T h e general purpose of the committee might be defined as the promotion of audio- visual services in college, university and pos- sibly research libraries. A few of the func- tions which such a committee might perform over a considerable period of time are: "1. Compile and publish information, both descriptive and statistical, on audio-visual services in college, university and research li- braries. Very little information is now avail- able on the nature and extent of the services now being offered to instruction and research, although quite a bit has become available from the A . L . A . Film Office and other sources about public library film services. A survey of audio-visual activities in college and university libraries might well be the first project as- signed to the new committee. "2. Offer guidance to librarians operating or wanting to organize audio-visual services. "3. In cooperation with the A . L . A . Audio- Visual Board, accept responsibility for recom- mending policy on crucial problems relating to the development of audio-visual services on the college campus. For the last several years the A . L . A . Audio-Visual Board has been con- cerned continually with policy statements of one kind or another (e.g., sponsored films and union projectionists). T h e method of financ- ing an audio-visual center is an example of a campus problem. "4. Stimulate discussion and investigation of audio-visual services through conference programs, articles in professional journals, re- search studies, etc. . . . "5. Evaluate audio-visual resources of in- struction and research, advise producers on needs and publish lists of recommended ma- terials. T h e A . L . A . Audio-Visual Board has now published several lists, including the first-purchase list of films for public libraries. "6. Explore the possibilities of library co- JULY, 1951 277 operation in the acquisition, production and use of audio-visual materials. Much progress in this direction has already been made in the public library field, and a small college library would benefit as much from this kind of effort as the small public library. "7. T e s t and recommend audio-visual equipment for use in academic libraries, class- rooms, etc." T h e board approved a small travel allow- ance for the treasurer in partial recognition of personal sacrifices, and authorized funds for the expenses of the guest speaker at the A . C . R . L . General Session in July. It like- wise voted a reduction in price of College and Research Libraries to one dollar per issue for bulk back orders (minimum of five issues). * * * A closer tie between publishers and librar- ians would seem mutually advantageous. Pub- lishing interests stand to gain a great deal from the success of college libraries in intro- ducing students to "a life with books." I personally believe that the promotion or advertising departments of the large compa- nies would be smart to prepare exhibition ma- terial, designed for college libraries, built around selected new books of scholarly in- terest. The sale of a new biography of Rob- ert E. Lee, for example, would undoubtedly be furthered by exhibitions on Lee or on some aspect of the Civil W a r in a number of college libraries. Materials carefully prepared by the publishers, tastefully printed and wide enough in range to allow for considerable selectivity, need not bear any direct tie to the book in question and could easily avoid any taint of commercialism. With considerable free ma- terial from which to choose, librarians could select those topics which seemed most worthy to promote and in which their book collections were strongest. T h e net result ought to be better exhibitions and therefore more worth- while reading for the library, and increased interest in the subject and therefore sales for the publishers. T h e same principle holds true for movie productions. Another field for development lies in the annual competitions, which take place on most small campuses, in building up personal libraries by the students. These competitions seem to get wide local publicity. Publishers might build up considerable good will where it counts by offering prizes of, say, 25 to 75 dollars' worth of books to winners on selected campuses. T h e above are only two of many other pos- sibilities for fruitful work. It is hoped that these will all be explored by the A . L . A . Com- mittee on Relations with Publishers. Mean- while college librarians may wish to make direct suggestions to representatives of pub- lishing houses with whom they have other business. Several weeks ago I attended the annual conference of the New Hampshire Library Association at Nashua. A few days later I went to Lewiston to be present at the semi- annual meeting of State of Maine college li- brarians. Both were relatively informal, pleasant and worthwhile, I am sure, for all concerned. T h e Maine group limits its attendance to two members from each staff but includes re- search libraries and therefore the larger pub- lic institutions. A great deal of worthwhile exchange of experience was accomplished in four or five hours, broken by lunch. Various commitments for cooperative effort were made informally. A few months ago 20 or more reference librarians in the Chicago area gathered here at A . L . A . Headquarters for similar discussion of local problems. Many similar local or re- gional groups exist throughout the country. They are blessed by informality, lack of or- ganizational problems and community of in- terest. I wish that notes of agenda and ac- complishments could be sent h e r e . — A r t h u r T. Hamlin, Executive Secretary. 278 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Brief of Minutes, Association of Research Libraries, Feb. i, 1951, Chicago THE 36TH meeting of the Association of Research Libraries was held at the Edge- water Beach Hotel in Chicago on Thursday evening, February 1, 1951, beginning at six P.M. Upon recommendation of the executive sec- retary and the Advisory Committee it was voted that the next meeting should be held on July 6 and 7 immediately preceding the 75th anniversary conference of A . L . A . Benjamin E. Powell was elected a new member of the Advisory Committee to succeed the retiring member, E. W . McDiarmid. Farmington Plan With the decrease in the number of volumes being shipped to the New Y o r k Public Library for classification and reshipment to receiving libraries, Paul North Rice recommended that the New Y o r k office of the Farmington Plan be transferred to Harvard where he felt that the business could be more logically handled under the direct supervision of M r . Metcalf, chairman of the Farmington Plan Committee. He further recommended that the Carnegie Corporation of New York be requested to authorize the transfer of the unexpended bal- ance of the Carnegie grant for the inaugura- tion of the Farmington Plan from the New Y o r k Public Library to Harvard. Upon mo- tion both recommendations were approved. M r . Metcalf then made an informal report which was interrupted from time to time by discussion. He observed that Union Theologi- cal Seminary, which has been receiving all theological material, except Catholic theology, had asked to drop out of the Plan as of Jan. 1, 1951, because it had been receiving too much material in which it was not interested. He has accordingly notified the Farmington Plan agents to stop sending certain classes of theological material deemed to be of little in- terest and to send all the rest of Union Theo- logical's assignment to Harvard until such time as some other arrangement can be made. He said that the Catholic University of Amer- ica has agreed to take some of this material. M r . Metcalf also reported that Colonel Rogers, on the basis of the Army Medical Li- brary's unsatisfactory experience with blanket ordering under the Farmington Plan, had asked permission (while still accepting full responsibility for the coverage of his field as previously arranged) to be omitted from the Plan so far as blanket ordering is concerned and to do his own ordering, though he was still willing to buy from Farmington Plan agents. On M r . Metcalf's recommendation this request was agreed to. M r . Metcalf said that the principal Farm- ington problem in our experience so far has without doubt been that of coverage. While there had been some complaints concerning the poor quality of some Farmington materials received, much greater complaints had arisen because of inadequate coverage. Until fur- ther studies had been made he felt that it would not be possible to arrive at a correct view, and indeed he feared that it would never be possible for us all to agree as to just what would constitute adequate coverage. He said Reuben Peiss of the University of California Library School had undertaken a thorough- going study of Farmington Plan coverage for Switzerland during the year 1949. M r . Peiss had arranged to have five qualified checkers check the list of Swiss publications for that year in order to determine as definitely as pos- sible just what should have been sent. These publications would then be checked at the na- tional Union Catalog to determine whether they had actually reached this country and been recorded. M r . Metcalf felt that when this study had been completed we would have really dependable information as to coverage for Switzerland during the year in question. W e should probably also have guidance as to the need for additional studies. M r . Metcalf stated that of all countries in- cluded in the Plan, France constituted the JULY, 1951 279 most serious problem since receipts handled through the Bibliotheque Nationale are slow in arriving and coverage is uncertain. He had been unable to find any dealer in Paris who could do better. While dealers could in- deed be found who would supply satisfactorily the output of the major French publishers, they could not be depended on to handle suc- cessfully the French provincial publications. He noted that the Bibliotheque Nationale will hereafter undertake to classify Farmington materials and ship them directly to the par- ticipating libraries. He urged that receipts from France be watched carefully; and if any library should find it necessary to write to the Bibliotheque Nationale about its receipts, he asked that a carbon copy of the letter be sent to him. M r . Metcalf commented on the problem of periodicals and serials which had been omitted from the Plan, except for the first number of new titles. He said that a large number of periodicals had thus been received which no library had been willing to accept, although in his opinion a good part of these new titles should be received and recorded somewhere in the country. T h e whole problem of periodi- cals and serials, he said, had been receiving his attention. He now has in hand lists of them published currently in Switzerland, Hol- land and Sweden. He hopes to have these checked for coverage in this country and to report his findings at a future meeting of the association. M r . Clapp inquired whether anyone had proposed to have the Army Medical Library plan of direct ordering under Farmington Plan responsibility extended to other libraries, as, for example, the U . S . D . A . Library. M r . Metcalf replied that such an extension had not been asked for or considered but that, if any library were inclusive in its acquisitions policy, he could see no objection. M r . Clapp re- marked that while he approved the Army Medical Library plan in principle he thought there ought to be policing by the Farmington Plan Committee. M r . Henkle asked what was involved in the changed arrangement, if, as stated, Army Medical Library would go on using Farmington Plan agents. M r . M e t - calf answered that Army Medical plans to check trade lists and order promptly from agents instead of waiting to see whether a book would be sent automatically. He sug- gested (though he did not recommend) that it might be a good idea to have a group in this country check trade lists and order directly for all Farmington Plan libraries: this group would then be responsible for selection and would lift that burden off the Farmington Plan agents. M r . Clapp spoke of the satis- factory experience of the Library of Congress with this type of ordering. He said that they had one person who regularly checks the trade lists of 17 countries and recommends or- ders. Her work is checked from time to time by subject specialists who rarely find anything to complain of. M r . Clapp felt that such a system of ordering under the Farmington Plan would have the following advantages: selec- tion would be made in this country and could be supervised; we would always know what had been ordered; the Farmington agent would be required to obtain and send the material ordered whether he would be receiv- ing it in the normal course of his business or not. M r . Clapp suggested that under such a procedure important discounts might be ob- tained from the agents which might almost, or quite, pay for the cost of such an operation. Paul North Rice said that he would like to see such a procedure tried, perhaps at first in one country only; but he noted that under the existing system our agents abroad actually see the books which they classify and send us, whereas under the proposed plan books would have to be selected and classified from bibliog- raphies or else sent to this country to be classified. He wondered whether this might not lead to more criticism than we have now. M r . Clapp acknowledged that there would be difficulties in such a procedure and that some errors of classification might be made, but he felt that they would not be costly errors and could be corrected, and he insisted that com- plete coverage (which he thought the proposed plan would more nearly achieve) was more important than unerring classification. M r . Metcalf said that the Farmington Committee would keep M r . Clapp's proposal in mind. He said he was much impressed with the way our agents were doing their work for us in Scandinavia, Holland and Italy. He wondered whether M r . Clapp's plan might not well be tried in France. Others appeared to favor this suggestion. O n motion by M r . Clapp it was then voted that the Farmington Plan Committee be requested to experiment 280 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES with alternative methods of securing material, including the proposal to check lists in this country and send specific orders to Farmington Plan agents. M r . Metcalf proposed the immediate ex- tension of the Farmington Plan to Germany. T h i s led to a lively discussion in which it appeared that some members felt that it might be wiser to delay further expansion un- til there had been an opportunity to receive and examine the above-mentioned study by M r . Peiss; but in the end the more confident view prevailed, and on motions by M r . Metcalf the following countries were brought in as of Jan. i, 1951, with the agents as indicated: Australia: D r . Harold L. White Commonwealth National Librarian Canberra, Australia Austria: Georg Prachner, Buchhandlung Karntnerstrasse 30 Vienna 1, Austria Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Beethovenstrasse 6a Wiesbaden, Germany Portugal: Livraria Portugalia Rua do Carmo, 75 Lisbon, Portugal Spain: Insula, Libreria de Ciencias y Letras Carmen, 9 y Preciados, 8 Madrid, Spain W i t h respect to Australia it is to be ex- plained that D r . White has undertaken to acquire and send Australian publications not for cash payments but in exchange for Ameri- can publications (notably files of periodicals and serials) which he desires to acquire for his American collection in the Commonwealth National Library. W i t h respect to Germany it is to be explained that complete coverage is expected to be achieved in the Western Zone only, our agent, through his Leipzig office, being requested to send from the Eastern Zone such materials as he is able to secure. M r . Metcalf was unwilling to recommend extension of the Plan to Brazil, since there appeared to be no agent there who could be relied upon to give us adequate coverage. It was also his opinion that South A f r i c a and N e w Zealand should not for the present be included; nor did he think it necessary to ex- tend the Plan to Canada as a whole (since our coverage is already good) ; he did, how- ever, feel that the problem of French Can- ada should be brought up for later considera- tion. M r . Henkle, remarking that the Farming- ton Plan was set up to insure importation and central recording of just one copy of a book, said that the John Crerar Library, though not assigned the field of chemistry, would like in addition to its assignment to obtain complete coverage of that field. M r . Metcalf replied that this would be an entirely practicable and proper procedure: all that would be neces- sary would be for Crerar to place an order for complete coverage in chemistry with all Farmington Plan agents. Such a procedure, he observed, had been contemplated almost from the beginning of our Farmington dis- cussions. M r . Miller requested that the chairman of the Farmington Plan Committee be prepared to give a breakdown of expenditures at the next meeting. M r . Metcalf raised again the old question of classification and assignment. He ex- pressed the view that our classification is now too finely divided, and more particularly that very real difficulties are presented to some Farmington Plan libraries where there are no catalogers equipped to handle some of the less common foreign languages. He queried whether it would not be better to have the "minor-language" countries (regardless of subject) divided among a half-dozen libraries rather than 50, and whether we should not seriously consider a greater concentration of Farmington Plan materials, regardless of lan- guage, in a more limited number of libraries. He felt that these were questions which should receive careful consideration at a later meeting. M r . Coney expressed the view that this reconsideration should come soon; and on his motion it was voted that the Farming- ton Plan Committee be instructed to present at the coming summer meeting a revised classification, with simplification and con- solidation of subjects for assignment to li- braries. M r . Metcalf urged that suggestions and counsel with respect to this difficult problem be sent him in writing within the next few weeks. JULY, 1951 281 M r . Nyholm observed that the assignment of Farmington Plan responsibilities to li- braries partly by country (and language) and partly by subject seemed to him dangerous. The decisive fact, it appeared to him, was not whether a library had catalogers com- petent to handle a particular language but whether it had readers competent to use the materials acquired. Protection of Library Materials in the Event of JVar Milton Lord reported briefly on a plan of the American Association of Museums to ap- proach the federal government with a request that regional shelters be provided in suitable locations in various parts of the country which could be used by the institutions of the areas in which they were located. He said that he had been asked to find out whether the national library organizations would be in- terested in supporting the Association of Museums in making such an appeal to the federal government. He indicated that he was in touch with both A . L . A . and A . C . R . L . with respect to this matter, and he spoke par- ticularly of the interest of M r . Hamlin, ex- ecutive secretary of A . C . R . L . M r . Clapp suggested that the appropriate action would be for A . R . L . to reinforce the positions of A . L . A . and A . C . R . L . He then moved and it was voted that the executive secretary be directed to keep in touch with both A . L . A . and A . C . R . L . with respect to this matter and that he be empowered to appoint a committee to deal with it if that should be deemed necessary. M r . White commented on the unwisdom of throwing up temporary structures in time of war or crisis and urged that an effort be made to treat the situation in which we find our- selves as an opportunity for constructive long- range planning. The Use of Manuscripts by Visiting Scholars James T . Babb, chairman of the committee on this subject, presented the report which had been circulated to members in advance of the meeting. He explained that his committee was not unanimous, one member objecting that the report, in spite of a number of altera- tions since it was first drafted, was still not sufficiently liberal. He added that it was his committee's view that if and when the report was finally approved by the association it ought to be published. M r . Clapp remarked that at the Library of Congress the report was generally regarded as excellent but that he himself had ques- tioned the use of the word "qualified" as applied to the user of a manuscript and that he felt that the question of copyright had not been sufficiently taken into consideration. On M r . Clapp's motion it was then voted that the report be approved as a provisional state- ment but that final approval be deferred for further consideration by the committee and by the next meeting of the association. Library Privileges and Fees M r . Metcalf, chairman of the committee on this subject, said that though he had been in correspondence with the members of his committee he was not yet ready to submit a report. He reviewed the reasons which had led to the raising of the question, viz., the pressure on the larger libraries by people with no institutional connection, the possible rela- tionship of the question with the Farmington Plan and other cooperative projects, and es- pecially its possible relation with the problem of regional libraries. He said that the matter had been considered at some length by the Library Committee at Harvard, and he sub- mitted as a basis for reflection and discussion a kind of trial balloon document proposing substantial fees "for the use of a university library by outsiders," viz., $10 or $15 for an annual library-privilege card permitting use of books within the building and also the bor- rowing of 50 books for outside use; $10 a month, or $35 a term or $70 a year for the use of the bookstack, in addition to the library- privilege card (though with free use possible at the discretion of the librarian for as long as one week as often as twice a.year) ; and, finally, a fee of one dollar per volume for interlibrary loans. He made it clear that while the use of the Harvard Library by visiting scholars, as well as interlibrary loans from Harvard, had been felt in some quarters to be a perhaps unjustifiable burden, Harvard would be most reluctant to inaugurate a fee system unless the matter had been fully dis- cussed and approved by the association. He invited comments by all A . R . L . members. 282 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Committee on Bibliography (Formerly Com- mittee on Indexing and Abstracting) M r . Shaw, chairman, presented the report of this committee which had been previously distributed to the members of the association. He noted its earlier history when it had led in a struggle with the H. W . Wilson Company on the subject of the so-called service basis of pricing. He said that he proposed to change the point of emphasis and devote principal at- tention hereafter to reporting any unusual de- velopments in the field of bibliography. He indicated that action would be proposed only if some issue should arise which seemed to call for a positive stand by such a body as A . R . L . Upon motion it was voted that the functions of the committee be changed in accordance with its own recommendation. Committee on Serials in Research Fields M r . Downs presented a brief report on behalf of the chairman of this committee, C. H. Brown. T h e report commented on the somewhat chaotic price situation which has arisen from inflation, currency devaluations, etc., and which makes it extremely difficult for budgets to be met and the flow of peri- odicals over the scholarly world to be main- tained. It pointed out that the cost of periodicals in the U. S. had not risen in proportion to the general rise of prices in this country since 1940, but noted also that library budgets for this class of material had not increased in accordance with the general advance in the price level. Finally it noted the added burden that has arisen from the fact that binding costs for many libraries have practically doubled. M r . Downs then emphasized the points of M r . Brown's report by referring to a study of between five and six thousand subscriptions at the University of Illinois Library which during the years 1949 and 1950 showed an increase of approximately 40 per cent in sub- scription rates. He also noted that since 1946 the University of Illinois annual appropriation for binding had increased from $26,000 to $50,000 and said that a further increase was in prospect with the new biennial binding con- tract this coming July 1. Publication and Distribution of Theses M r . Ellsworth presented a communication from himself and M r . Coney on this subject which had recently been sent to most members of the association. He reviewed the history of the development of their proposal which he said had grown out of pressure from the graduate school of the University of Iowa. He expressed the view that a point had now been reached at which pretty general agree- ment might be hoped for on what he believed to be a constructive plan. He therefore re- quested that this subject now be made an A.R.L. matter and be placed in the hands of a committee for further study. He1 hoped that definite recommendations might be brought before the association at its next meeting. Upon motion it was voted that M r . Ellsworth's request be granted. T h e executive secretary acted immediately and appointed the following committee: Ralph E. Ellsworth, Donald Coney, Robert Miller. Postal Rates M r . David reviewed his recent negotiations with the postal authorities, as a result of which the University of Pennsylvania Li- brary had had its library book rate privilege restored in interlibrary loans. He noted that the decisive point had been not that the uni- versity was an organization "not organized for profit" but that it pursued such liberal policies as to make it almost the equivalent of a public library. He expressed the view that other libraries which were not state or public in the full sense of the terms should be able to enjoy the same privileges, provided they were pursuing policies as liberal as those which he had outlined in his communication to the postal authorities. M r . Clapp then referred to a report which he had recently had sent to members con- cerning a threatened sweeping increase in parcel post book rates. He said that the Book Publishers Council was working with A . L . A . and others on this matter. He moved and it was voted that the executive secretary be directed to keep in touch with the executive secretary of A . L . A . in order to give whatever cooperation might be desired. JULY, 1951 283 Mobilization of Resources of Research in Libraries in Time of Crisis T h e executive secretary noted that the Li- brarian of Congress had recently written him concerning a number of problems which might well claim the early attention of this associa- tion. Of these he had selected the more im- portant and asked to have preliminary reports from the Library of Congress upon them sent to members. Of the problems thus singled out the most important was without doubt that of the mobilization of our library resources to meet national needs in this time of crisis. With respect to this, the Library of Congress had urged the early appointment of a commit- tee of the association with broad powers to act in making studies and in representing the research libraries in negotiations with founda- tions and with federal officials and agencies; it had also indicated a willingness to con- tribute to the fullest extent possible (toward a secretariat and toward other expenses of the committee) in order to enable it to meet with necessary frequency and to dig deeply and realistically into the problems before it. In discussing the proposal M r . Clapp sug- gested the importance of examining the experi- ence gained during the last war and of main- taining understanding contacts with S.L.A., A . C . R . L . and A . L . A . He then moved, and it was voted that a committee be appointed to study the whole subject of the mobilization of our resources and to propose action. T h e appointment of the committee was left to the judgment of the executive secretary in confer- ence with the Advisory Committee. Cooperative Acquisition of Nontrade Publica- tions On this subject also the Library of Con- gress had distributed a memorandum to the members. However, noting that time was lacking for the consideration of so complex a matter, and also noting its logical relationship with the Farmington Plan, M r . Clapp moved that it be placed on the agenda for the next meeting. T h e motion was carried. Cooperative Action in the Filming of Unique Research Materials Abroad This was another subject on which the Li- brary of Congress had distributed a brief re- port. M r . Clapp remarked that a suggestion had recently been made that the large libraries make annual contributions to the support of a cooperative project of filming abroad, or al- ternatively that they agree among themselves to undertake to film the files of certain im- portant periodicals. M r . Evans, though the principal advocate of an important microfilming operation abroad, recognized that some further delay was necessary. It was accordingly voted on his motion that this subject be placed on the agenda for the summer meeting, at which time the Library of Congress would be prepared to lay before the association a more detailed proposal. Recent Serial Developments at the Library of Congress T h e Library of Congress reported that in spite of the progress which had been made during the past decade in the way of simpli- fication and consolidation, the problem of serial records, due especially to the enormous increase in the volume of business, still re- mained in the uppermost category. T h e con- templated Union Catalog of Serials on Punched Cards cannot be systematically begun until the editing of the Serial Record has been got under way, and this in turn has proved impossible to achieve. As an approach to a solution of the problem the Library of Con- gress has begun, as of Jan. I, 1951 to issue monthly Serial Titles Newly Received, using in its preparation the procedures developed for a union catalog of serials on punched cards. Copies of the new publication were on exhibition. It was explained that its con- tinuation and also its subscription price would depend upon the number of subscriptions re- ceived. It was suggested that if the new pub- lication were sufficiently well received and supported there was the hope that it could be expanded to include reports of new titles from other libraries. Representation of A.R.L. on the American Standards Association Committee Z-39 T h e executive secretary announced the ap- pointment of Herman Fussier to represent the association on this committee. T h e meeting adjourned at 10:15 P.M.— Charles W. David, Executive Secretary. 284 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES News from the Field City College of N e w Acquisitions, Gifts, Y o r k acquired the Collections Russell Sage Collec- tion in July 1949. T h i s collection, comprising the m a j o r part of the L i b r a r y of the Russell Sage Foundation, con- tains approximately 35,000 bound volumes and 100,000 unbound items. It represents an out- standing collection of materials on social wel- fare and allied fields. Professor Jerome K . W i l c o x , librarian of city college, has an- nounced that the collection is available for reference use by students and the general pub- lic. Columbia University recently donated 600 volumes from its duplicate collection to H a r p u r College, a unit of the new State U n i - versity in Endicott, N . Y . T h e g i f t served to commemorate Robert Harpur, w h o in 1783 was appointed librarian of Kings College ( C o - lumbia's name in Colonial days). T h e g i f t from the Columbia libraries to H a r p u r College includes duplicate copies of standard reference w o r k s and other volumes needed by the newly-created unit of the State University of N e w Y o r k . Early in the year the Library of Congress received 12 albums of recordings, by 54 of the world's great musical artists, as a g i f t from R C A Victor. T h e records reproduce 120 se- lections ranging in date of origin from 1904 to 1937. Artists represented in the albums include Enrico Caruso, John M c C o r m a c k , Ernestine Schumann-Heink, Sergei Rach- maninoff, Mischa Elman, F r i t z Kreisler, Rosa Ponselle and M a r i a Jeritza. W i l l i a m s College, earlier in the year, re- ceived an unusual collection of Daniel Press books in accordance with the will of the late C a r r o l l A . W i l s o n ( W i l l i a m s '07). T h e founder of the press, D r . Charles Henry O l i v e Daniel, w a s in turn tutor, bursar, dean, vice-provost, and, from 1903 to 1919, provost of W o r c e s t e r College, O x f o r d . M r . W i l s o n spent several years at W o r c e s t e r after his graduation from W i l l i a m s . H e developed an interest in the w o r k of the Daniel Press and began assembling its imprints. T h e Daniel Press, primarily a family affair de- voted to printing the w o r k s of D r . Daniel's friends, became famous for the quality of its w o r k . M a n y poems by Robert Bridges were printed by D r . Daniel for the first time. T h e s e and first editions of poems by Laurence Binyon, Henry Patmore, F . W . Bourdillon and others were to be printed by D r . Daniel. Editions never exceeded 200 copies and conse- quently many of the items are exceedingly rare. T h e Chapin L i b r a r y at W i l l i a m s now owns practically every item printed by D r . Daniel, including three of the earliest and very rare items printed at home before he be- came a scholar at W o r c e s t e r College. In February, Y a l e Divinity School received a g i f t of more than 5000 carefully selected volumes on the philosophy of religion and philosophy. T h e s e volumes formerly composed the library of the late Reverend D o u g l a s Clyde Macintosh, w h o was a member of the Y a l e faculty for over 30 years. Reverend Macintosh spent his academic life applying the methods of science to the study of religion. T h e collection is centered around the philoso- phy of religion, philosophical theology and Christian theism of the nineteenth and twenti- eth centuries, as w e l l as the literature of sec- tarian and ethical culture groups of the twentieth century. P a r t of the famous H a r m s w o r t h Collection has been acquired for the University of C a l i - fornia's W i l l i a m A n d r e w s C l a r k Library. Some 1500 volumes in the field of seventeenth century Protestant theology w e r e purchased by D r . L a w r e n c e C . Powell, U . C . L . A . li- brarian, now in London on a Guggenheim fel- lowship. D r . Powell, w h o has purchased a total of 5000 books for the C l a r k Library since last September, wrote from London that "this is a m a j o r purchase." T h e books are part of a large library acquired during a lifetime of collecting by the late Sir Leicester Harms- worth of London. Since his death in 1930, parts of his huge library have been purchased by libraries all over the world. D r . P o w e l l discovered the 1500-volume block of H a r m s - worth theological books in a N e w b u r y shop that overlooked the old wool market. T h e y consist chiefly of rare volumes published in England and Scotland from 1640 to 1700. "Such books are rapidly disappearing from the market and we are fortunate to have ac- JULY, 1951 285 quired so many," D r . P o w e l l wrote. " N o true picture of intellectual life in seventeenth century England can be drawn without them." A g i f t of six first editions of sea stories by James B. Connolly has been given to the H a r v a r d College Library by James A . Healy of N e w Y o r k C i t y . A valuable collection of H e b r e w history and literature, consisting of nearly 3000 manuscripts and books from the library of the Amsterdam collector, Felix Friedmann, have been purchased for the H a r v a r d L i b r a r y by a group of alumni interested in H e b r e w studies. T h e collection includes an early manuscript of a treatise by Maimonides and books printed in the early days of printing (before 1500), as well as selected volumes of history and litera- ture from the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. T h e Friedmann collection includes several items not previously available to scholars in the United States, and represents an impor- tant addition to the extensive collection of H e - brew w o r k s which has been assembled at H a r v a r d during 300 years. T h e Folger Library, according to its di- rector, D r . Louis B. W r i g h t , plans a series of constantly changing exhibits to illustrate sig- nificant intellectual and social movements. " T h e public does not generally realize," he declared, "that the Folger L i b r a r y has one of the most important collections in America for the study of western civilization." Lec- tures which will illuminate the history of western culture will be provided from time to time in the Folger lecture hall. W i t h i n the last two months more than 2000 rare books, pamphlets and tracts illustrative of so- cial history have been added to the Folger's collections. T e m p l e University Conferences, Curricula, has announced that Scholarships the T e m p l e Univer- sity Ninth Annual Reading Institute will be held in Philadelphia from Jan. 28 to Feb. I, 1952. T h e theme for the institute program has been announced as "Prevention and Correction of Reading Diffi- culties." T h o s e interested in securing advance information should w r i t e to D r . Emmett A . Betts, T h e Reading Clinic, T e m p l e U n i v e r - sity, Philadelphia 22, Pa. T h e University of Southern C a l i f o r n i a has announced four University L i b r a r y Service Scholarships for the academic year, 1951-52. Each scholarship covers full tuition for the professional program in library science. A p - plication blanks and further information may be secured from the assistant director, School of Library Science, University of Southern California, L o s Angeles 7. T h e L i b r a r y of C o n - Publications gress has published the fifth title in a series of surveys on intellectual life in G e r m a n y . T h e s e surveys w e r e made possible by a grant from the Oberlaender T r u s t , Philadelphia. Political Parties in Western Germany exam- ines the origins and development of political parties in W e s t e r n Germany and describes the attitudes these parties have taken to current world issues. Libraries and research organ- izations may acquire a copy by w r i t i n g the European A f f a i r s Division, Library of C o n - gress, Washington 25, D . C . T h e Library of Congress has issued a pamphlet titled The Rare Books Division, A Guide to Its Collections and Services. T h e pamphlet, prepared as a guide to those in- terested in using the rare book room, traces the history of the collection from modest be- ginning to present greatness. T h e pamphlet may be purchased from the Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D . C . for 60 a n d a variety of experience in the University of Oregon L i b r a r y , the Seattle Public Library and the Enoch P r a t t Free Library. A l o n g with his library w o r k he has also taught college courses in the history of the English language and in Scandinavian literature. He is a graduate of the University of O r e - gon ( 1 9 3 5 ) and received a master's degree from the same institution ( 1 9 3 8 ) . H e re- ceived his professional library training at the University of C a l i f o r n i a ( 1 9 4 2 ) . A m o n g his other affiliations are membership in Phi Beta Kappa, the Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian study and the Library Associa- tion ( L o n d o n ) ; he is an active member of the C a l i f o r n i a Library Association. M r . Caverhill is an author of a paper on the "Survey of the Periodical Publications of College and University L i b r a r i e s . " — N e a l Harlow. RUTH H . HOOKER, librarian of the N a v a l , Research Laboratory of the Office of N a v a l Research, has been appointed to the newly created position of coordinator of the naval libraries. M r s . Hooker will have the additional duty of N a v y Department librar- ian, succeeding M r s . Constance D . Lathrop, w h o retired last October. M i l d r e d Benton, chief, division of field libraries service of the Department of Agriculture, will succeed M r s . Hooker as librarian at N . R . L . M r s . Hooker organized the library at the N a v a l Research Laboratory. It has been widely praised as an outstanding scientific research library in the Washington area. Its collections include over 30,000 volumes, more than 600 periodicals and nearly 100,000 docu- ments. M r s . H o o k e r is a graduate of George Washington University, where she also re- ceived her training in library science. In Ruth H. Hooker addition, she attended Kansas University and the University of Southern C a l i f o r n i a . In addition to being one of the organizing members of the Washington Chapter of the Special Libraries Association, she has held various positions in the national organization, having been president of the association dur- ing 1949-50. M r s . Hooker also holds mem- berships in the American Library Association, the District of Columbia Library Association and various scientific and technical societies. WI L L I A M B E R N A R D R E A D Y has been ap-pointed to the post of chief acquisition librarian, Stanford University Libraries, ef- fective on July 1. H e will direct the w o r k of the Acquisition Division which w a s estab- J U L Y , 1951 291 lished in September 1950, and includes Order, Serial, Binding, and G i f t and Exchange Sec- tions. M r . Ready attended St. Illtyd's College and the University of W a l e s and holds the di- ploma in education of O x f o r d University and a master of arts degree from the University of Manitoba. A f t e r combat service with the British army in the Middle East he was at- tached to the library of the British Army University at Perugia. He has since served as instructor of French at the College of St. John, Winnipeg, and instructor in creative writing at the College of St. Thomas, St. Paul. M r . Ready is also an author of note, especially in the short story field. Appointments M r s . Corinne Ackley has been appointed serials librarian of the University of W a s h - ington Library, Seattle.' M r s . M a r r i L . Albright has been appointed senior cataloger of the Sullivan Memorial Library, Temple University, Philadelphia. M r s . Ella T . S. Anderson, formerly as- sistant librarian of Rosemont College, Rose- mont, Pa., has been appointed assistant pro- fessor of library science at Drexel Institute School of Library Science, Philadelphia. M r s . Jean A . Bien, formerly assistant reference librarian of the Montana State University Library, has been appointed as- sistant catalog librarian of the University of Denver Libraries. Carolyn Bliss is now supervisor of techni- cal processes at the Sullivan Memorial Li- brary, Temple University, Philadelphia. Gladys Boughton is serving as acting di- rector of the University of Washington's School of Librarianship during the tempo- rary absence of Robert Gitler as director of the School of Library Service of Keio Uni- versity, T o k y o . John P. Caughlin, formerly on the staff of Allegheny College Library in Meadville, Pa., has been appointed head of the Circula- tion Department of the Iowa State College Library in Ames. Ellen Crowley, formerly cataloger and reference librarian at the Wyoming State Library in Cheyenne, became law librarian of the University of Nebraska on Feb. 1, 1951. Lavern W . Cutler has been appointed di- rector of the Graduate School of Business Library of Stanford University. M a r y Louise d'Auchamp has been ap- pointed librarian of the U . S. Information Library in Copenhagen, Denmark. Lilli K. Daly has been appointed assistant professor of library science at the T e x a s State University for Negroes in Houston. Betty Jane Delius has been appointed li- brarian of Bellarmine College, Louisville, K y . Sister M . Eone, head librarian of the Col- lege of St. Theresa, Winona, Minn., is di- recting a program offered for the first time at the college leading to a minor in library science. W a l f r e d Erickson is now research assistant, University of Illinois Library School. Frederick P. Ford, associate librarian at Parsons College, Fairfield, Iowa, has a sab- batical leave for the second semester of the academic year 1950-51. He will study the integration of the library and the curriculum in a selected group of midwestern college li- braries. Harriet L . Granade has been appointed order librarian of the University of Cincin- nati Library. M r s . Betty N . Harrison has been appointed cataloger at the Virginia Polytechnic Insti- tute Library. Ruth Elizabeth Hausle has been appointed serials librarian of Canisius College, Buffalo, N . Y . Robert E. Kingery, formerly personnel of- ficer of the N e w Y o r k Public Library, was appointed chief of the Preparations Division on Jan. 1, 1951. John C . Kuhn has been appointed head cataloger of Seton Hall College Library, South Orange, N . J. Harry E. Kuntz is assistant reference li- brarian, Purdue University Libraries. Reverend Jovian P. Lang has been ap- pointed librarian of Quincy College, Quincy, 111. M a r t h a Jane Livesay was appointed gifts and exchanges librarian of the University of Kentucky on Jan. I, 1951. 292 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES W a r r e n A . Lussky is librarian, Rocky M o u n t a i n College, Billings, M o n t . John G . W . M c C o r d has been appointed assistant chief of the O r d e r Division, T e c h - nical Services, Southern Illinois University Libraries. D r . Robert E. M o o d y , a member of the History Department of Boston University, has been appointed director of the university libraries. Donald Nelson is librarian, Eastern O r e - gon College of Education, L a Grande. M a u r i c e Nelson is assistant reference li- brarian, Purdue University Libraries. M e l v i n A . N e w m a n , formerly classifier at the I o w a State College Library, has been appointed head of the Circulation D e p a r t - ment of the University of Denver Libraries. Jean Oberlander has been appointed li- brarian of the University of M a r y l a n d ' s C o l - lege of Pharmacy in Baltimore. Joseph T . Popecki has been appointed as- sistant to the director of libraries, Catholic University of America. Alice M . Ridenour, formerly on the staff of the University of Idaho Library, has been appointed cataloger at M o n t a n a State C o l - lege, Bozeman. Louis A . Schulteis has been appointed art and architecture librarian of the University of Denver. Rollo G . Silver, formerly on the staff of the Peabody Institute, Baltimore, M d . , has been appointed assistant professor of library science at Simmons College, Boston, M a s s . Sherman H . Spencer became head of cir- culation, College of the Pacific Library, Stockton, Calif., at the beginning of the aca- demic year 1950-51. Reverend David Francis Sweeney, O . F . M . , is now reference librarian of the M u l l e n L i - brary, Catholic University of America. Alphonse T r e z z a has been appointed head of the Circulation Department of the U n i - versity of Pennsylvania Library. M a r i e V e r a Y o u n g has been appointed forestry librarian at Colorado A . & M . C o l - lege, F o r t Collins, C o l o . Foreign Libraries According to the Boletlm Radiotelegrafico do Ministerio das Relacoes Exteriores, N o . 1480, M a r c h 1, 1951, the President of B r a z i l has just signed a decree naming Eugenio Gomes director of Biblioteca Nacional in Rio de Janeiro. K a r l Schwarber, director of the University of Basel Library, died on June 26, 1950. Retirement G . W i l l i a m Bergquist, special investigator 31, 1950, a f t e r nearly three decades of serv- of the N e w Y o r k Public Library and chief ice. H e won international fame for his re- of its Preparations Division, retired on Dec. lentless pursuit of biblioklepts. Necrology Claribel R. Barnett, U . S. Department of Agriculture librarian from 1907 until her re- tirement in 1940, died on M a r c h 6 a f t e r an illness of several years. Bertha M . Schneider, w h o was catalog li- brarian at Ohio State University Library for 38 years, died on Dec. 25, 1950. M i s s Schneider was an active member of A . C . R . L . and of other library and professional groups. t JULY, 1951 293