College and Research Libraries B y D O N A L D E . S T R O U T The University Library and International Understanding1 Dr. Strout is director, University of Den- ver Library. IMPLICIT i n any d i s c u s s i o n of i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g r e v o l v i n g , a s i t d o e s , a r o u n d t h e b a s i c c o n c e p t s of i n t e r c h a n g e of i d e a s , o p i n i o n s a n d i n f o r m a t i o n , is t h e r o l e of t h e l i b r a r y t h r o u g h i t s m a n i f o l d p r o - g r a m s of i n d i v i d u a l a n d g r o u p s e r v i c e b y m e a n s of b o o k s a n d r e l a t e d m a t e r i a l s . S u c h a c o n f e r e n c e a s t h e o n e h e l d a t E s t e s P a r k , C o l o . , i n J u n e 1 9 4 9 , s e r v e s t o b r i n g i n t o s h a r p f o c u s c e r t a i n f a c t s a n d o p i n i o n s i n - d i c a t i v e of t h e i m p o r t a n c e of t h i s r o l e , p a r t i c u l a r l y a s r e g a r d s c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r - s i t y l i b r a r i e s . A s a g e n e r a l i z a t i o n it s h o u l d b e o b s e r v e d a t t h e o u t s e t t h a t b y t h e i r c o m m e n t s a n d q u e s t i o n s m a n y of t h o s e i n a t t e n d a n c e a t t h i s c o n f e r e n c e ( a n d t h e d i s t i n c t m a j o r i t y w e r e m e m b e r s of f a c u l t i e s of c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s ) b e t r a y e d a n i g n o r a n c e of o r a l a c k of f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h t h e k i n d of s e r v i c e t h a t a l l b u t t h e m o s t p o o r l y - e q u i p p e d c o l - l e g e o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a r e p r e p a r e d t o g i v e . S o m e of t h e s e s e r v i c e s i n c l u d e t h e p r o c u r i n g of s p e c i a l i z e d m a t e r i a l s , s u c h as t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s of t h e U . S . G o v e r n m e n t , U . N . a n d U n e s c o ; b o r r o w i n g t h r o u g h 1 A t the invitation of the American Council on Edu- cation, delegates representing agencies of government, professional organizations and associations met at Estes I'ark, Colo. June 19-22, 1949, to discuss " T h e Role of Colleges and Universities in Furthering International Understanding." Over 100 representatives of the vari- ous organizations which make up the council were in attendance, together with delegates from governmental and private agencies, such as the U . S . Department of State, Unesco, and the Hazen Foundation. James Hodgson, Ralph Esterquest, and Donald E . Strout repre- sented the American L i b r a r y Association, the last- named also serving as the representative of the A . C . R . L . i n t e r l i b r a r y l o a n ; a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e a c q u i s i t i o n of n o n b o o k m a t e r i a l s , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e r e a l m of a u d i o - v i s u a l m a t e r i a l s . F o r e x a m p l e , a t o n e p o i n t t h e d i s c u s s i o n h i n g e d o n t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o n e a c h c a m p u s of a c l e a r i n g h o u s e of i n f o r m a t i o n o n g o v e r n - m e n t a l a n d n o n g o v e r n m e n t a l p r o g r a m s , o n p r o g r a m s of s t u d y a b r o a d a n d o n r e l a t e d t o p i c s , s u c h a s e x c h a n g e of f o r e i g n s t u d e n t s . C e r t a i n l y t h e r e is n o b e t t e r p l a c e o n t h e a c a d e m i c s c e n e f o r t h e p r o v i s i o n of s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n t h a n t h e l i b r a r y , e q u i p p e d as it is n o t o n l y t o i n i t i a t e t h e c o l l e c t i o n of s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n b u t a l s o t o see t h a t i t is k e p t u p t o d a t e . G r a n t e d t h a t t h i s m i g h t r e q u i r e a d d e d p e r s o n n e l a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y a l a r g e r b u d g e t , t h e E s t e s P a r k c o n f e r e n c e d e m o n s t r a t e s c l e a r l y t h e n e e d f o r s u c h a s e r v i c e . A t t h e s a m e t i m e it p o i n t s t o t h e n e e d f o r f a r g r e a t e r p u b l i c i t y r e g a r d i n g k i n d r e d s e r v i c e s w h i c h u p - t o - d a t e c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a r e a l r e a d y p r e p a r e d t o g i v e . W h a t a b o u t t h e m o r e s p e c i f i c a s p e c t s of t h e l i b r a r y ' s p a r t in f u r t h e r i n g a p r o g r a m of i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g ? M a j o r " w o r k a r e a s " f o r t h e c o n f e r e n c e w e r e d e - fined a s : U . S . g o v e r n m e n t a l p r o g r a m s c a l l - i n g f o r c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h c o l l e g e s a n d u n i - v e r s i t i e s , i n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l p r o g r a m s , c o - o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n v o l u n t a r y o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d c o l l e g e s , t h e t r a i n i n g of s p e c i a l i z e d p e r - s o n n e l f o r p o s i t i o n s b e a r i n g o n i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g , t h e c u r r i c u l u m a n d t h e a d - v i s o r y s y s t e m , e x t r a c u r r i c u l a r a c t i v i t i e s , a d u l t e d u c a t i o n , a n d t h e f o r m a t i o n of a n 106 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES international organization of universities. As deliberations proceeded on these major work areas it became increasingly apparent that the full realization of the possibilities in each of these areas involves the library to some degree. By concept and tradition the library, certainly on the American scene and in some foreign lands as well, more nearly approaches the ideal of an international civil servant than any other one institution. If ever a concept, service, or formal organization possessed a degree of universality, it is the library. T h e U.S. libraries abroad, though not completely free from the taint of propaganda, do much in a direct way to f u r t h e r international understanding by bringing the United States closer to the hearts and minds of native populations. Similarly college and university libraries in this country can go far in furthering the cause of international understanding. T h e libraries could do this by providing the background information at the undergraduate level and by acting as centers of information for more specialized information at the graduate level—such as information on research programs in inter- national understanding being undertaken by the various voluntary, governmental and intergovernmental agencies, to mention but one example. A few of the specific observations and recommendations coming out of the Estes Park conference may serve to show most adequately not only the direction of think- ing of the conference, but may point to the ways in which the library can participate effectively in furthering a program of international understanding. One section recommended the establish- ment of a national central coordinating committee or agency to act as a clearing house for the needs and services of govern- mental, intergovernmental and nongovern- mental agencies on the one hand and col- leges and universities on the other.2 T h e section working on the programs of inter- governmental agencies suggested that "basic kits should be developed and placed in institutions to answer the majority of ques- tions regarding achievements, structure and problems of the [intergovernmental] agen- cies."3 T h i s section continued with the suggestion that a central committee should inform colleges and universities of the needs for specialized personnel as well as the opportunities for possible research and thesis topics presented by the issues under investigation by such agencies.4 T h e section concerned directly with aspects of cooperation between voluntary organizations and colleges and universities offered a specific recommendation that "voluntary agencies are encouraged to sug- gest to university libraries books and ma- terials in the field of international under- standing."5 In such matters as the creation of a university clearing house office, recom- mended by Section I I I , the individual li- brary could well assume an active and con- tinuing role. T h e establishment of such an office was recommended as an aid "toward building a more effective partnership be- tween institutions of higher learning and voluntary organizations,"6 through the cen- tralizing of information regarding foreign student affairs, student religions, cultural and humanitarian activities, and "all the existing points of contact between it as an institution and the voluntary organizations serving the campus community."7 Section V I recommends "a general basic course in international affairs which all 2 Report of Section I : " U n i t e d S t a t e s Government P r o g r a m s T h a t Call for Cooperation with Colleges and U n i v e r s i t i e s . " Russell I . M a c k r e y , chairman, (mimeo- graphed) 3 'Report on Section I I : " I n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l Pro- g r a m s . " Donald J. S h a n k , chairman, (mimeographed) 4 Ibid. 5 Report of Section I I I : "Cooperation between Vol- untary Organizations and Colleges and U n i v e r s i t i e s . " A . B u r n s Chalmers, chairman, (mimeographed) 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. APR1L, 1950 107 s t u d e n t s s h o u l d b e e n c o u r a g e d t o t a k e . " 8 T h e r e a r e d e f i n i t e l i b r a r y i m p l i c a t i o n s i n t h a t p a r t of t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n c a l l i n g f o r t h e p r o v i s i o n of s u p p l e m e n t a r y m a - t e r i a l s i n a c o n s t a n t l y e x p a n d i n g field. T h e s e i m p l i c a t i o n s a r e a l s o p r e s e n t i n t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r t h e p r o v i s i o n of c o u r s e s f o r t h e s t u d e n t w h o w i s h e s " b r o a d e r t r a i n i n g i n t h e field of i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s , w i t h o r w i t h o u t a n y v o c a t i o n a l i n t e n t , " 9 o n a m y r i a d of t o p i c s r a n g i n g f r o m t h e p r o b l e m of w a r i n m o d e r n s o c i e t y t o a c o u r s e o n c o m p a r a t i v e l i t e r a t u r e . T h e s e c t i o n o n a d u l t e d u c a t i o n n o t e d t h e n e e d f o r a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s p e c i f i c a l l y d e s i g - n a t e d " t o m a i n t a i n c o n t a c t w i t h g o v e r n - m e n t a l , i n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l , a n d v o l u n t a r y a g e n c i e s a s a m e a n s of s e c u r i n g s p e a k e r s , i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s f o r . . . a d u l t g r o u p s i n t h e a r e a s e r v e d b y t h e u n i v e r s i t y . " 1 0 S u c h a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c o u l d w e l l b e a m e m b e r of t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f , e s p e c i a l l y s i n c e t h e s e c t i o n u r g e s , i n a n o t h e r p a r t of i t s r e p o r t , a c l o s e r r e l a t i o n s h i p b e - t w e e n u n i v e r s i t y a n d c o m m u n i t y g r o u p s i n s u c h m a t t e r s a s a s p e a k e r s ' b u r e a u , t h e e x t e n s i o n of l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s , t h e p r o v i s i o n of a u d i o - v i s u a l a n d d u p l i c a t i n g e q u i p m e n t , a n d t h e l i k e . A c l o s e r c o o r d i n a t i o n , a m o n g c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s , of i n f o r m a t i o n o n p r o - g r a m s i n v o l v i n g l i a i s o n w i t h f o r e i g n s t u - d e n t s a n d t e a c h e r s o n t h e i n d i v i d u a l c a m - p u s e s , a s w e l l a s t h e s e n d i n g of U . S . s t u - d e n t s t o s t u d y a b r o a d a n d t h e c o l l e c t i o n a n d d i s s e m i n a t i o n of i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n f o r - m a t i o n , a s p r o p o s e d b y a n o t h e r s e c t i o n , 1 1 f a l l s p r o p e r l y a n d d i r e c t l y w i t h i n t h e s p h e r e of t h e s e r v i c e s w h i c h t h e l i b r a r y is a b l e t o 8 Report of Section V I : " C u r r i c u l u m and A d v i s o r y S y s t e m . " Helen D w i g h t Reid, chairman, (mimeo- g r a p h e d ) 9 Ibid. 10 Report of Section V I I I : " A d u l t E d u c a t i o n . " I . O. H o r s f a l l , chairman, (mimeographed) 1 1 Report of Section V I I : " E x t r a - c u r r i c u l a r A c t i v i - t i e s . " Rev. V i n c e n t J. F l y n n , c h a i r m a n , (mimeo- g r a p h e d ) 108 CO p r o v i d e , w o r k i n g c l o s e l y , i n s u c h a n i n - s t a n c e , w i t h o t h e r c a m p u s o f f i c e s a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s . T h e c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b e - c o m e s d i r e c t l y i n v o l v e d i n a n y p l a n s s u c h a s a r e u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r t h e f o r m a - t i o n of a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n of u n i v e r s i t i e s ( u n i v e r s i t y i n t h i s s e n s e r e - f e r r i n g t o colleges and universities i n t h e A m e r i c a n s e n s e ) a l o n g t h e l i n e s i n i t i a l l y d r a w n a t t h e U t r e c h t c o n f e r e n c e , A u g . 2 - 1 3 , 1 9 4 8 , f o r w h i c h a f u l l r e p o r t h a s b e e n p u b l i s h e d . 1 2 T h e d e l i b e r a t i o n s of t h i s h i s - t o r i c c o n f e r e n c e w e r e c o n t i n u e d a n d a m p l i - fied f r o m t h e A m e r i c a n p o i n t of v i e w a t t h e E s t e s P a r k c o n f e r e n c e , w h i c h d r e w u p a s p e c i f i c s e t of r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s a n d s u g - g e s t e d p r o c e d u r e s , a m o n g w h i c h t h e f o l l o w - i n g r e l a t e s d i r e c t l y t o t h e c o l l e g e a n d u n i - v e r s i t y l i b r a r y : T h e c o n f e r e n c e f i r m l y believes t h a t t h e r e should also be some f o r m of association a m o n g the universities of the w o r l d . A u n i v e r s i t y has e v e r y t h i n g to gain by the d e v e l o p m e n t of closer official connection w i t h sister institu- tions in o t h e r countries, w h i c h could be ob- tained u n d e r the auspices of such an associa- tion. T h e s t i m u l a t i o n of research into prob- lems of u n i v e r s i t y l i f e and w o r k , and the h o l d i n g of periodic c o n f e r e n c e s , could be bet- ter p r o m o t e d by an o r g a n i z a t i o n of this sort than by any o t h e r . . . , 1 3 O n e of t h e s p e c i f i c p u r p o s e s of s u c h a n o r g a n i z a t i o n w o u l d b e : T o a d m i n i s t e r an i n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t i e s B u r e a u w i t h the purpose of f u r t h e r i n g di- rectly or indirectly the f o l l o w i n g o b j e c t s : a ) the collection and dissemination of i n f o r m a - tion r e l a t i n g to institutions of higher educa- tion t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d ; as f o r e x a m p l e — . . . p r o v i d i n g f o r the publication at r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s of c o m p r e h e n s i v e d i r e c t o r i e s of in- stitutions of higher education, establishing a 12 U n e s c o : Report of P r e p a r a t o r y C o n f e r e n c e of Repre- sentatives of U n i v e r s i t i e s , convened at U t r e c h t , A u g . 2- 13, 1948, by U n e s c o in collaboration with the Nether- lands Government. ( U n e s c o publication 228) P a r i s , Unesco, 1948. 18 Report of Section I X : " I n t e r n a t i o n a l O r g a n i z a t i o n of U n i v e r s i t i e s . " Robert W . Goss, chairman, (mimeo- g r a p h e d ) LLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES l i b r a r y of w o r k s of r e f e r e n c e and official pub- lications of the v a r i o u s universities . . d ) the f o r m a t i o n of m e a s u r e s f o r the better distribution and e x c h a n g e of l a b o r a t o r y m a - terials, books, and o t h e r equipment f o r uni- v e r s i t y study and research a m o n g the coun- tries of the w o r l d . 1 4 T h e a c t i v i t i e s of l i b r a r i a n s in g e n e r a l , a n d of c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n s in p a r t i c u l a r , in g a t h e r i n g b o o k s a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l s f o r t h e w a r - d e v a s t a t e d a r e a s a r e t o o w e l l k n o w n t o n e e d f u r t h e r m e n t i o n h e r e . A l e t t e r f r o m A l i c e D u l a n y B a l l , of t h e U . S . B o o k E x c h a n g e , t o H o w a r d L e e N o s t r a n d , e x e c u t i v e o f f i c e r of t h e c o n f e r - e n c e , c o n t a i n s s e v e r a l s p e c i f i c s u g g e s t i o n s w h i c h c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n s m i g h t c o n s i d e r c a r e f u l l y as w a y s a n d m e a n s of a s s u m i n g a d i r e c t a n d p o s i t i v e rol'e in t h e f u r t h e r a n c e of i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d g o o d w i l l . A m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s the l e t t e r m e n t i o n s : ( 1 ) T h e shipment of books and book col- lections ( l a t e books, in good condition, in s u b j e c t s u s e f u l to a m o d e r n college or r e - search s t u d e n t ) to U . S . B . E . w h i c h , t h o u g h it c a n n o t pay shipment costs to W a s h i n g t o n , w i l l sort, pack and a r r a n g e f o r costs of o v e r s e a s shipment. ( I f the donor w i s h e s to s p e c i f y a given institution as recipient, this can be a r r a n g e d , provided suitable g r o u n d - w o r k f o r the g i f t has been l a i d . ) ( 2 ) T h e n e w C A R E book p r o g r a m , in the p u r c h a s e field, m a k e s it possible f o r donors to choose the c o u n t r y , the type of institution, and the c a t e g o r y of books to be sent, all w i t h the same g u a r a n t e e as other C A R E shipments. ( 3 ) T h e donation of c u r r e n t subscriptions to p r o f e s s i o n a l periodicals f o r institutions a b r o a d , m a k i n g use of the U . S . B . E . and the U n e s c o in P a r i s f o r names of institutions most in need of this service. ( 4 ) T h e sending of books to individual scholars, students, and p r o f e s s o r s f o r their p r i v a t e use, along the lines of a plan w h i c h could be developed j o i n t l y by the S t a t e D e - p a r t m e n t , A . L . A . , U . S . B . E . and U n e s c o , w h i c h , a l o n g w i t h o t h e r interested o r g a n i z a - " Ibid. tions, could develop the b r o a d outlines of a p r o g r a m of requests and donations l e a d i n g to the continued provisions of m a t e r i a l s badly needed by such individuals o v e r s e a s . A s w a s s t a t e d at t h e o p e n i n g of t h i s a r t i c l e , the r o l e of t h e l i b r a r y is i m p l i c i t in a n y p r o g r a m of i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r - s t a n d i n g . T h e i n d i v i d u a l l i b r a r y , l i b r a r i e s as a w h o l e , a n d l i b r a r y o r g a n i z a t i o n s c a n p e r f o r m a t w o - f o l d r o l e : ( 1 ) A s c e n t e r s f o r t h e c o l l e c t i o n , o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d d i s t r i b u - t i o n of m a t e r i a l s a n d i n f o r m a t i o n o n a l l a s p e c t s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g ; a n d ( 2 ) as i n i t i a t o r s of t h o u g h t at t h e l o c a l a n d n a t i o n a l l e v e l , r e g a r d i n g t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a f f a i r s , by d i s c o v e r i n g t h e p e r s o n s a n d the o u t l e t s t h r o u g h w h o m s u c h u n d e r s t a n d i n g c a n best be a c h i e v e d a n d b y t a k i n g a positive a n d aggressive p a r t t h r o u g h a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n in f u r t h e r i n g s u c h u n d e r s t a n d i n g . T h e s p e c i f i c a n d g e n e r a l w a y s by w h i c h l i b r a r i e s c a n f u l f i l t h i s d u a l r o l e a r e l e g i o n . T h e f i r s t step is t h e p r o c u r e m e n t of m a - t e r i a l s , s u c h as the p u b l i c a t i o n s a n d lists of i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s . T h e m o r e i m p o r t a n t step is the interpretation of these m a t e r i a l s — t o f a c u l t y , s t u d e n t s a n d t o w n s p e o p l e . T h e a s s i s t a n c e in the c o m - p i l a t i o n of lists of v o l u n t a r y o r g a n i z a t i o n s , g o v e r n m e n t n e e d s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n a l re- s o u r c e s , so u r g e n t l y n e e d e d at t h e m o m e n t ; t h e f a c i l i t a t i n g of d i s s e m i n a t i o n of i n f o r m a - t i o n t h r o u g h o u t c a m p u s a n d c o m m u n i t y r e g a r d i n g p r o v i s i o n s f o r f o r e i g n e x c h a n g e s , f o r e i g n s t u d y p r o g r a m s , a n d t h e l i k e ; t h e s y s t e m a t i c c o l l e c t i o n a n d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r s t u d y a n d r e s e a r c h a t f o r e i g n i n s t i t u t i o n s as p r o v i d e d by t h e i r c a t a l o g s a n d a n n o u n c e - m e n t s — b y these w a y s a n d m a n y o t h e r s a c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y c a n a i d in the s u c c e s s f u l p r o s e c u t i o n of a p r o g r a m l e a d i n g t o b e t t e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g . (Continued on page 114) APR1L, 1950 109 The Person in the Body—Hensie—Norton The Doctor's Job—Binger—Norton The Happy Family—Levy a n d M o n r o e — Knopf Our Age of Unreason—Alexander—Lippin- cott Living Wisely and Well—Terhune—Dut- t o n It's How You Take It—Caner—Coward- McCann The History of Medical Psychology— Zilboorg—Norton The Emotional Problems of Living—Eng- lish and Pearson—Norton Fundamentals of Psychoanalysis—Alex- ander—Norton Facts and Theories of Psychoanalysis— Hendrick—Knopf U n d u e p u b l i c i t y f o r b o o k s of t h i s t y p e w o u l d p r o b a b l y n o t b e j u s t i f i e d . T h e f a c t t h a t s u c h b o o k s a r e in t h e l i b r a r y a n d a v a i l - a b l e t o a l l c a n b e m a d e k n o w n b y s u i t a b l e a n n o u n c e m e n t s o n t h e u s u a l b u l l e t i n b o a r d s o r o t h e r n o r m a l p u b l i c i t y c h a n n e l s . S i n c e p s y c h i a t r y l e n d s itself so r e a d i l y t o o v e r - s t a t e m e n t s , a n d t o e x p l o i t a t i o n b y i t s w o u l d - be f r i e n d s , i t w o u l d p r o b a b l y b e w i s e t o l e t t h e s e b o o k s g e t i n t o c i r c u l a t i o n s l o w l y a n d n a t u r a l l y a n d l e t t h e m m a k e t h e i r o w n w a y . I f , in t h e c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s , i n t e r e s t e d d e p a r t m e n t s s t i m u l a t e t h e i r u s e , so m u c h t h e b e t t e r . I n f a c t , e a c h c o l l e g e l i b r a r i a n m i g h t w e l l h a v e a p s y c h i a t r i s t as a n u n o f f i c i a l m e m b e r of h i s a d v i s o r y s t a f f , t o h e l p h i m i n t h e s e l e c t i o n of n e w b o o k s in t h i s field as t h e y a p p e a r . L i b r a r i a n s h a v e in t h e i r h a n d s t h e p o w e r of m a k i n g o r b r e a k i n g t h e m a j o r i t y of n e w b o o k s . A s r e c e n t figures c o m p i l e d b y t h e Library Journal s h o w , U n i t e d S t a t e s p u b l i c l i b r a r i e s b u y f r o m 1 , 0 0 0 t o 3 , 0 0 0 c o p i e s of m o s t of t h e t r a d e b o o k s t h e y d e c i d e t o p u r - c h a s e . I f b o o k s s u c h as a r e o n t h i s l i s t c o u l d be d i s t r i b u t e d t o l i b r a r i e s i n s u c h q u a n t i t i e s , t r u e m e n t a l h e a l t h m i g h t be a s o m e w h a t n e a r e r p o s s i b i l i t y . T h e a i m s of t h e l i b r a r i a n a n d t h e psy- c h i a t r i s t a r e r e a l l y n o t v e r y d i f f e r e n t in p r i n c i p l e , t h o u g h q u i t e d i f f e r e n t i n a p p l i c a - t i o n . T h e l i b r a r i a n is t h e c u s t o d i a n of t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m w h i c h t h e s t u d e n t ac- q u i r e s t h e e d u c a t i o n w h i c h is t o a i d h i m in g e t t i n g a l o n g w i t h h i s f e l l o w s a n d l i v i n g a f u l l a n d s a t i s f y i n g l i f e ; b u t h e is n o t s a t i s - fied w i t h b e i n g m e r e l y t h e c u s t o d i a n . H e e x e r t s h i m s e l f t o m a k e t h e r a w m a t e r i a l s of a n e d u c a t i o n r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e in t h e f a c e of v e r y r a p i d m u l t i p l i c a t i o n of r e s o u r c e s . L i k e w i s e t h e p s y c h i a t r i s t m u s t c o m e o u t of h i s i s o l a t i o n w i t h i n t h e h o s p i t a l a n d m a k e t h e k n o w l e d g e g a i n e d f r o m t h e s t u d y of h u m a n f a i l u r e of a d j u s t m e n t a v a i l a b l e t o a l l t h e p e o p l e in t h e h o p e of p r e v e n t i n g e m o t i o n a l i l l n e s s . A s I a g o G a l d s t o n h a s so w e l l p h r a s e d i t , " I d o a f f i r m t h a t t h e r e is l i t t l e h o p e f o r i m p r o v e m e n t i n h u m a n r e - l a t i o n s u n t i l t h e b o d y of k n o w l e d g e a v a i l - a b l e in m o d e r n p s y c h i a t r y h a s b e e n m a d e c o m m o n i n t h e k n o w l e d g e , t h i n k i n g , a n d m o t i v a t i o n of t h e c o m m o n m a n . " I t m a y be a p p r o p r i a t e t o c l o s e w i t h o n e t a n g i b l e e x a m p l e of w h a t l i b r a r i e s c a n d o in t h i s p r o g r a m . A m o n g t h e p r o p o s a l s a d o p t e d a t t h e E s t e s P a r k c o n f e r e n c e w a s o n e w h i c h s t a t e d u n e q u i v o c a l l y t h e n e e d f o r a g o o d b a s i c r e a d i n g list t o f o s t e r i n t e r - n a t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g , w h i c h l e d t o a f o r - International Understanding (Continued from page iog) m a l r e q u e s t t o t h e A m e r i c a n L i b r a r y A s s o - c i a t i o n t o t a k e t h e l e a d i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of s u c h a l i s t . T h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s of s u c h a l i s t is v e r y d i r e c t l y a n d i n t i m a t e l y d e p e n d - e n t u p o n t h e i n d i v i d u a l l i b r a r y — a n d t h e i n d i v i d u a l l i b r a r i a n — a n d t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is a v e r y g r a v e o n e , i n d e e d . 114 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES