College and Research Libraries B y L U C Y E . F A Y Some College Library Investigations at Columbia University Until her retirement in 1942 Miss Fay was associate professor of library serv- ice at Columbia University. The series of studies she describes in this article are further illustrated in the present number by the condensed versions of essays by Maurice H. Smith and Rea J. Steele. IN P L A N N I N G I N V E S T I G A T I O N S in t h e c o l l e g e l i b r a r y f i e l d w h e n t h e m a s t e r of s c i e n c e c u r r i c u l u m w a s b e g u n i n t h e S c h o o l of L i b r a r y S e r v i c e i n 1 9 2 8 , c o n - s i d e r a t i o n w a s g i v e n t o t h e v a r i o u s a s p e c t s of c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s t h a t n e e d e d s t u d y , t o s u b j e c t s t h a t c o u l d be e n c o m p a s s e d b y s t u d e n t s in t h e i r y e a r of g r a d u a t e s t u d y , a n d t o s u b j e c t s t h a t w o u l d o f f e r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of r e s e a r c h t e c h n i q u e s f o r t h e s t u - d e n t s ' t r a i n i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e . S o m e s i x t y o r m o r e s t u d i e s w e r e m a d e in t h e fields of o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d a d m i n i s - t r a t i o n , b u d g e t s , s t a f f a c t i v i t i e s , s t u d e n t a s s i s t a n t s , h i s t o r y of l i b r a r i e s , b o o k c o l l e c - t i o n s in r e l a t i o n t o t h e t e a c h i n g p r o g r a m of t h e c o l l e g e , p e r i o d i c a l h o l d i n g s in v a r i - o u s s u b j e c t fields in r e l a t i o n t o t h e c u r - r i c u l u m , t h e b o o k - r e v i e w i n g a d e q u a c y of s u b j e c t j o u r n a l s f o r b o o k s e l e c t i o n in c o l - l e g e l i b r a r i e s , l i b r a r y r e p o r t s as s o u r c e m a t e r i a l , s t u d e n t s ' r e a d i n g a n d r e a d i n g in- t e r e s t s , a n d so f o r t h . Book Collections in Relation to Curricula I t m a y be of i n t e r e s t t o c o l l e g e l i b r a r - i a n s t o k n o w t h e r e s u l t s of t w o series of t h e s e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , b o t h s e r i e s b e i n g c o n - c e r n e d w i t h d i s t i n c t a s p e c t s of b o o k se- l e c t i o n . T h e first series of n i n e t e e n e s s a y s c o m p r i s e d s t u d i e s of t h e a d e q u a c y of b o o k c o l l e c t i o n s , as t h e y e x i s t e d , in r e l a t i o n t o t h e e d u c a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s of t h e c o l l e g e s a n d c o v e r e d t h e s u b j e c t s o f : s c i e n c e in g e n e r a l , z o o l o g y , A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y , E n g - l i s h h i s t o r y , fine a r t s , a n t h r o p o l o g y , e c o - n o m i c s , r e l i g i o n , S p a n i s h , p h i l o s o p h y , F r e n c h l i t e r a t u r e of t h e s e v e n t e e n t h c e n - t u r y , g e n e r a l b o o k s in t h e l i t e r a t u r e of a g r i c u l t u r e , s o c i a l s c i e n c e s in g e n e r a l , a n d s o c i o l o g y . T h e t y p e s of l i b r a r i e s c o v e r e d w e r e s t a t e t e a c h e r s c o l l e g e s in N e b r a s k a , N e w Y o r k , T e x a s , a n d W e s t V i r g i n i a ; l i b e r a l a r t s c o l l e g e s ; j u n i o r c o l l e g e s ; l a n d - g r a n t c o l l e g e s ; C a t h o l i c c o l l e g e s ; a n d o n e f o r e i g n i n s t i t u t i o n , t h e U n i v e r s i t y of O s l o . 1 T h e r e s u l t s o f t h i s series of e s s a y s as a w h o l e h a v e s h o w n t h a t b o o k s e l e c t i o n h a s b e e n f a r f r o m s y s t e m a t i c a l l y d o n e in e v e r y t y p e of c o l l e g e l i b r a r y ; t h a t t h e se- l e c t i o n p r o c e s s h a s s h o w n l i m i t e d c o o p - e r a t i o n of f a c u l t y a n d l i b r a r y s t a f f ; t h a t t h e o b j e c t i v e s of s u p p l y i n g p r i n t e d m a - t e r i a l s f o r t h e f u r t h e r a n c e of t h e e d u c a - t i o n a l p r o g r a m of t h e c o l l e g e h a v e n o t b e e n a t t a i n e d ; a n d t h a t s e l e c t i o n r o u t i n e s a n d m e t h o d s h a v e b e e n u n s a t i s f a c t o r y if n o t a l t o g e t h e r n o n e x i s t e n t . F u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e c o n d i - t i o n s , m e t h o d s , a n d t o o l s of b o o k s e l e c - 1 A condensation of an essay belonging to this series, by Maurice H. Smith, appears on pages 217-27 of the present number of College and Research Li- braries. JUNE, 1944 19 7 t i o n h a s b e e n m a d e in o n e p a r t i c u l a r s t u d y of t h e s t a t e t e a c h e r s c o l l e g e s of N e w Y o r k a n d in t h e s e r i e s o n b o o k r e v i e w i n g in s u b j e c t j o u r n a l s d e s c r i b e d a n d s u m - m a r i z e d in t h i s a r t i c l e . Adequacy of Book Reviewing in Subject Journals T h e s e r i e s of n i n e t e e n e s s a y s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e r e s u l t s of t w o d i s c u s s i o n s o u t s i d e t h e S c h o o l of L i b r a r y S e r v i c e , l e d t o s t u d i e s o n t h e a d e q u a c y of b o o k r e v i e w i n g in s u b j e c t j o u r n a l s f o r c o l l e g e l i b r a r y b o o k s e l e c t i o n . O n e of t h e d i s c u s s i o n s w a s t h e r e c u r r e n t c r i t i c i s m in t h e C o l l e g e a n d R e f e r e n c e S e c t i o n of t h e A . L . A . of t h e l a c k o f a n y s a t i s f a c t o r y b o o k s e l e c t i o n a i d s , in t h e f i e l d of c u r r e n t t i t l e s , f o r c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s ; t h e e x p r e s s e d o p i n i o n t h a t t h e Booklist d i d n o t s u f f i c e ; a n d t h e a g i t a t i o n f o r a s p e c i a l c u r r e n t l i s t f o r c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s . T h i s m a t t e r w a s d i s c u s s e d a t s e v e r a l a n n u a l m e e t i n g s ; res- o l u t i o n s w e r e p a s s e d ; A . L . A . H e a d q u a r - t e r s t o o k t h e i d e a u n d e r a d v i s e m e n t ; a n d t h e A . C . R . L . a p p o i n t e d a c o m m i t t e e t o f i n d o u t , b y t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n of b o o k r e v i e w i n g in p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d s u b j e c t j o u r n a l s , w h e t h e r a n e w a i d w a s r e a l l y n e e d e d a n d , if so, t o s u g g e s t t h e k i n d of l i s t c o l l e g e l i b r a r i a n s w o u l d f i n d s a t i s f a c - t o r y . T h e o t h e r d i s c u s s i o n , o u t s i d e t h e l i b r a r y f i e l d , w a s of e v e n g r e a t e r s i g n i f i c a n c e in d e t e r m i n i n g t h e n e e d of i n v e s t i g a t - i n g b o o k r e v i e w i n g in s u b j e c t j o u r n a l s . T h e A m e r i c a n H i s t o r i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n ' s C o m m i t t e e o n P l a n n i n g R e s e a r c h p u b - l i s h e d a r e p o r t in 1 9 3 2 e n t i t l e d , " H i s t o r i - c a l S c h o l a r s h i p i n A m e r i c a : N e e d s a n d O p p o r t u n i t i e s . " T h i s c o m m i t t e e o f f e r e d s o m e q u e s t i o n s t o be a n s w e r e d b y g r o u p s of s p e c i a l i s t s in a n c i e n t h i s t o r y , m e d i e v a l h i s t o r y , m o d e r n E u r o p e a n h i s t o r y , a n d A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y . T w o of t h e q u e s t i o n s w e r e : 1. A r e t h e r e any o b v i o u s s h o r t c o m i n g s in o u r p r o f e s s i o n a l j o u r n a l s t h a t m i g h t be c o r r e c t e d ? A r e o u r s t a n d a r d s of book r e - v i e w i n g a d e q u a t e ? 2. H a v e w e at the p r e s e n t time a d e q u a t e f a c i l i t i e s f o r k e e p i n g posted on recent pub- l i c a t i o n s , both p e r i o d i c a l and in book f o r m ? T h e v a r i o u s s p e c i a l i s t s e x p r e s s e d t h e i r o p i n i o n s , a n d t h e c o m m i t t e e s u m m a r i z e d t h e i r a n s w e r s : A g e n e r a l c r i t i c i s m m a d e of h i s t o r i c a l j o u r n a l s c o n c e r n s the r e v i e w i n g and biblio- g r a p h i c a l s e r v i c e . T o o o f t e n r e v i e w s do n o t r e v i e w the b o o k . T h e y d i l a t e upon insig- nificant e r r o r s and t h u s g i v e a m i s l e a d i n g i m p r e s s i o n of the w o r k u n d e r c o n s i d e r a - tion. T h e r e is a g e n e r a l d e m a n d f o r m o r e c r i t i c a l a p p r a i s a l both of the scientific and l i t e r a r y m e r i t s of b o o k s . W i t h o u t r e d u c i n g the n u m b e r of r e v i e w s , m o r e e m p h a s i s and space s h o u l d be g i v e n to i m p o r t a n t w o r k s . W e s u g g e s t t h a t the e d i t o r s t a k e steps to p r o c u r e f u n d s f o r the p u r c h a s e of significant w o r k s w h i c h they c a n n o t o t h e r w i s e s e c u r e f o r r e v i e w . W e r e c o m m e n d t h a t sessions at the m e e t i n g of the A m e r i c a n H i s t o r i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n be o c c a s i o n a l l y d e v o t e d to the c o n s i d e r a t i o n of the a r t of b o o k r e v i e w i n g . (Report, p. 3 9 - 4 0 ) W i t h t h e s e t h r e e i n s t i g a t o r s — o u r o w n f i n d i n g s f r o m t h e f i r s t series of n i n e t e e n s t u d i e s , t h e c o l l e g e l i b r a r i a n s ' c r i t i c i s m of t h e l a c k of s e l e c t i o n a i d s f o r c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s , a n d t h e h i s t o r i a n s ' i n d i c t m e n t of t h e i r j o u r n a l s in r e g a r d t o b o o k r e v i e w - i n g — t h e s e c o n d s e r i e s o f s t u d i e s , c o n - c e r n e d w i t h a n o t h e r a s p e c t of b o o k s e l e c - t i o n , h a d i m p e l l i n g r e a s o n s f o r b e i n g u n d e r t a k e n . F u r t h e r m o r e , f o l l o w i n g t h e A m e r i c a n H i s t o r i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n ' s r e p o r t o f 1 9 3 2 , t h e r e a p p e a r e d in t h e American Journal of Psychology ( v . 4 6 , p . 5 0 8 - 1 1 , J u l y 1 9 3 4 ) a n a c c o u n t of a s t u d y of b o o k r e v i e w s in p s y c h o l o g i c a l p e r i o d i c a l s b y v 208 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES R i c h a r d S . S c h u l t z a n d H e l e n P a l l i s t e r . T h e i r i n v e s t i g a t i o n of n i n e j o u r n a l s , Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychol- ogy, American Journal of Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, Psycho- logical Bulletin, Psychological Clinic, Psychoanalytic Review, Journal of Social Psychology, Journal of General Psychol- ogy, a n d Pedagogical Seminary, f o r t h e y e a r 1 9 3 3 r e s u l t e d in t h e f o l l o w i n g s i x c o n c l u s i o n s : T h i s s t u d y s h o w s in g e n e r a l t h a t a v a i l - able f a c i l i t i e s f o r b o o k r e v i e w s are not b e i n g used to the f u l l e s t e x t e n t . A n u m b e r of o b v i o u s d e f e c t s a p p e a r in the p r e s e n t s y s t e m of b o o k r e v i e w i n g . T h e s e a r e b r i e f l y as f o l l o w s : 1. A s m a l l n u m b e r of p a g e s are g i v e n to b o o k r e v i e w s in a l l b u t t w o j o u r n a l s : 5 1 . 6 per cent of the space u t i l i z e d f o r b o o k re- v i e w s is confined to the American Journal of Psychology and the Psychological Bul- letin. 2. M o s t of the j o u r n a l s r e v i e w f e w b o o k s . T h e American Journal of Psychol- ogy r e v i e w e d the l a r g e s t n u m b e r of b o o k s in I 9 3 3 . a m o u n t i n g to 43.6 per cent of the t o t a l . 3. T h e r e is c o n s i d e r a b l e d e l a y in p u b l i - c a t i o n of r e v i e w s . O n l y 8.2 per cent of the b o o k s published in the E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e are r e v i e w e d d u r i n g the y e a r of p u b l i c a t i o n and 46.6 of the r e v i e w s do not a p p e a r u n t i l t w o y e a r s a f t e r p u b l i c a t i o n . 4. O f the b o o k s r e v i e w e d 85.8 per cent w e r e r e v i e w e d but once. 5. T h e r e a r e n o t m a n y a s s i d u o u s r e v i e w - e r s : 60.9 p e r c e n t of t h e m w e r e c r e d i t e d w i t h o n l y one b o o k . 6. T h e r e is a q u e s t i o n as t o the p r o f e s - s i o n a l c o m p e t e n c y of the r e v i e w e r s . O n l y 42.2 p e r cent of the b o o k s w e r e r e v i e w e d by f u l l m e m b e r s of the A m e r i c a n P s y c h o - l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n and o v e r 15 per cent by n o n m e m b e r s . Value of Book Reviews in Subject Jour- nals for College Library Book Selection F r o m 1 9 3 7 t o 1 9 4 2 e l e v e n s t u d i e s in t h e s e c o n d s e r i e s a t t h e S c h o o l of L i b r a r y S e r v i c e w e r e c o m p l e t e d , c o v e r i n g t h e s u b - j e c t s of c h e m i s t r y , p o l i t i c a l s c i e n c e , m o d e r n l a n g u a g e p h i l o l o g y , a n c i e n t c l a s - sics, e n g i n e e r i n g , f o o d s a n d n u t r i t i o n , bi- o l o g y , h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n , m u s i c , E n g l i s h a n d A m e r i c a n l i t e r a t u r e , a n d e c o n o m i c s . O t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , c o v e r i n g p e r i o d i c a l s in h i s t o r y , p h i l o s o p h y , s o c i o l o g y , a n d g e n e r a l A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c p e r i o d i c a l s , a r e in c o u r s e of d e v e l o p m e n t , t h e o n e in p h i l o s o p h y n o w b e i n g n e a r l y finished. I n g e n e r a l , t h e purpose of t h e s e i n v e s - t i g a t i o n s h a s b e e n t w o f o l d : 1 . T o t e s t t h e a s s u m p t i o n of t h e A m e r i c a n H i s t o r - i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n c o m m i t t e e t h a t p e r i o d i c a l s in t h e h i s t o r y field w e r e n o t a d e q u a t e in t h e i r r e v i e w i n g f e a t u r e s , b y ( a ) e x t e n d i n g i n v e s t i g a t i o n s t o c o v e r m a n y o t h e r s u b - j e c t s , ( b ) d e v e l o p i n g as o b j e c t i v e m e t h - o d s as p o s s i b l e f o r s u c h t e s t i n g , a n d ( c ) e v a l u a t i n g t h e r e v i e w s f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r p u r p o s e of b o o k s e l e c t i o n in c o l l e g e l i - b r a r i e s ; a n d 2 . t o m a k e t h e e v i d e n c e o b - t a i n e d a v a i l a b l e t o c o l l e g e l i b r a r i a n s . T h i s a r t i c l e e n d e a v o r s t o p r e s e n t a s u m m a r y of t h e r e s u l t s of t h e s e s t u d i e s . F o r f u l l i n f o r m a t i o n , t h e l i b r a r i a n s h o u l d c o n s u l t t h e c o m p l e t e essays, w h i c h m a y be b o r r o w e d f r o m C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y o n i n t e r l i b r a r y l o a n . T h e selection of journals t o i n v e s t i g a t e w a s t h e first s t e p t a k e n in a l l c a s e s . T h a t i n v o l v e d finding o u t w h i c h h a d r e g u l a r b o o k - r e v i e w i n g s e c t i o n s , d e t e r m i n i n g t h e l i m i t a t i o n o r n o n l i m i t a t i o n t o j o u r n a l s p u b l i s h e d in t h e U . S . A . , a s c e r t a i n i n g w h i c h j o u r n a l s w e r e p r o b a b l y in m o s t c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s ( b y c h e c k i n g t h e Union List of Serials), a n d l e a r n i n g w h i c h j o u r - n a l s w e r e d e e m e d b e s t b y s p e c i a l i s t s . T h e l a s t w a s a c c o m p l i s h e d b y c h e c k i n g s u c h p e r i o d i c a l l i s t s as t h e H i l t o n l i s t , u s e d b y t h e N o r t h C e n t r a l A s s o c i a t i o n f o r a c - JUNE, 1944 19 7 c r e d i t i n g p u r p o s e s ; t h e l i s t of p e r i o d i c a l s in t h e S h a w List of Books for College Libraries; a n d t h e L y l e a n d T r u m p e r Classified List of Periodicals for College Libraries—all b e i n g s e l e c t e d l i s t s b a s e d o n t h e p o o l e d o p i n i o n s o f c o l l e g e f a c u l - ties a n d l i b r a r y s t a f f s . F o r s o m e s t u d i e s s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n w a s o b t a i n e d b y w r i t i n g d i r e c t l y t o v a r i o u s f a c u l t y s p e c i a l i s t s a n d l i b r a r i a n s f o r o p i n i o n s . Basis of Evaluation B e f o r e d e t e r m i n i n g c r i t e r i a f o r a b a s i s o f t h e evaluation of reviews, t h e l i t e r a t u r e o n b o o k r e v i e w i n g w a s r e a d a n d a l l e l e - m e n t s c o n s i d e r e d e s s e n t i a l t o a s a t i s f a c t o r y b o o k r e v i e w w e r e l i s t e d . I t is i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e t h a t , of p r a c t i c a l l y a l l s o u r c e s c o n - s u l t e d , M i s s H a i n e s ' Living with Books c o v e r e d a l l t h e e l e m e n t s of a d e q u a c y m o s t s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . T h e c o n s e q u e n c e w a s t h a t , in t h e m a i n , c r i t e r i a of e v a l u a t i o n in a l l t h e s e s t u d i e s w e r e b a s e d o n H a i n e s . T h e s t u d y of e d u c a t i o n j o u r n a l s u s e d in a d d i - t i o n t h e c r i t e r i a n o t e d in M a x w e l l ' s " U s e of S c o r e C a r d s in E v a l u a t i n g T e x t b o o k s . " T h e n u m b e r of c r i t e r i a w e r e g e n e r a l l y t e n : s i x f o r t h e f a c t u a l c o n t e n t o f t h e r e v i e w — a u t h o r , i m p r i n t , f o r m , p u r p o s e , s u b j e c t , p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s — a n d f o u r f o r t h e c r i t i c a l c o n t e n t — r e l i a b i l i t y , p r e s - e n t a t i o n , v a l u e , a n d c o m p a r i s o n . T h e n e x t s t e p w a s p r e p a r i n g a r a t i n g s c a l e t o be u s e d o n t h e c r i t e r i a . I n a l l b u t t w o s t u d i e s a s i x - p o i n t s c a l e w a s u s e d ; in o n e , a f i v e - p o i n t s c a l e ; a n d in t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n of e d u c a t i o n j o u r n a l s , a s c o r e c a r d , w h i c h d e v e l o p e d a m o r e r e f i n e d m e a s u r e m e n t t h a n d i d t h e r a t i n g s c a l e s . F o r f i n d i n g o u t o t h e r i m p o r t a n t f a c t s , a d d i t i o n a l t e c h n i q u e s w e r e u s e d . O n e of t h e s e f a c t s w a s t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e t i m e - l a g b e t w e e n t h e d a t e a b o o k w a s p u b - l i s h e d a n d t h e a p p e a r a n c e of a r e v i e w of it. T h i s w a s o n e of t h e t i m e - c o n s u m i n g a n d r e a l l y a r d u o u s s t e p s in t h e s t u d i e s , d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t , if t h e e v i d e n c e w a s t o h a v e a n y s i g n i f i c a n c e , it m u s t s h o w t i m e - l a g b y m o n t h s a t l e a s t . I n t h e c a s e o f b o o k s p r i n t e d i n t h e U . S . A . it m e a n t c h e c k i n g e v e r y t i t l e w i t h t h e c o p y r i g h t c a t a l o g in o r d e r t o o b t a i n t h e m o n t h of p u b l i c a t i o n . S o m e t i m e s t h e Publishers' Weekly h a d t o be c h e c k e d f o r n o n c o p y - r i g h t e d m a t e r i a l . F o r t i t l e s of E n g l i s h o r i g i n t h e English Catalogue a n d W h i t - a k e r ' s Cumulative Booklist w e r e c h e c k e d ; f o r t h e b o o k s p u b l i s h e d in o t h e r c o u n - t r i e s , c o r r e s p o n d i n g n a t i o n a l b i b l i o g r a - p h i e s w e r e c h e c k e d . A n a d d i t i o n a l t y p e of v e r i f y i n g w a s t h a t r e q u i r e d t o e s t a b l i s h t h e a u t h o r i t y o f t h e r e v i e w e r . I n m a n y i n s t a n c e s n e i t h e r b i o g r a p h i c a l d i c t i o n a r i e s , c o l l e g e c a t a - l o g s , n o r d i r e c t o r i e s of p r o f e s s i o n a l so- c i e t i e s w o u l d y i e l d i n f o r m a t i o n . I n t h e p o l i t i c a l s c i e n c e s t u d y it w a s n e c e s s a r y t o g e t p e r m i s s i o n t o c o n s u l t a n d t h e n g o t o t h e A m e r i c a n P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e A s s o c i - a t i o n ' s h e a d q u a r t e r s t o c h e c k t h e c a r d f i l e of m e m b e r s of t h a t o r g a n i z a t i o n . Policies of Journals O n e p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t i n g s o r t of i n - f o r m a t i o n g a t h e r e d in s e v e r a l of t h e s e s t u d i e s h a d t o d o w i t h t h e e d i t o r i a l p o l i - cies of t h e j o u r n a l s u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n . T o g e t t h i s r e q u i r e d t h e s e n d i n g of a l e t t e r , w i t h a s m a l l n u m b e r of q u e s t i o n s a r r a n g e d f o r e a s y a n s w e r i n g , t o e a c h e d i - t o r . S u c h q u e s t i o n s a s : W h o s e l e c t s t h e r e v i e w e r ? W h a t is t h e b a s i s of s e l e c t i o n ( s u b j e c t s p e c i a l i s t s n o t c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e j o u r n a l , m e m b e r s of t h e e d i t o r i a l s t a f f , m e m b e r s of t h e u n i v e r s i t y f a c u l t y ) ? A r e v o l u n t a r y r e v i e w s a c c e p t e d ? I s a t i m e l i m i t p l a c e d o n t h e r e c e p t i o n of t h e r e - v i e w f o r p u b l i c a t i o n o r is t h e r e v i e w p u b - v 210 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES l i s h e d r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e t i m e - l a g ? I s t h e r e v i e w e r g i v e n a s p a c e l i m i t a t i o n ? I f so, a p p r o x i m a t e l y w h a t s p a c e ? W h a t b o o k s a r e s e l e c t e d f o r r e v i e w i n g ? H a s t h e j o u r - n a l a s t a n d a r d f o r m f o r t h e b i b l i o g r a p h - i c a l e n t r y ? I n t h e s t u d y of e d u c a t i o n a l j o u r n a l s t h e s c o r e c a r d d e v e l o p e d b y t h e i n v e s t i - g a t o r w a s s e n t f o r c r i t i c i s m t o M i s s H a i n e s , D o u g l a s W a p l e s , W . W . C h a r - t e r s , C . V . G o o d , C a r t e r A l e x a n d e r , L o u i s S . S h o r e s , E t h e l M . F e a g l e y , a n d . M a r i o n E m s l e y H a w e s , a n d r e v i s e d in t h e l i g h t of t h e i r c o m m e n t s . I n s o m e s t u d i e s l i b r a r i a n s a l s o w e r e a s k e d t o s t a t e t o w h a t e x t e n t t h e p a r t i c u l a r j o u r n a l s w e r e u s e d b y t h e m a n d b y t h e m e m b e r s of t h e i r f a c u l t i e s f o r o b t a i n i n g i n f o r m a - t i o n a b o u t b o o k s f o r s e l e c t i o n f o r t h e c o l - l e g e l i b r a r y . Summary T h e t i t l e s in t h e s e t w o s e r i e s of m a s - t e r s ' e s s a y s a r e l i s t e d a t t h e e n d of t h i s a r t i c l e . H e r e is g i v e n a s u m m a r y of t h e e l e v e n f i n i s h e d s t u d i e s a n d of t h e o n e n e a r l y c o m p l e t e d e s s a y in t h a t s e r i e s w h i c h h a s t o d o w i t h t h e b o o k - r e v i e w i n g a d e - q u a c y of s u b j e c t j o u r n a l s f o r b o o k s e l e c - t i o n in c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s : C h e m i s t r y : ( B e n t l e y ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r s 1930 and 1 9 3 5 . 5 1 3 r e v i e w s . Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal of Physical Chemistry Journal of Chemical Education Transactions of the Faraday Society C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. R e p r e s e n t a t i o n of the p u b l i c a t i o n s of a l l c o u n t r i e s and p a r t i c u l a r l y of the U . S A . , E n g l a n d , F r a n c e , and G e r m a n y is s a t i s f a c - t o r y . 2. J o u r n a l s are w e a k in p r o m p t n e s s of r e v i e w , o r d i n a r i l y w a i t i n g t h r e e or f o u r m o n t h s a f t e r p u b l i c a t i o n , o r l o n g e r , b e f o r e r e v i e w i n g . 3. In c r i t i c a l and e v a l u a t i v e q u a l i t i e s the r e v i e w s are i n a d e q u a t e . S t r o n g e r in de- s c r i p t i v e t h a n in c r i t i c a l p r e s e n t a t i o n s . T h e l i b r a r i a n needs, p a r t i c u l a r l y , m o r e definite s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t a c c u r a c y , g r e a t e r c o m - p a r i s o n w i t h s i m i l a r books, and c o n s i d e r a b l y m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n on the t e x t u a l and physi- c a l q u a l i t i e s of the books and on the a u - t h o r ' s q u a l i f i c a t i o n s and the basis of his w o r k . P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e : ( H e n r y ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r 1935. 1294 r e v i e w s . P e r i o d i c a l s in the s u b j e c t field. American Political Science Review Annals of the American Academy of Po- litical and Social Science Political Science Quarterly Journal of Political Economy G e n e r a l b o o k - r e v i e w i n g m e d i a : Books (Herald-Tribune) Nation New Republic New York Times Book Review Saturday Review of Literature Survey Graphic C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. O n l y a s m a l l p e r c e n t a g e of books r e - v i e w e d r e p r e s e n t e d f o r e i g n l i t e r a t u r e . P u b - lications w e r e l a r g e l y confined to those of E n g l i s h - s p e a k i n g c o u n t r i e s . 2. N u m b e r of r e v i e w s w a s high. P r o f e s - s i o n a l j o u r n a l s s l o w e r in r e v i e w i n g t h a n w e r e the n o n p r o f e s s i o n a l ones. 3. R e v i e w i n g s i t u a t i o n in p o l i t i c a l science p e r i o d i c a l s is not s a t i s f a c t o r y . 4. A u t h o r i t y of r e v i e w e r s h o w s a high p e r c e n t a g e in p r o f e s s i o n a l j o u r n a l s , and 31 p e r cent of n o n p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r i o d i c a l re- v i e w e r s w e r e m e m b e r s of a p o l i t i c a l science o r g a n i z a t i o n . M o d e r n L a n g u a g e P h i l o l o g y : ( B o y c e ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r s 1937 and 1938. 784 r e v i e w s . Journal of English and Germanic Philology Modern Language Journal Modern Language Notes Modern Philology Philological Quarterly JUNE, 1944 19 7 C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. In c r i t i c a l e v a l u a t i o n the r e v i e w s a d e - q u a t e l y m e e t the r e q u i r e m e n t f o r c r i t i c a l a p p r a i s a l w i t h t h r e e i m p o r t a n t e x c e p t i o n s : ( i ) no i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t the a u t h o r of the w o r k ; ( 2 ) l i t t l e c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r s i m i l a r w o r k s ; ( 3 ) f e w f a c t s a b o u t t e x t u a l o r p h y s i c a l m a k e - u p . 2. M e d i a n t i m e - l a g of e l e v e n m o n t h s be- t w e e n a p p e a r a n c e of the w o r k s and the r e v i e w s , w i t h r a n g e f r o m one m o n t h to ten y e a r s , r e n d e r s j o u r n a l s i n a d e q u a t e f o r c u r - r e n t book selection. T w o of the j o u r n a l s v e r y i n a d e q u a t e in i n t e r n a t i o n a l r a n g e of r e v i e w i n g . 3. S e l e c t i o n of r e v i e w e r s is n o n b i a s e d ; s e l e c t i o n of books f o r r e v i e w is l i m i t e d to those sent by p u b l i s h e r s and a u t h o r s . 4. L a c k of r e v i e w s of A m e r i c a n and con- t e m p o r a r y w o r k s indicates n e g l e c t in r e - v i e w i n g policy. 5. P r o n o u n c e d p r e v a l e n c e of f a v o r a b l e r e v i e w s in a l l j o u r n a l s . 6. I n the l a s t a n a l y s i s the r e v i e w s f u l f i l l c e r t a i n specific r e q u i r e m e n t s of b o o k s e l e c - tion but f a i l to m e e t t o t a l r e q u i r e m e n t s to a sufficient d e g r e e to appraise t h e m as ade- q u a t e f o r b o o k s e l e c t i o n f o r c o l l e g e l i b r a r - ies. A n c i e n t C l a s s i c s : ( M c A t e e ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r 1 9 3 7 . 485 r e v i e w s . American Journal of Philology Classical Philology Classical Review Classical Weekly C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. R e v i e w s are e m i n e n t l y s a t i s f a c t o r y in t h e i r t r e a t m e n t of f o r m , s u b j e c t and scope, p u r p o s e and e x t e n t ; only s l i g h t l y less ade- q u a t e as r e g a r d s c o m p a r i s o n and a u t h o r ' s basis of w o r k and a c c u r a c y . F a i r l y g o o d w i t h respect to description of t e x t u a l and p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and p a s s a b l e con- c e r n i n g c o m m e n t s on s t r u c t u r e and e x p r e s - sion. T h e y a r e d i s a p p o i n t i n g w i t h r e g a r d to s t a t e m e n t of q u a l i f i c a t i o n s of the a u t h o r . 2. T h e time i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n p u b l i c a t i o n of b o o k and a p p e a r a n c e of r e v i e w is too g r e a t to a l l o w the r e v i e w s to be of a l l the aid they m i g h t be to c o l l e g e l i b r a r y book selection. 3. V e r y c o m p r e h e n s i v e in their inclusion of r e v i e w s of f o r e i g n p u b l i c a t i o n s . L a n - g u a g e difficulties seem to f o r m no impedi- m e n t w h e n t h e r e is question of r e v i e w i n g a b o o k w h i c h an e d i t o r j u d g e s w i l l be of i n t e r e s t to the r e a d e r s of his j o u r n a l . 4. P r o p o r t i o n of u n f a v o r a b l e to f a v o r - able r e v i e w s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 - 3 . I f these findings a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , the classics r e - v i e w e r s c a n s c a r c e l y be c o n s i d e r e d e x c e s - s i v e l y lenient. 5. A m o u n t of d u p l i c a t i o n of r e v i e w s in the d i f f e r e n t j o u r n a l s is c o n s i d e r a b l e , but m o r e n e a r l y s i m u l t a n e o u s a p p e a r a n c e of the r e v i e w s of the s a m e b o o k s is d e s i r a b l e . E n g i n e e r i n g : ( W h i t f o r d ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r 1936. 437 r e v i e w s . Engineering ( B r i t i s h ) Engineering News-Record ( C i v i l e n g i n e e r - i n g ) Mechanical Engineering ( M e c h a n i c a l e n g i - n e e r i n g ) Electrical World ( E l e c t r i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g ) Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Power Plant Engineering C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. I n f o r m a t i o n of a f a c t u a l o r d e s c r i p - tive c h a r a c t e r is u s u a l l y g i v e n in these re- v i e w s , b u t c r i t i c a l o r e v a l u a t i v e c o m m e n t to the e x t e n t r e q u i s i t e in book s e l e c t i o n is n o t g i v e n . 2. G r e a t e r p r o m p t n e s s of r e v i e w s is evi- denced in e n g i n e e r i n g j o u r n a l s t h a n in c h e m i s t r y o r p s y c h o l o g y . Space l i m i t a t i o n s seem to be the d e t e r m i n i n g f a c t o r w h i c h c a u s e s a c o n s i d e r a b l e p o r t i o n of r e v i e w s to be s p r e a d o v e r the c o u r s e of a y e a r a f t e r p u b l i c a t i o n . F o o d s and N u t r i t i o n : ( C u l l i p h e r ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r s I935> 1936, and 1 9 3 7 . 101 r e v i e w s . Journal of the American Dietetics Associa- tion Journal of Home Economics Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Journal of the American Medical Association v 212 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES American Journal of Digestive Diseases Quarterly Review of Biology C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. T h e s e j o u r n a l s m a k e an e f f o r t to se- c u r e and r e v i e w o u t s t a n d i n g books in the field. 2. T o o f e w of the r e v i e w s are signed. T h o s e t h a t are, are w r i t t e n by specialists. 3. B o o k s are r e v i e w e d w i t h e n o u g h f r e - q u e n c y f o r a book s e l e c t o r to g e t the opin- ion of m o r e t h a n one r e v i e w e r on m a n y books. 4. S h o r t e s t i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n p u b l i c a t i o n and r e v i e w is t w o m o n t h s . B i o l o g y : ( D o g g e t t ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r s , 1935-38. 769 r e v i e w s . A m e r i c a n M i c r o s c o p i c a l S o c i e t y . Transac- tions Ecology Quarterly Review of Biology Phytopathology Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : T h i s s t u d y , w h i c h h a s a t t e m p t e d to e v a l u a t e the o b j e c t i v e and s u b j e c t i v e aspects of the r e v i e w s , finds some s t r o n g and some w e a k points. 1. E d i t o r s f e e l responsible f o r the assign- m e n t of the b o o k s to be r e v i e w e d . 2. R e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the s t a t e m e n t s in the r e v i e w s m a y be f o u n d , as they a r e signed e x c e p t in the Quarterly Review of Biology. 3. R e v i e w e r s a r e m o s t l y specialists. 4. A n a l y s i s of c o n t e n t s of the r e v i e w s r e - v e a l e d m e a g r e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a u t h o r - ship, basis f o r s u b j e c t m a t t e r of the b o o k , and its p u r p o s e . 5. Ecology and Phytopathology h a d l e n g t h y r e v i e w s ; Quarterly Review of Bi- ology h a d m a n y but s h o r t r e v i e w s . H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n : ( S t e e l e ) 2 J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r 1938. 285 r e v i e w s . A s s o c i a t i o n of A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y P r o f e s - s o r s . Bulletin 2 For an abbreviated form of Miss Steele's essay- see pages 228-37 of this issue of College and Research Libraries. Harvard Educational Review Journal of Educational Research Journal of Higher Education Junior College Education C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : R e v i e w s in the field of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n f u r n i s h the l i b r a r i a n w i t h sufficient b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n and describe c o n t e n t s of b o o k s r e v i e w e d quite f u l l y but l e a v e m u c h to be desired in e v a l u a t i n g the books f o r selection p u r p o s e s . O f b o o k s r e v i e w e d only 10 per cent w e r e r e v i e w e d m o r e t h a n once. S i x t y - s e v e n to 84 per cent of all signed r e v i e w s a t t e m p t e d to g i v e an i m p a r t i a l e s t i m a t e of the book by a g r e e i n g o r d i s a g r e e i n g w i t h the a u t h o r ' s point of v i e w ; 10 to 29 per cent only of the s a m e r e v i e w e r s s t a t e d w h e t h e r o r not the book h a d the q u a l i t y n e c e s s a r y to m a k e it a p e r m a n e n t c o n t r i b u t i o n . A n o t h e r w e a k spot w a s in the field of c o m p a r i s o n . O n l y 20 to 22 per cent of r e v i e w s c o m p a r e d a n e w book w i t h o t h e r b e t t e r - k n o w n titles. S c o r e c a r d e v a l u a t i o n r e v e a l s : 1. O n the w h o l e j o u r n a l s r e v i e w recent m a t e r i a l . 2. F u l l a u t h o r i t y of r e v i e w e r is seldom g i v e n . In m o s t instances only n a m e of the person and institution w i t h w h i c h connected w e r e m e n t i o n e d . 3. O n e of the w e a k e s t spots in m a n n e r and t r e a t m e n t of r e v i e w s w a s in l a c k of c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r titles. 4. Scope and f o r m of book r e v i e w e d u s u a l l y w e l l - c o v e r e d . 5. R e v i e w s did not r a t e v e r y high on i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a u t h o r of books. F e w r e v i e w e r s m e n t i o n e d a u t h o r at a l l o r w h e n they did g a v e no i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t him. 6. R e v i e w s did n o t r e v e a l t o any g r e a t e x t e n t the o r i g i n a l i t y o r p e r m a n e n t v a l u e of the b o o k . 7. P h y s i c a l f e a t u r e s , such as a d e q u a t e index, d o c u m e n t a t i o n , appendices, and bibli- o g r a p h i e s , r e c e i v e d l i t t l e a t t e n t i o n . 8. T r a d e i n f o r m a t i o n a d e q u a t e l y g i v e n . 9. U s u a l l y the l o n g e r the r e v i e w the h i g h e r it r a t e d on the score c a r d , a l t h o u g h a v e r a g e r a t i n g f o r an i n d i v i d u a l r e v i e w w a s only t w e n t y - t h r e e o u t of a possible s c o r e of f o r t y - o n e . T h e l e n g t h v a r i e d , w i t h a l l b u t t w o of the j o u r n a l s a v e r a g i n g o v e r five h u n d r e d w o r d s f o r a single r e v i e w . JUNE, 1944 19 7 M u s i c : ( H a w k i n s ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r s 1935 and J 9 3 8 . 3 1 2 r e v i e w s . Etude Music Educators Journal Modern Music Music and Letters Saturday Review of Literature C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. S u b j e c t and scope of b o o k : sufficient i n f o r m a t i o n u s u a l l y g i v e n . 2. E v a l u a t i v e c o m m e n t : not s a t i s f a c t o r y . 3. C o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r b o o k s : a l m o s t e n t i r e l y l a c k i n g . 4. B i b l i o g r a p h i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n , i n c l u d - i n g p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : needs m o r e a t - t e n t i o n . 5. P r i m a r y d e t a i l s of a u t h o r , t i t l e , and d a t e : a r e w i t h f e w e x c e p t i o n s g i v e n a c - c u r a t e l y . 6. Q u a l i f i c a t i o n s of both a u t h o r and r e - v i e w e r : m i g h t be c o n s i d e r e d m o r e t h o r - o u g h l y w i t h p r o f i t . 7. F a i r l y p r o m p t r e v i e w i n g , in c o m p a r i - son w i t h o t h e r f i e l d s : 50 p e r c e n t of the titles r e v i e w e d w i t h i n e i g h t m o n t h s ; 22 p e r cent a y e a r o r m o r e a f t e r p u b l i c a t i o n . E n g l i s h and A m e r i c a n L i t e r a t u r e : ( R o g a n ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r 1938. 1 7 4 r e v i e w s . American Literature Englische Studien Etudes Anglaises Review of English Studies C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. T i m e - l a g b e t w e e n p u b l i c a t i o n of b o o k and the r e v i e w is none to t h i r t y - n i n e m o n t h s . G r e a t e s t n u m b e r of r e v i e w s f a l l w i t h i n the r a n g e of ten t o t w e l v e m o n t h s . 2. F r o m the s t a n d p o i n t of c r i t i c a l e v a l u a - tion the r e v i e w s a r e n o t e n t i r e l y a d e q u a t e . 3. V e r y f e w b o o k s o t h e r t h a n E n g l i s h and A m e r i c a n a r e r e v i e w e d . 4. 42.48 p e r c e n t of the b o o k s published ( a s listed in t h e Annual Bibliography of English Literature, American Bibliography in PM.L.A., e t c . ) are n o t r e v i e w e d in these j o u r n a l s . 5. 50.79 per cent of the r e v i e w e r s t h a t w e r e identified a r e m e m b e r s of u n i v e r s i t y f a c u l t i e s . 6. V i e w p o i n t s of r e v i e w e r s a r e : a v e r a g e r a t i n g , p r e d o m i n a t e l y f a v o r a b l e , 33.37 per c e n t ; e x t r e m e l y f a v o r a b l e , 30.68 p e r c e n t ; p r e d o m i n a t e l y u n f a v o r a b l e , 16.4 per c e n t ; e x t r e m e l y u n f a v o r a b l e , 1 1 . 1 p e r c e n t ; n e u - t r a l , 8.46 p e r c e n t . I t is a p p a r e n t t h a t f a v o r a b l e v i e w p o i n t is u n d u l y s t r e s s e d . E c o n o m i c s : ( R o g e r s ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r s 1936 and 1938. 1 1 8 8 r e v i e w s . American Economic Review Journal of Political Economy Quarterly Journal of Economics Economic Journal Economics C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d : 1. T h e book r e v i e w s g i v e l i t t l e i n f o r m a - tion on s e v e r a l points i m p o r t a n t to the l i - b r a r i a n : a ) T h e soundness and v a l u e of the eco- n o m i c thesis of the b o o k . b ) W h e t h e r o r n o t the b o o k c a n s a f e l y be p r e d i c t e d to be a c o n t r i b u t i o n of one kind o r a n o t h e r t o e c o n o m i c l i t e r a t u r e . c ) T h e possible uses of the b o o k and by w h o m . d ) T h e b a c k g r o u n d of the a u t h o r and his a u t h o r i t a t i v e n e s s . e ) T h e a u t h o r i t a t i v e n e s s of the r e v i e w e r . 2. M o s t of the r e v i e w s a p p e a r w i t h i n the y e a r f o l l o w i n g the p u b l i c a t i o n of the book r e v i e w e d . T h e r e is l i t t l e o p p o r t u n i t y of c o m p a r i n g r e v i e w s of titles, h o w e v e r , "be- c a u s e m o s t r e v i e w s are in only one j o u r n a l , t h e r e is r a t h e r s m a l l d u p l i c a t i o n of r e v i e w s on s a m e titles, and the j o u r n a l r a n k i n g sec- ond in n u m b e r of r e v i e w s i n c l u d e d l a g s f a r behind in p r o m p t n e s s of the r e v i e w s ' ap- p e a r a n c e . 3. N e i t h e r of the t w o A m e r i c a n j o u r n a l s s t u d i e d w h i c h w e r e i n d e x e d in the one r e v i e w i n d e x e x a m i n e d m a d e a good s h o w - ing in the n u m b e r of t h e i r r e v i e w s i n d e x e d . 4. I n s t r u c t i o n s a r e n o t g i v e n to the r e - v i e w e r s as a p a r t of e d i t o r i a l policy e x c e p t in m i n o r instances, b u t an a t t e m p t is m a d e by the j o u r n a l s t o s e c u r e c o m p e t e n t r e - 214 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES / v i e w e r s and t o r e v i e w only w o r t h - w h i l e b o o k s . 5. P o s s i b l y a b e t t e r and m o r e o b j e c t i v e w a y to check on the r e a l a d e q u a c y of the r e v i e w s w o u l d be to p o o l the findings of a g r o u p of e x p e r t s w i t h a k n o w l e d g e of e c o n o m i c s , c o l l e g e c u r r i c u l u m needs, and c o l l e g e l i b r a r i a n s ' b o o k selection needs, w h o h a v e c o m p a r e d a c t u a l b o o k s w i t h r e v i e w s . 6. P o s s i b l y n e e d e d i m p r o v e m e n t s in r e - v i e w i n g c o u l d be a t t a i n e d if the needs of those c o n c e r n e d w i t h b o o k selection f o r the l i b r a r i e s of o u r c o l l e g e s c o u l d be p l a c e d be- f o r e the e d i t o r i a l b o a r d s of the r e v i e w i n g j o u r n a l s . P h i l o s o p h y : ( M a x f i e l d ) J o u r n a l s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Y e a r 1938. 564 r e v i e w s . Ethics Hibbert Journal Journal of Philosophy Mind Philosophical Review C o n c l u s i o n s r e a c h e d ( t e n t a t i v e , since w o r k is still in p r o g r e s s ) : 1. T h r e e j o u r n a l s , viz., Ethics, Journal of Philosophy, and Philosophical Review, a r e f a r a h e a d of the o t h e r s as r e g a r d s the n u m b e r of s a t i s f a c t o r y r e v i e w s ; the diffi- c u l t y w i t h Hibbert Journal and Mind be- ing p a r t l y the f e w n e s s of t h e i r r e v i e w s of any kind. 2. I n spite of the m a n y r e v i e w s it r u n s , Philosophical Review is i n f e r i o r to Ethics and Journal of Philosophy, e s p e c i a l l y • be- c a u s e its r e v i e w s a r e s l o w in a p p e a r i n g . 3. I n a l l j o u r n a l s e x c e p t Philosophical Review the m a j o r i t y of r e v i e w s a r e a d e - q u a t e , a l t h o u g h not so by a l a r g e m a r g i n . 4. A s a g r o u p , the r e v i e w s e x a m i n e d are s t r o n g e r in description t h a n in c r i t i c i s m , this being p a r t i c u l a r l y t r u e in Philosophical Review. 5. S l i g h t l y m o r e t h a n one h a l f of all the r e v i e w s a p p e a r e d w i t h i n a y e a r of the pub- lication of the books and a l i t t l e o v e r one h a l f of these c o u l d be j u d g e d as a d e q u a t e . 6. O n l y in Journal of Philosophy and Philosophical Review w a s t h e r e any c o n - s i d e r a b l e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of b o o k s not o r i g i - n a t i n g in E n g l a n d o r A m e r i c a . 7. 84 p e r cent of the titles t r e a t e d w e r e r e v i e w e d only once. 8. M o s t of the r e v i e w e r s w e r e a u t h o r i - ties, a l t h o u g h m i n o r specialists r a t h e r t h a n m a j o r a u t h o r i t i e s s t a n d o u t a m o n g the a u - t h o r s of a d e q u a t e r e v i e w s . 9. T h e r e v i e w s r a t e d as s a t i s f a c t o r y tended to be f a v o r a b l e to the books d e a l t w i t h ; o t h e r s w e r e n e i t h e r p r e d o m i n a t e l y f a v o r a b l e n o r u n f a v o r a b l e . 10. F a i r l y s u c c e s s f u l book selection c o u l d be done f r o m the j o u r n a l s s t u d i e d . List of Studies of Boo\ Collections in Relation to Curricula B a k e r , F r a n c e s N . " T h e Science B o o k s in the N o r m a l S c h o o l L i b r a r i e s in N e w Y o r k S t a t e . " 1 9 3 7 . B o u g h t e r , V i v i a n R . " A r e the B o o k R e - s o u r c e s in A m e r i c a n H i s t o r y in the W e s t V i r g i n i a T e a c h e r s C o l l e g e s A d e q u a t e ? " 1936. C o l l i e r , A m e l i a . " T h e B o o k C o l l e c t i o n in E n g l i s h H i s t o r y f o r a C o l l e g e L i b r a r y . " 1930. D u n n , S i s t e r H e l e n . " A M i n i m u m B a s i c L i s t of Spanish B o o k s f o r the F o u r - Y e a r L i b e r a l A r t s C o l l e g e . " 1940. F a l v e y , F a t h e r . " A S u r v e y of the H o l d - ings in P h i l o s o p h y of R e p r e s e n t a t i v e C a t h o l i c C o l l e g e L i b r a r i e s , w i t h an A u - t h o r i t a t i v e L i s t of B o o k s in the F i e l d . " 1940. F o s t e r , A n n a E . " B u i l d i n g a B o o k C o l - lection in the S e v e n t e e n t h C e n t u r y f o r a C o l l e g e L i b r a r y . " 1930. H a u s d o r f e r , W a l t e r . " T h e P r o b l e m of S e - l e c t i n g B o o k s and P e r i o d i c a l s in Z o o l o g y . " 1930. J e n s s e n , H a n s . ' ' B u i l d i n g the B o o k C o l - l e c t i o n of the I n s t i t u t e of E c o n o m i c s at the U n i v e r s i t y of O s l o . " 1937. L a n c a s t e r , L u c y L e e . " D o the L i b r a r i e s of L a n d - G r a n t C o l l e g e s P r o v i d e a R e p - r e s e n t a t i v e C o l l e c t i o n of B o o k s f o r B a c k - JUNE, 1944 19 7 ground Reading in Agricultural Litera- t u r e ? " 1931. Littlefield, Lucile J. " A Fine A r t s Collec- tion for a Library of a Teachers C o l - lege." 1938. M c L a u g h l i n , M a d g e . " T h e Selection of Anthropology Books for the Undergradu- ate Liberal A r t s College." 1937. M o l l , Father Boniface E. " A Basic List of Books in Sociology for Catholic Lib- eral A r t s Colleges." 1939. Russell, Abi. " A Fine A r t s Collection for a Liberal A r t s College L i b r a r y . " 1931. Silvers, Josephine L . " A Study of the Science Collections in the State Teachers Colleges of Nebraska." 1938. Sister M a r y Genevieve. "Book List for a Proposed Curriculum in Religion for Women's Catholic Undergraduate Col- leges." 1934. Stone, Ermine. " A Book Collection in the 300's for a Junior College L i b r a r y . " 1929. T a s h j i a n , N o u v a r t . " A Book Collection in Economics for an Undergraduate C o l - lege L i b r a r y . " 1930. Thompson, M . Florence. " A Book Col- lection in American History for a Junior College Library in C a l i f o r n i a . " 1930. W y a t t , Mildred. " A Study of the Science Collections in the Teachers College L i - braries in T e x a s . " 1936. List of Studies of the BoofyReviewing Adequacy of Subject Journals Bentley, Phyllis D . " T h e Book-Reviewing Adequacy of Certain Professional Chemi- cal Journals for Book Selection in the College L i b r a r y . " 1937. Boyce, M a r g a r e t . " T h e Book Reviewing Adequacy of Certain Literary Journals for College Library Book Selection." 1939- Cullipher, M a r t h a R. " T h e Book Review- ing Adequacy for College Library Book Selection of Certain Technical Periodi- cals Relating to Foods and Nutrition." 1939. Doggett, M a r g u e r i t e V . " T h e Extent to W h i c h Book Reviews in Certain Bio- logical Journals M e e t the Need of C o l - lege Library Book Selection." 1940. Hawkins, Jane S. " T h e Book Reviewing Adequacy of Certain Musical Journals for College Library Book Selection." 1941. Henry, Eugenia M . " T h e Book Reviewing Service of Some American Journals of Political Science." 1939. M c A t e e , Sister Jane Frances. " T h e Book Reviewing Adequacy of Certain of the Classical Periodicals for College L i - brary Book Selection." 1939. Maxfield, David. " T h e Book Reviewing Adequacy of Certain Journals in the Field of Philosophy from the Point of V i e w of College Library Book Selection." ( T i t l e tentative, as work is still in prog- ress.) Rogan, M m e . M a r i e Joseph. " V a l u e of Book Reviews of English and American Literature for College Library Book Se- lection." 1941. Rogers, M a r y E. " T h e Book-Reviewing Adequacy of Certain Economic Periodi- cals for Use in College Library Book Selection." 1942. Steele, Rea J. " T h e Book -Reviewing A d e - quacy of Certain Periodicals in the Field of Higher Education for College Library Book Selection." 1940. W h i t f o r d , Robert H . "Evaluation of C e r - tain Technical Book Reviewing M e d i a as Book Selection Aids in a College T e c h - nology L i b r a r y . " 1939. v 216 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES